Influence of Opening on Tsunami Force on Low-Rise House
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摘要:
为研究门窗及屋面板洞口对低矮房屋海啸作用力影响，在试验水槽中通过溃坝方式模拟海啸涌波，开展不同来流波高时低矮房屋海啸作用力模型试验. 分析了门窗、屋面板开洞率、开洞位置对低矮房屋海啸力的影响机理和影响规律，提出了开洞率、开洞位置影响系数. 研究结果表明：有门窗洞口时，海啸水平作用力最大值发生在波动段，并且最大值发生时刻随开洞率增大而延后，开洞率越大海啸水平力越小；门窗洞口竖向位置越接近海啸涌波高能区域时，海啸作用力最大值越小；屋面板较小的开孔即可释放裹挟空气，降低屋面板底部压力，减小结构似平稳阶段的竖向力，屋面板开孔能导致结构水平海啸力增大约20%，需要引起重视.
Abstract:In order to study the influence of openings of door, window and roof on the tsunami force on low-rise houses, physical model experiments were conducted under different wave heights of tsunami bores which were generated by dam-break method. The influence mechanisms and rules of the opening rate and opening position were investigated, based on which, the influence coefficients of the opening rate and position are proposed. Results show that an opening on walls makes the peak value of the horizontal tsunami force occur at the fluctuation stage. The occurrence time is delayed and the peak value of the horizontal tsunami force becomes smaller when the opening rate of the walls increases. Also when the opening is closer to the high-energy zone of tsunami bore, the horizontal tsunami force becomes smaller. The openings on the roof can release the entrapped air, thus reducing the pressure on the roof bottom and finally reducing the positive vertical force in the quasi-stable stage. However, the openings on the roof can increase the horizontal tsunami force on structure by 20%, which should receive attentions.
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Key words:
- opening /
- low-rise house /
- tsunami bore load /
- influence coefficient /
- entrapped air
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图 3 房屋主体结构模型（前后墙预留洞口）以及具有不同开洞率的盖板模型
Figure 3. Main structure model of the house with openings reserved on the front and rear walls and the cover models with different opening rates
图 5 工况8-2开洞率不同时的海啸作用力时程曲线
Figure 5. Time-history curves of the tsunami force in case 8-2 with different opening rates
图 6 工况8-2海啸作用力冲击峰值与开洞率的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between the tsunami force peak value and the opening rate in case 8-2
图 7 工况8-2
${{k}}_{\mathbf{m}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{x}}$ 、${{t}}_{\mathbf{m}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{x}}$ 与开洞率${n}$ 的关系Figure 7. Relationships between
${{k}}_{\mathbf{m}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{x}}$ ,${{t}}_{\mathbf{m}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{x}}$ and${n}$ in case 8-2
图 8 不同工况中海啸作用力最大值随开洞率变化
Figure 8. Variation of the tsunami force peak value with opening rate in different cases
图 9 不同工况中海啸作用力似平稳段均值随开洞率变化趋势
Figure 9. Variation of the tsunami force mean value in quasi-stationary stage with opening rate in different cases
图 11 工况4-2中竖向开洞位置不同时海啸作用力时程曲线
Figure 11. Comparison of tsunami force time-history curves of 4-2 cases with different vertical opening positions
图 12 不同工况中
$ {\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{\alpha }} $ 随竖向位置α变化规律Figure 12. Variation of
$ {\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{\alpha }} $ with vertical position α in different cases
图 13 不同工况中β对
$ {\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{\beta }} $ 的影响Figure 13. Influence of β on
$ {\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{\beta }} $ in different cases
图 14 屋面板上点压力计布置以及孔洞分布示意
Figure 14. Sketches of pressure gauge arrangement and opening distributions on roof panel
图 15 工况12-2中屋面板开孔与不开孔时屋面板底部压力对比
Figure 15. Comparison of pressures at the bottom of roof panel without and with openings on the roof panel
图 16 工况12-2中房屋顶部空气逃逸的CFD模拟
Figure 16. CFD simulation of air escape ofthe roof panel in case 12-2
图 17 工况12-2中屋面板开洞率不同时屋面板底部压力最大值
Figure 17. Maximum pressure at the bottom of roof with different opening rates in case 12-2
图 18 不同工况下屋面板竖向力峰值随开洞率变化
Figure 18. Variation of the peak value of the vertical force on the roof panel with opening rate in different cases
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