Experimental Study on Hydro-Abrasion Performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Cementitious Composites
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摘要:
挟沙水流对桥墩的冲蚀磨损严重，继而影响桥梁的安全服役. 为此，采用自主研制的冲蚀磨损试验装置，对一种桥墩抗冲蚀磨损材料——聚乙烯醇（polyvinyl alcohol，PVA）纤维水泥基复合材料进行冲蚀磨损试验. 以普通砂浆为参照，首先，测试了普通砂浆试块和PVA纤维水泥基复合材料试块的抗压强度；然后，测量了冲蚀引起的质量损失，并分析了两类材料在不同冲击角度下的冲蚀磨损特点；最后，采用计算流体力学程序开展数值模拟，从流场角度对冲蚀磨损机理开展了深入分析. 研究结果表明：水胶比对材料抗冲蚀磨损性能影响最大，水胶比越低，材料的强度越高和抗冲蚀磨损性能越好；在不同的冲击角度下，试块表面的冲蚀坑形状不同，在90° 冲击条件下，冲蚀坑呈圆环状，在30° 冲击条件下，冲蚀坑呈马蹄形；普通砂浆和E3配合比试块随冲击时间增加，单位时间（5 min）的质量损失逐渐减小，但两者的冲蚀过程不同.
Abstract:Bridge safety during service is greatly influenced by hydro-abrasion caused by waterborne sand. An independently developed testing device was employed to conduct hydro-abrasion tests on a type of anti-abrasion material, i.e., polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforced cement based composites. Ordinary mortar was selected as the reference material. Firstly, the compressive strengths of the two types of materials were tested and then the weight losses caused by hydro-abrasion were measured. The hydro-abrasion characteristics of the two materials under different impacting angles were analyzed. Finally, the computational fluid dynamics program was used to conduct numerical simulation and the generation mechanisms of abrasion pits were explored on the basis of flow field analysis. Results show that water-binder ratio has the most influence on the anti-abrasion performance; the smaller the water-binder ratio, the larger the material compressive strength and the better the anti-abrasion performance. Abrasion pits on the specimen surfaces have different shapes when suffering impacting of different angles, i.e., the abrasion pit is circular when the impacting angle is 90°, and it is in horseshoe shape when the impacting angle is 30°. The abrasion weight loss of the ordinary mortar specimen and the E3 mix-proportion specimen increases with impacting time. However, the abrasion weight per unit time (5 minutes) of the two types of materials deceases with the increase of the unit time, and their abrasion processes are different.
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图 2 PVA纤维水泥基试块和普通砂浆试块抗压强度
Figure 2. Compressive strengths of PVA fiber reinforced cement based blocks and ordinary mortar blocks
图 3 PVA纤维水泥基部分试块抗压强度测试后破碎形状
Figure 3. Shapes of crushed PVA fiber reinforced cement based blocks after compressive strength test
图 4 水胶比和硅灰掺量对PVA纤维水泥基试块抗压强度的影响
Figure 4. Effect of water binder ratio and silica fume content on compressive strengths of PVA fiber cementitious testing block
图 5 PVA纤维水泥基试块和普通砂浆试块质量损失
Figure 5. Weight loss of PVA fiber reinforced cement based blocks and ordinary mortar blocks
图 6 水胶比和硅灰掺量对PVA纤维水泥基试块冲蚀质量的影响
Figure 6. Effect of water binder ratio and silica fume content on hydro-abrasion mass loss of PVA fiber reinforced cement based blocks
图 7 E3配合比试块和普通砂浆试块质量损失与冲蚀时间的关系
Figure 7. Relationship between mass loss and hydro-abrasion time of E3 testing blocks and ordinary mortar testing blocks
图 8 冲击角度为90° 时各试块冲蚀磨损特征
Figure 8. Hydro-abrasion characteristics of testing blocks when impacting angle is 90°
图 9 冲击角度为30° 时各试块冲蚀磨损特征
Figure 9. Hydro-abrasion characteristics of testing blocks when impacting angle is 30°
图 11 90° 冲击角度下试块表面流场
Figure 11. Flow field on testing block surface when impacting angle is 90°
图 12 90° 冲击角度下试块表面砂粒撞击信息分布
Figure 12. Distribution of sand particle impacting information on testing block surface when impacting angle is 90°
图 13 30° 冲击角度下试块表面流场
Figure 13. Flow field on testing block surface when impacting angle is 30°
图 14 30° 冲击角度下试块表面砂粒撞击信息分布
Figure 14. Distribution of sand particle impacting information on testing block surface when impacting angle is 30°
表 1 PVA纤维水泥基复合材料抗冲蚀性能正交试验方案配合比
Table 1. Mix proportion of PVA fiber reinforced cement based composites in orthogonal test scheme on anti-abrasion performance
编号 材料/（kg•m−3） 掺量比重 水 水泥 硅灰 微珠 砂 减水剂 PVA纤维 水胶比 硅灰 微珠 El 381 1080 64 127 457 19 26 0.30 0.05 0.10 E2 381 953 127 191 457 19 26 0.30 0.10 0.15 E3 381 826 191 254 457 19 26 0.30 0.15 0.20 E4 432 987 62 185 444 19 26 0.35 0.05 0.15 E5 432 864 123 247 444 19 26 0.35 0.10 0.20 E6 432 925 185 123 444 19 26 0.35 0.15 0.10 E7 480 899 60 240 432 18 26 0.40 0.05 0.20 E8 480 959 120 120 432 18 26 0.40 0.10 0.10 E9 480 839 180 180 432 18 26 0.40 0.15 0.15 注：PVA纤维掺量占其余材料总体积的百分数为 2%. 
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