| 基于视觉需求的城市水下特长隧道光环境评价与优化综述 |
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| 引用本文： | 杜志刚,梅家林,倪玉丹,陈逸飞,汤振农.基于视觉需求的城市水下特长隧道光环境评价与优化综述[J].交通运输工程学报,2020,20(6):48-61. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杜志刚 梅家林 倪玉丹 陈逸飞 汤振农 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.武汉理工大学 交通学院, 湖北 武汉 4300632.金华市公路管理局, 浙江 金华 321000 |
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| 基金项目： | 浙江省交通厅科技项目;国家自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 为提高城市水下特长隧道的行车安全和运输效率, 总结了城市水下特长隧道光环境典型问题与改善措施, 分别从舒适性、经济性、设置依据、安装形式等方面对洞口遮光设施、出入口加强照明、景观装饰、视线诱导系统4种隧道光环境改善措施进行了比较分析; 依据马斯洛需求层次理论对驾驶人视觉需求进行分层, 提出了包含事故分析、评价体系、优化思路、优化方法的城市水下特长隧道光环境评价体系与优化研究框架。分析结果表明: 城市水下特长隧道光环境主要有出入口的明暗适应、道路线形变化引起的视距不足、中部的视觉参照信息不足、隧道整体空间路权不清晰的问题; 设置视线诱导系统是一项低成本、有效的光环境优化方法, 能满足驾驶人在不同隧道路段上的视觉差异化需求; 驾驶人视觉需求由低到高可以分为功能性、安全性、舒适性、美观性, 并依次对应相应的基本型、安全型、舒适型、韵律型视觉参照系, 可构建以空间路权、人因与驾驶任务、差异化、韵律性为指标的评价体系来评价城市水下特长隧道光环境; 城市水下特长隧道光环境优化应将视线诱导和加强照明相结合, 主要通过视线诱导系统来重构视觉参照系, 隧道接近段、入口段、中间段普通区、出口段应以舒适型视觉参照系为优化目标, 中间段提醒区及唤醒区则应构建韵律型视觉参照系。
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| 关 键 词： | 交通安全 城市水下特长隧道 光环境 视觉需求 视觉参照系 视线诱导 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-06-19 |
Review on evaluation and optimization of light environment of extra-long urban underwater tunnel based on visual demands |
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| DU Zhi-gang,MEI Jia-lin,NI Yu-dan,CHEN Yi-fei,TANG Zhen-nong.Review on evaluation and optimization of light environment of extra-long urban underwater tunnel based on visual demands[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2020,20(6):48-61. |
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| Authors: | DU Zhi-gang MEI Jia-lin NI Yu-dan CHEN Yi-fei TANG Zhen-nong |
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| Affiliation: | 1.School of Transportation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China2.Jinhua Highway Administration, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China |
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| Abstract: | To improve the traffic safety and transportation efficiency of extra-long urban underwater tunnels, the typical problems and improvement measures of light environment in extra-long urban underwater tunnels were summarized. From the aspects of comfort, economy, setting basis, and installation form, four kinds of improvement measures of light environment of tunnels were compared and analyzed, including shading facilities at the entrance, enhanced lighting at the entrance and exit, landscape decoration, and visual induction system. Drivers' visual demands were stratified according to the theory of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The research framework of the light environment evaluation system and optimization of extra-long urban underwater tunnels was proposed, including the accident analysis, evaluation system, optimization idea, and optimization method. Analysis result shows that the light environment of extra-long urban underwater tunnels mainly has the issues of light and dark adaptation at the entrance and exit, insufficient sight distance caused by changes in the road alignment, the lack of visual reference information in the middle, and the unclear right of way in the overall space of the tunnel. The setting of a visual induction system is a low-cost and effective method to optimize the light environment, which can meet the drivers' visual differentiation needs in different tunnel sections. Drivers' visual demands can be divided into function, safety, comfort, and esthetics from low to high corresponding to the fundamental, safe, comfortable, and rhythmic visual reference systems. The evaluation system can be constructed to evaluate the light environment of extra-long urban underwater tunnels with the indexes of space right of way, human factors, driving tasks, differentiation, and rhythmicity. The light environment optimization of extra-long urban underwater tunnels should combine visual induction with enhanced lighting, while the visual induction system is mainly used to reconstruct the visual reference system. A comfortable visual reference system should be considered as the optimization target in the access zone, threshold zone, interior zone(general area), and exit zone of the tunnel, while the rhythmic visual reference system should be built in the interior reminding and awakening areas. |
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