| 轨道交通桥梁结构噪声研究综述 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘林芽,宋立忠,秦佳良,刘全民.轨道交通桥梁结构噪声研究综述[J].交通运输工程学报,2021,21(3):1-19. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘林芽 宋立忠 秦佳良 刘全民 |
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| 作者单位： | 华东交通大学 铁路环境振动与噪声教育部工程研究中心，江西 南昌 330013 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目51968025国家自然科学基金项目52008169国家自然科学基金项目52068030 |
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| 摘 要： | 针对运行列车引起的轨道交通桥梁结构噪声问题，总结了国内外轨道交通桥梁结构噪声的辐射特性、预测方法、产生机理、控制措施及工程应用等方面的研究成果，展望了未来的研究重点和发展方向。研究结果表明:轨道交通桥梁结构噪声主要集中于200 Hz以下的低频段，峰值一般出现在40~100 Hz；如何使用更先进的声源识别技术将桥梁结构噪声从综合噪声中分离出来，是准确分析桥梁结构噪声频谱特性和空间分布特性的关键；现有的桥梁结构噪声预测方法包括声学边界元法、统计能量分析等，声学边界元法的计算效率较低，统计能量分析主要用于钢桥噪声预测，发展大跨度混凝土桥梁结构噪声预测方法是当务之急；桥梁结构噪声峰值主要与桥梁结构的中高频局部振动特性和轮轨系统输入到桥梁结构的振动能量有关，桥梁的中高频局部振动特性对声辐射特性的影响机理尚未形成统一认识；目前常用的桥梁结构噪声控制措施有轨道减振措施和桥梁减振措施2类，桥梁减振措施对结构噪声的控制效果一般，轨道减振措施虽然能够有效降低桥梁结构噪声辐射，但同时可能引起轮轨噪声与道床二次结构噪声的增大，建议在保证经济性的条件下，综合运用各种控制措施，以取得最优的降噪效果。
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| 关 键 词： | 轨道交通 桥梁结构噪声 减振降噪 研究进展 工程应用 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-12-27 |
Review on structure-borne noise of rail transit bridges |
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| LIU Lin-ya,SONG Li-zhong,QIN Jia-liang,LIU Quan-min.Review on structure-borne noise of rail transit bridges[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2021,21(3):1-19. |
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| Authors: | LIU Lin-ya SONG Li-zhong QIN Jia-liang LIU Quan-min |
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| Affiliation: | Engineering Research Center of Railway Environmental Vibration and Noise of Ministry of Education, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China |
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| Abstract: | Domestic and foreign studies on the structure-borne noise of rail transit bridges were summarized from aspects of radiation characteristic, prediction method, generation mechanism, control measure and engineering application, focusing on the structure-borne noise caused by trains passing through rail transit bridges. Future research focus and developmental directions were highlighted. Research results show that structure-borne noise of rail transit bridges concentrates mainly on low-frequency bands below 200 Hz and peaks at 40-100 Hz. The key to analyzing the spectral and spatial distribution characteristics of bridge structure-borne noise accurately depends on separating the bridge structure-borne noise from all noise types by using more advanced noise-source identification technology. Existing methods for predicting the bridge structure-borne noise mainly include the acoustic boundary element method (BEM) and statistical energy analysis (SEA). The BEM has low computational efficiency, whereas SEA is mainly used for predicting the noise from steel bridges. The main objective is to develop a method for predicting the noise of long-span concrete bridges. The peak of bridge structure-borne noise is mainly associated with the medium- and high-frequency local vibration characteristics of bridges and the vibration energy input by the wheel-rail system into bridges. A universal agreement on how the medium- and high-frequency local vibration characteristics of bridges influencing the acoustic radiation characteristics has not been reached. Currently, the widely used noise control techniques for bridge structures can be divided into vibration mitigation measures for rails and bridges. The vibration mitigation techniques for bridges do not effectively control the structure-borne noise. The vibration mitigation measures for rails can effectively reduce the acoustic radiation from bridges but may increase the wheel-rail noise and the secondary structure-borne noise of ballast beds. It is recommended that various control approaches are combined to achieve the optimal noise reduction while guaranteeing the economic efficiency. 13 figs, 92 refs. |
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