| 城市轨道交通车站内客流集散瓶颈识别及排序方法 |
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| 引用本文： | 汪瑞琪,张缨.城市轨道交通车站内客流集散瓶颈识别及排序方法[J].交通信息与安全,2017,35(1):71. |
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| 作者姓名： | 汪瑞琪 张缨 |
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| 作者单位： | 同济大学交通运输工程学院 上海 201804 |
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| 基金项目： | 德国教育与科学研究部BMBF基金项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 城市轨道交通车站客流集散过程中的设施瓶颈会导致车站内客流拥堵,严重影响乘客出行效率和系统运营安全.针对客流集散瓶颈进行识别和排序,在利用元胞自动机空间划分理念构建客流集散网络的基础上,分别基于复杂网络、网络最大流、拥挤堵塞等理论,提出了客流集散状态下形态、能力和拥堵瓶颈3种静态识别方法,并结合Anylogic仿真软件,基于集散时间进行静态瓶颈的排序;在动态瓶颈识别和排序方面,结合时间离散化的客流数据,提出基于时空拥堵强度的瓶颈识别及排序算法.以北京西直门换乘枢纽站为例进行概念建模和仿真建模,结果表明,利用堵塞流识别出的拥堵瓶颈在3种静态瓶颈中更符合车站实际运营情况;而排序重要度最高的动态瓶颈为站台处各楼梯起点,车站内客流集散瓶颈多出现在流线交织区且具有传播特性,验证了上述方法的可靠性和适用性.
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| 关 键 词： | 城市交通 客流集散 瓶颈识别 元胞自动机 复杂网络 网络最大流 |
Identification and Ranking Approaches of Bottleneck for Gathering and Distributing Capacity in Stations of Urban Rail Transit |
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| Abstract: | During the process that passengers gathering and distributing in stations of urban rail transit,bottlenecks of infrastructures can lead to congestion,which seriously affects efficiency and safety.In order to identify and classify the bottlenecks,a network for evacuation is developed based on partitioning space into cellular.Three methods are proposed to identify static bottlenecks under emergency evacuation,supported by complex network theory,network maximum flow theory,and blocking flow theory,respectively.With the software Anylogic,static bottlenecks are ranked by estimated e-vacuation time.For the identification and ranking of dynamic bottlenecks,an algorithm based on temporal and spatial con-gestion intensity is proposed.Finally,a case study of Xizhimen subway station in Beijing is carried out,which is used to test the proposed conceptual and simulated evacuation models.study results show that the bottleneck identified by bloc-king flow theory is most consistent with the observed operation among the three kind of static bottlenecks.The dynamic bottlenecks with the highest ranking importance are the inlets of stairs at the platform level.The bottlenecks generated during gathering and distributing processes mostly occurred at streamlined areas,and tend to propagate further.The reli-ability and applicability of the proposed method are also verified through the above case study. |
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