| 美兰法与美兰拱桥技术发展综述 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈宝春,何福云,李聪,刘君平,?AVOR Zlatko,牟廷敏,陈康明,姚海冬,张梦娇.美兰法与美兰拱桥技术发展综述[J].交通运输工程学报,2022,22(6):1-24. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈宝春 何福云 李聪 刘君平 ?AVOR Zlatko 牟廷敏 陈康明 姚海冬 张梦娇 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.福州大学 土木工程学院，福建 福州 3501162.福州大学 桥梁技术创新与风险防治国家级国际联合研究中心，福建 福州 3501163.广西大学 土木建筑工程学院，广西 南宁 5300044.萨格勒布大学 土木工程学院，萨格勒布 100005.四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司，四川 成都 6100416.中国路桥工程有限责任公司，北京 100011 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划2018YFC07054000国家自然科学基金项目52078136广西自然科学基金项目2021GXNSFBA220006桂博新计划项目T3030097963 |
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| 摘 要： | 回顾了美兰法100多年的发展历程，讨论了相关专业术语及其内涵与外延；调查分析了美兰拱桥在中国的应用现状，总结了美兰法的技术发展要点和历史经验；指出了美兰法技术与美兰拱结构的研究现状与发展方向。研究结果表明:美兰法在19世纪末和20世纪上半叶从欧美起源，20世纪下半叶传到中国和日本；按所采用的埋置拱架类型，其在中国的发展可分为半劲性拱架、(一般)钢管混凝土(CFST)拱架和强劲CFST拱架3个阶段；美兰拱桥为混凝土拱桥的一种，美兰法所用的埋置拱架以服务施工为主，成桥后对混凝土的增强作用为辅；截至2021年5月，收集到的中国已建成或在建的美兰拱桥有57座，2007年以来，跨径250 m以上的混凝土拱桥均采用此法修建，其中最大跨径为600 m；美兰拱桥主要应用在中国西南山区的公路桥梁中，近年在铁路桥中的应用增多，以上承式双肋组拼拱为主，矢跨比集中在1/4~1/6，拱轴线多采用悬链线；CFST拱架截面积在主拱截面中的占比、钢管直径、钢管和混凝土材料强度均随时间的推移和跨径的增大而不断提高；应用美兰法时要综合考虑有限的用钢量、受控的结构受力和简便的施工这3种因素；预埋拱架从最早的型钢向类桁式、箱式、桁式发展，目前以桁式为主，桁式钢管拱架多采用悬臂法架设，转体法也有应用且形式多样；为减少用钢量，并控制施工过程中结构的受力与变形，中国创新地引入了CFST桁式结构作为埋置拱架，并采用预压、辅助锚索、多点平衡浇筑、斜拉索等调载方法；近年来，通过采用强劲CFST拱架，外包混凝土横向分环浇筑工序减少至3环及以下；在美兰法应用方面，应以强劲CFST拱架为核心，继续开展材料、结构与施工技术方面的研究；在美兰拱结构方面，应加强钢管增强混凝土结构、超高性能材料、钢腹板(杆)-混凝土组合拱受力性能研究；同时，还应深入研究美兰拱桥的耐久性，从而为新建桥梁的设计和既有桥梁的维修养护服务。
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| 关 键 词： | 桥梁工程 美兰法 混凝土拱 埋置拱架 钢管混凝土 综述 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-05-23 |
Review on technical development of Melan method and Melan arch bridges |
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| CHEN Bao-chun,HE Fu-yun,LI Cong,LIU Jun-ping,?AVOR Zlatko,MU Ting-min,CHEN Kang-ming,YAO Hai-dong,ZHANG Meng-jiao.Review on technical development of Melan method and Melan arch bridges[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2022,22(6):1-24. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Bao-chun HE Fu-yun LI Cong LIU Jun-ping ?AVOR Zlatko MU Ting-min CHEN Kang-ming YAO Hai-dong ZHANG Meng-jiao |
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| Abstract: | The development process of the Melan method for more than 100 years was reviewed, and the corresponding technical terms as well as their connotations and denotations were discussed. The application status of Melan arch bridges in China was investigated and analyzed, and the key technical issues and the development experience of the Melan method were summarized. The research status and development direction of the techniques employed in the Melan method and Melan arch structure were clarified. Research results show that the Melan method originated from Europe and America in the late 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, and then it was spread to China and Japan in the second half of the 20th century. Its development in China can be divided into three stages according to the types of embedded arch frameworks: semi-stiff arch framework, (general) concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch framework, and strong CFST arch framework. The Melan arch bridge is a kind of concrete arch bridge. The embedded arch framework used by the Melan method is mainly for the construction, while its reinforcement effect on the concrete is auxiliary after the bridge is completed. A total of 57 Melan arch bridges were built or under construction in China by May 2021. All concrete arch bridges in China with a span of greater than 250 m are built with this method since 2007, of which the largest span is 600 m. The Melan arch bridge is mainly applied in highway bridges in mountainous areas of southwest China, and its application in railway bridges increases significantly in recent years. The deck bridges with braced twin ribs are mainly applied. The rise-to-span ratio is concentrated in the range of 1/4-1/6, and the catenary is widely used as the arch axis. The area ratio of cross-section of the embedded CFST arch to the cross-section of the main arch, the diameter of steel tube, and the strengths of steel tube and concrete materials increase with time and the rise in span. In the application of the Melan method, three factors should be comprehensively considered, namely, the limited steel consumption, controlled mechanical behavior of the structure, and simple construction. The embedded arch framework developes from the earliest section steel to the truss-like structure and then to the box section and truss structure. The truss structure is commonly used today. The cantilever method is mostly used in the erection of the steel-tube truss structure, and the swing method is also used in various forms. To reduce the steel consumption and control the structural stress and deformation during the construction, the CFST truss structure is innovatively introduced as the embedded arch framework in China, and the load adjustment methods are adopted, including preloading, auxiliary anchor cables, multi-point balanced pouring, and stay cables. In recent years, the pouring ring number for the encased concrete in the cross-section significantly reduces to three or less due to the application of the strong CFST arch framework. In terms of the application of the Melan method, the researches on materials, structure, and construction technology focusing on the strong CFST arch framework should be further conducted. Regarding the Melan arch structure, the researches on the mechanical performance of steel-tube-reinforced concrete structures, ultra-high-performance materials, and steel web(rod)-concrete composite arches should be strengthened. Meanwhile, the durability of the Melan arch bridge should be thoroughly explored for the design of new bridges and the repair as well as the maintenance of existing bridges. 5 tabs, 18 figs, 85 refs. |
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