| 基于压缩式制冷技术的多年冻土保护方法研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘建坤,胡田飞.基于压缩式制冷技术的多年冻土保护方法研究[J].中国公路学报,2021,34(12):313-322. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘建坤 胡田飞 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中山大学 土木工程学院, 广东 广州 510275;2. 石家庄铁道大学 省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室, 河北 石家庄 050043;3. 石家庄铁道大学 土木工程学院, 河北 石家庄 050043 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41731281，42001059）；国家重点基础研究发展计划（“九七三”计划）项目（2012CB026104）；河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目（QN2020180）；河北省自然科学基金项目（E2020210044） |
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| 摘 要： | 冻土退化及路基融沉病害是中国多年冻土区交通工程面临的关键障碍。基于制冷技术，提出一种更具实时性和有效性的多年冻土保护方法。通过多年冻土制冷需求分析、制冷方法对比、驱动源供应方法分析，提出太阳能光伏驱动压缩式制冷的节能方案。设计一款路基专用的一体化制冷系统，并从资源性、技术性、经济性等角度论证其实用性。研究结果表明：压缩式制冷系统的输出性能与结构形式可以有效应对多年冻土退化的大深度分布特征和冷负荷要求。青藏高原等多年冻土区的太阳辐照量充足，基于光伏发电技术可以解决路基沿线制冷驱动力的分散供应难题，太阳能制冷具有地域、季节匹配性好的优势。制冷组件包括压缩机、蒸发器、冷凝器和节流器等，其中功能部件蒸发器的结构形式为立式柱状螺旋形盘管。制冷系统可以预设不同的制冷温度和启停间隔，技术性和经济性条件良好。试验结果表明：装置在正温环境下的制冷温度约为-14℃，地层冷却半径在3.0 m以上；有效制冷系数随着周围土体温度的减小而逐渐降低，平均值在0.41以上。所提出的太阳能光伏压缩式制冷系统可为多年冻土区路基建设和运营保障提供一种新方法。
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| 关 键 词： | 道路工程 多年冻土退化 压缩式制冷技术 太阳能 制冷温度 制冷系数 冷却半径 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-03-27 |
Permafrost Protection Method Based on Compression Refrigeration Technology |
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| LIU Jian-kun,HU Tian-fei.Permafrost Protection Method Based on Compression Refrigeration Technology[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2021,34(12):313-322. |
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| Authors: | LIU Jian-kun HU Tian-fei |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, Hebei, China;3. School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, Hebei, China |
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| Abstract: | To solve the permafrost degradation and subgrade thermal settlement problems that exist widely in permafrost regions of China, a new method is proposed based on the refrigeration technology. A combined application scheme of solar photovoltaic power-generation and compression-refrigeration technologies was adopted, based on the thermal requirement of permafrost, comparison of refrigeration methods, and analysis of the diversified supply of driving sources for refrigeration. A special apparatus for subgrade engineering was designed, and its applicability was confirmed based on the solar-energy distribution, refrigeration technical, and economic conditions. The results showed that the refrigeration capacity and structural layout can meet the spatial characteristics and cooling load requirements of the degrading permafrost. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau achieves abundant solar energy, and the driving-force supply for refrigeration along the embankment can be addressed by the solar photovoltaic technology. Solar refrigeration presents advantages of regional and seasonal matching when applied for permafrost protection. The special refrigeration apparatus used for the subgrade contains a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion valve. The evaporator should be designed as a vertical columnar type, specifically a constant-diameter spiral coil. As the refrigeration system can automatically output different refrigeration temperatures and operate with preset intervals, it is advanced and economical for application. The performance tests show that the refrigeration temperature under a normal-temperature environment is approximately -14℃, and its calculated cooling radius is more than 3.0 m. The effective coefficient of performance decreases with the decrease in surrounding soil temperatures, and the average value can reach 0.41. The proposed solar compression refrigeration apparatus can provide a new method for the construction and operation of permafrost subgrade. |
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| Keywords: | road engineering permafrost degradation compression refrigeration technology solar energy refrigeration temperature coefficient of performance cooling radius |
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