Taking the road traffic conditions of Urumqi as the study object, the influence of opening of primary and middle schools on the road traffic is analyzed. Through the traffic index, running speed, congestion mileage, public transport passenger flow and the other data, related to the summer vacation and opening time of pupils and students, the quantitative index of the influence of the school opening on the road traffic is obtained. By analyzing the index, the school opening of the pupils and students accounting for about 11% of permanent population of the city has the great influence on the road traffic of Urumqi. The characters of "traffic pattern of school opening" in Urumqi are summarized. Combined with the cases, the significance and some improvement measures for the trip of pupils and students, and the optimization of traffic organization around schools are discussed.