| 轮轨系统的现状与展望 |
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| 引用本文： | 沈钢,毛鑫,毛文力,董强强,尹相琴.轮轨系统的现状与展望[J].交通运输工程学报,2022,22(1):42-57. |
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| 作者姓名： | 沈钢 毛鑫 毛文力 董强强 尹相琴 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.同济大学 铁道与城市轨道交通研究院，上海 2018042.中国铁路上海局集团有限公司 上海大型养路机械运用检修段，上海 2004393.中国铁路上海局集团有限公司 上海动车段，上海 2018124.云南汇通成铁路设备有限公司，云南 昆明 650220 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划;国家科技支撑计划 |
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| 摘 要： | 总结了现有传统钢轮钢轨式轮轨系统的工程问题、研究现状和工程处理方法; 分析了钢轨波磨和车轮不圆的形成和发展机理，对困扰高铁的踏面凹磨问题提出了创新性治理设想; 拟通过轮轨系统的廓形设计-磨损评价-磨损治理的系统化革新思路，获得既安全又经济的线路条件个性最优化方案; 总结和展望了目前轮轨系统的打磨和镟轮，讨论了轮轨系统的检测方法; 提出了避免过度检测的新思路，并预测了轮轨系统的未来发展前景。分析结果表明:钢轨波磨和车轮失圆的机理都出于轮轨系统的参激振动与切向轮轨磨损的耦合，在交变正压力和切向磨损同相位作用下，使凸起区域的磨损低于凹下区域的磨损; 高铁的凹磨问题是轮轨在高速直线上和超大半径曲线上，轮轨处于非常微小的横向扰动，又在非常平顺的线路下发生镶嵌磨损，即轮轨接触部分廓形发生相互拷贝式磨损; 低速城轨系统轮缘侧面磨损是由于在较小曲线半径上运行时，在较大的横向蠕滑作用下引起轮缘的导向作用而为，其踏面不易发生凹磨; 钢轨和道岔的各种病害与轴重和冲击载荷有关，其疲劳破坏以局部应力过大下的低周疲劳为主; 随着车辆速度和轴重的提高，轮轨系统仅在车辆侧和轨道侧进行优化已达到极限，只有相互联合优化才能深入发掘潜力，继续维持轮轨交通的应用价值。
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| 关 键 词： | 轨道交通 轮轨系统 轮轨维护 踏面/钢轨外形设计 旋轮 打磨 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-10-10 |
Status and future trend of wheel/rail system |
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| SHEN Gang,MAO Xin,MAO Wen-li,DONG Qiang-qiang,YIN Xiang-qin.Status and future trend of wheel/rail system[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2022,22(1):42-57. |
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| Authors: | SHEN Gang MAO Xin MAO Wen-li DONG Qiang-qiang YIN Xiang-qin |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Institute of Rail Transit, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China2.Shanghai Large Road Maintenance Machinery Operation and Maintenance Section, China Railway Shanghai Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200439, China3.Shanghai Depot for EMU, China Railway Shanghai Croup Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201812, Chin4.Yunnan Hui-Tong-Cheng Railway Equipment Co., Ltd., Kunming 650220, Yunnan, China |
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| Abstract: | The current engineering problems, present progress in research, and engineering treatment methods of existed traditional steel wheel rail type wheel/rail system were summarized. The formation and propagation mechanisms of rail corrugation and wheel out-of-roundness were analyzed, and innovative suggestions for addressing the tread hollow wear problems of high-speed trains were made. A personalized optimal strategy was formulated based on the systematic novel idea of obtaining safe and economical railway conditions through the profile design, wear evaluation, and wear control of wheel/rail system. For current rail grinding and wheel reprofiling, a summary and a discussion of future trends were presented. Based on a discussion of wheel/rail system detection methods, suggestions were made to avoid excessive detections, and the future development trend of wheel/rail system was predicted. Analysis results show that the mechanisms of rail corrugation and wheel out-of-roundness are both the coupling of parametric excitation and wheel/rail tangential wear of wheel/rail system. The wear on the hump zone is higher than that of the concave zone together with the coupling phase of variable normal force and tangential wear. In the case of the tread hollow wear of high-speed trains, the trouble seems to be caused by the inlaying wear on the very small wheelset/track interaction on the straight track with high speed and super large-radius curved track, which can be based on the copy-type wear of wheel and rail treads during the highly stable wheelset/track lateral movement. The cause of wheel flange wear of low-speed trains appears to be the flange guiding action together with the large lateral creep force on the radius of the sharp curved track. The hollow wear of the tread does not easily form. Various rail and turnout problems are usually related to the load bearing and impact. Its fatigue failure is mainly the low-frequency high-stress fatigue failures. With the increase in the running speed and axle load, the limitation of optimization on the wheel and rail side reaches its maximum. Thus, only through systematic optimization between wheel and rail can their potential be realized and the application value of the rail system be maintained. 7 tabs, 14 figs, 60 refs. |
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