| 无信号控制交叉口老年驾驶人转向行为图谱研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 倪定安,郭凤香,周燕宁.无信号控制交叉口老年驾驶人转向行为图谱研究[J].交通信息与安全,2022,40(3):108-117. |
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| 作者姓名： | 倪定安 郭凤香 周燕宁 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.昆明理工大学交通工程学院 昆明 650500 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目71961012 |
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| 摘 要： | 考虑到老年驾驶人存在的视觉弱化、反应能力下降等问题，有必要分析其转向行为特征。基于此，本文分析了在无信号控制交叉口情景下老年驾驶人的转向行为特征，并绘制图谱描述行为特征的时序变化。基于无信号控制交叉口的现实场景调查，搭建了具备常见冲突类型的虚拟仿真驾驶场景（包含6个无信号控制交叉口），招募符合要求的老年驾驶人与中青年驾驶人进行驾驶模拟实验，分别采集车辆行驶数据（驾驶模拟器）、眼动数据和生理心理数据分析老年驾驶人与中青年驾驶人在不同转向场景下的行为特征差异，应用图谱理论构建驾驶人转向行为图谱描述老年驾驶人与中青年驾驶人的转向行为特征时序变化。实验结果表明:老年驾驶人的速度均值为20.4 km/h、注视持续时间均值为289.47 ms、扫视幅度均值为3.51°；中青年驾驶人的速度均值为35.79 km/h、注视持续时间均值为247.94 ms、扫视幅度均值为4.56°。老年驾驶人的心率变异性时域指标（SDNN和RMSSD）与频域指标（LF/HF和TP）的值更低，表明老年驾驶人在转向过程中更加紧张。图谱显示老年驾驶人的紧张持续时间更长，并在信息获取广度上弱于中青年驾驶人。结合图谱时空差异性指标发现，这2类驾驶人的驾驶行为在左转向场景下存在显著性差异，老年驾驶人驾驶操作的稳定性与安全性较低。
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| 关 键 词： | 交通安全 老年驾驶人 转向行为特征 图谱理论 无信号控制交叉口 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-26 |
A Graph Study on Turning Behaviors of Older Drivers at Unsignalized Intersections |
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| Affiliation: | 1.School of Transportation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China2.Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430000, China3.Shenzhen Urban Transport Planning Center, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China |
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| Abstract: | Considering the vision issues and slow response of older drivers, it is therefore important to study their turning behavior. Given this fact, the turning behavior of older drivers at unsignalized intersections are studied in this paper and a graph is developed to describe the changes of their driving behaviors over the time. A virtual simulation of driving scenes (including six unsignalized intersections) with different types of conflicts are developed based on a field survey. Next, older drivers and young/middle-aged drivers who meet requirements of simulation are recruited to conduct the experiment. Data regarding vehicle operation behaviors, eye movements, and physiological and psychological condition are collected to analyze the differences of behavioral characteristics between older and young/middle-aged groups of drivers under different turning scenarios. The Graph Theory is adopted to describe the features of behaviors for older and young/middle-aged drivers. Results show that for older drivers, the average of turning velocity is 20.4 km/h, fixation duration is 289.47 ms, and saccade amplitude is 3.51°. For young/middle-aged drivers, their average speed is 35.79 km/h, 247.94 ms and 4.56°, respectively. Older drivers are more nervous during the turning process since their time domain indicators (SDNN and RMSSD) and frequency domain indicators (LF/HF and TP) are lower. The graph indicates that the time of older drivers' nervousness lasts longer than young/middle-aged drivers do, and older drivers have a lower ability to collecting different information. Finally, the spatiotemporal differences from the graphs indicate that there are significant differences between the turning behavior of the two driver groups in left-turning scenarios, and the older drivers' turning behavior show a lower level of stability and safety. |
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