| 考虑船舶封存与压港的电煤船舶调度优化模型 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈康,赵梓州,吴明昊,辛旭,陈子根.考虑船舶封存与压港的电煤船舶调度优化模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2020,20(3):178-191. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈康 赵梓州 吴明昊 辛旭 陈子根 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.大连海事大学 航运经济与管理学院, 辽宁 大连 1160262.大连海事大学 交通运输工程学院, 辽宁 大连 1160263.同济大学 经济与管理学院, 上海 200092 |
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| 基金项目： | 辽宁省自然科学基金;国家自然科学基金;辽宁省社会科学规划基金;中央高校基本科研业务费专项 |
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| 摘 要： | 针对中国电煤水运系统的实际特点, 综合考虑了船舶封存与港口拥堵(压港)因素, 建立了混合整数规划优化模型, 对电煤船舶调度方案进行优化; 基于运输需求的硬时间窗、卸货港船舶排队等待时间与水路-铁路运输协同三因素之间的互动关系, 以运输系统总成本最小为目标, 协同优化水、铁电煤运输的货运分担率、水路运输任务指派和相应的船舶调度与封存/启用方案; 基于改进列生成算法, 提出了一种可精确求解实际规模电煤船舶调度问题的列生成算法, 利用Gurobi求解列生成的主模型, 使用动态规划标号法求解列生成的子模型; 利用中国南部某火力发电集团的实际数据, 对提出的算法进行了算例分析。计算结果表明: 在中等规模的算例中, 使用提出的改进算法获得最优解仅需73.61 s, 相比于使用基于运输任务运量排序的启发式求解方法(PHA), 求解效率提高了18.1%;在较大规模的算例中, 使用提出算法的计算时间仅为222.02 s, 同比PHA, 计算效率提高了19.1%;通过求解一个实际的调度问题可以发现, 利用提出的优化模型和算法能有效缩短船舶在卸货港的等待时长与船舶处于启用状态的时长, 使运输总成本下降17.13%, 实现了电煤稳定运输, 提升了企业运营效率, 降低了运营成本。
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| 关 键 词： | 交通规划 电煤运输 船舶调度 船舶封存 列生成 港口拥堵 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-02-19 |
Optimization model of electric coal ship scheduling under considering ship storage and port congestion |
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| CHEN Kang,ZHAO Zi-zhou,WU Ming-hao,XIN Xu,CHEN Zi-gen.Optimization model of electric coal ship scheduling under considering ship storage and port congestion[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2020,20(3):178-191. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Kang ZHAO Zi-zhou WU Ming-hao XIN Xu CHEN Zi-gen |
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| Affiliation: | 1.School of Maritime Economics and Management, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China2.School of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China3.School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
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| Abstract: | In view of the actual characteristics of Chinese electric coal water transportation system, the factors of ship storage and port congestion were comprehensively considered, and a mixed integer programming optimization model was established to optimize the scheduling scheme of electric coal ships. Based on the interactive relationship among hard time window of transportation demand, waiting time of ship in unloading port and waterway-railway transportation collaboration, the minimum total cost of the transportation system was taken as objective to collaboratively optimize the freight sharing rates of waterway-railway transportation of electric coal and the task assignment, ship scheduling and storage/commissioning scheme in waterway transportation. Based on the improved column generation algorithm, a column generation algorithm was proposed to accurately solve the actual ship scheduling problem of electric coal transportation. The Gurobi was used to solve the master model generated by the column, and the dynamic programming labeling algorithm was used to solve the sub-model generated by the column. Based on the actual data of a thermal power group in Southern China, an example aimed at the proposed algorithm was analyzed. Calculation result shows that when the proposed algorithm is used to solve the middle-scale example, it takes only 73.61 s to obtain the optimal solution. Compared with the heuristic solution method based on the sequencing of traffic volume in transportation task(PHA), the solution efficiency improves by 18.1%. In a larger-scale example, the calculation time of the proposed algorithm is only 222.02 s, and the computational efficiency increases 19.1% compared with the PHA. In solving an actual scheduling problem, it is found that the proposed optimization model and algorithm can effectively shorten the waiting time of the ship at the unloading port and the active state time of the ship, and reduce the total cost of transportation by 17.13%. Therefore, they can achieve stable transportation of electric coal, improve the operating efficiency of enterprise, and reduce operating cost. |
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