| 基于小滚轮高频激励的高速列车齿轮箱箱体振动试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 朱海燕,王超文,邬平波,曾京,肖乾.基于小滚轮高频激励的高速列车齿轮箱箱体振动试验[J].交通运输工程学报,2020,20(5):135-150. |
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| 作者姓名： | 朱海燕 王超文 邬平波 曾京 肖乾 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.华东交通大学 机电与车辆工程学院, 江西 南昌 3300132.西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室, 四川 成都 610031 |
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| 基金项目： | 江西省自然科学基金;国家自然科学基金;江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目;牵引动力国家重点实验室自主研究项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究高速列车齿轮箱箱体振动特性和疲劳损伤, 应用小滚轮高频激励台架试验, 将滚轮表面加工成径跳量幅值为0.05 mm的13阶多边形, 可等效成20阶车轮多边形, 研究了某型齿轮箱箱体在不同垂向载荷与速度工况下的振动特性; 通过雨流计数法及Miner线性损伤法则, 分析了齿轮箱箱体单位时间应力累计损伤。研究结果表明: 受齿轮箱箱体共振影响, 不同垂向载荷与速度工况下, 高速列车运行速度为200 km·h-1时, 齿轮箱箱体各测点的垂、横向加速度均方根值均为最小; 当垂向载荷为23 t时, 大部分测点的垂、横向加速度均方根值均为最大; 齿轮箱箱体存在573 Hz的局部固有频率被激发共振, 其原因是试验速度为100 km·h-1时试验台发生共振, 以及试验速度为300 km·h-1时, 受到20阶多边形车轮转频约580 Hz的主频激扰; 车轮初始速度从0加速到200 km·h-1及从300 km·h-1减速至0的速度等级之间时, 齿轮箱箱体各测点的单位时间应力累计损伤波动较大, 其余速度等级段各测点的单位时间应力累计损伤波动很小; 单位时间应力损伤最大值出现在大齿轮箱齿面观察孔, 为3.72×10-10, 损伤最小值位于小齿轮箱轴承正上方, 仅为8.29×10-18。可见, 箱体共振、试验台减速运行、速度等级对齿轮箱箱体振动加速度影响较大; 非共振、试验台不减速运行、相同速度等级下, 垂向载荷对单位时间应力累计损伤影响甚微。
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| 关 键 词： | 高速列车 高频激励 车轮多边形 齿轮箱箱体 振动特性 疲劳损伤 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-03-27 |
High-speed train gearbox housing vibration test based on small roller high-frequency excitation |
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| ZHU Hai-yan,WANG Chao-wen,WU Ping-bo,CENG Jing,XIAO Qian.High-speed train gearbox housing vibration test based on small roller high-frequency excitation[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2020,20(5):135-150. |
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| Authors: | ZHU Hai-yan WANG Chao-wen WU Ping-bo CENG Jing XIAO Qian |
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| Affiliation: | 1.School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China2.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China |
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| Abstract: | To analyze the vibration characteristics and fatigue damage of a high-speed train gearbox housing, a small roller high-frequency excitation test stand was applied to study the vibration characteristics of gearbox housing under different vertical loads and speeds. In the test, the surface of roller was processed to the 13 th-order polygon with a radial jump amplitude of 0.05 mm, which could be equaled to a 20 th-order actual wheel polygon. The stress accumulation damage of gearbox housing per unit time was analyzed by the rain flow counting method and Miner linear damage rule. Analysis result indicates that effected by the resonance of the gearbox housing, the root mean square(RMS) values of transverse and vertical accelerations of each measuring point of the gearbox housing are minimal under different vertical loads and speeds at a running speed of the high-speed train of 200 km·h-1. The RMS values of transverse and vertical accelerations of most measurement points are maximal when the vertical load is 23 t. The resonance of gearbox at the natural frequency of 573 Hz can be stimulated by the resonance frequency of test bench at a test speed of 100 km·h-1 and main excitation frequency of the 20 th-order wheel polygon frequency shift of approximately 580 Hz at a test speed of 300 km·h-1. The cumulative stress damage per unit time at each measuring point of gearbox housing largely fluctuates when the initial speed of wheel is between the speed grades of acceleration from 0 to 200 km·h-1 and deceleration from 300 to 0 km·h-1. The stress cumulative damage per unit time of each measuring point in the other speed grades has small fluctuations. The maximum value of stress damage per unit time is obtained in the tooth surface observation hole of a large gearbox housing, 3.72×10-10, while the minimum damage is located above the bearing of a small gearbox housing, only 8.29×10-18. Thus, the vibration acceleration of gearbox housing is largely affected by the resonance of gearbox and the deceleration operation and speed grades of test stand. However, the vertical load has a small influence on the stress cumulative damage per unit time under the conditions of non-resonance of gearbox housing, without deceleration operation, and the same speed grade of test stand. |
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