| 基于阻燃抑烟的纳米黏土改性沥青综述 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨小龙,申爱琴,蒋宜馨,吴寒松,王广琛.基于阻燃抑烟的纳米黏土改性沥青综述[J].交通运输工程学报,2021,21(5):42-61. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨小龙 申爱琴 蒋宜馨 吴寒松 王广琛 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.广西大学 土木建筑工程学院，广西 南宁 5300042.长安大学 公路学院，陕西 西安 710064 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目5207850陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目2020JZ-22吉林省交通运输科技项目2018-1-8 |
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| 摘 要： | 分析了沥青材料的热解燃烧特性，总结了沥青材料阻燃抑烟性能测试方法，归纳了国内外常用的沥青阻燃剂类型及其优缺点；论述了隧道沥青材料常用的阻燃技术，评析了纳米改性沥青阻燃抑烟机理；探讨了纳米黏土对沥青材料高低温性能、水稳定性及老化性能等路用性能的影响，展望了未来隧道阻燃抑烟沥青材料的研究方向。研究结果表明: 用于隧道沥青材料阻燃剂应具有良好的协同阻燃抑烟效应，而金属氢氧化物和纳米材料具有较大的应用潜力；沥青材料的阻燃抑烟性能测试主要参考聚合物阻燃测试方法，这些试验方法与沥青路面真实燃烧状态明显不符，亟需补充和完善沥青材料阻燃抑烟性能测试方法和标准；以纳米黏土为代表的纳米改性材料对热沥青的烟气释放具有显著的抑制作用，但目前研究主要集中于纳米材料和聚合物复合材料的阻燃机理方面，针对纳米改性沥青的阻燃抑烟机理缺乏系统性研究；纳米黏土可显著改善沥青的高温、水稳及老化性能，对低温性能的影响方面，国内外研究存在较大争议；应将热拌沥青混合料烟气控制技术、金属氢氧化物和纳米黏土协同阻燃技术及沥青材料阻燃性能测试方法等方面作为隧道阻燃抑烟沥青材料未来的重点研究方向。
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| 关 键 词： | 沥青路面 阻燃抑烟 氢氧化物 纳米黏土 阻燃机理 试验方法 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-05-25 |
Review on nano clay modified asphalt based on flame retardant and smoke suppression |
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| YANG Xiao-long,SHEN Ai-qin,JIANG Yi-xin,WU Han-song,WANG Guang-chen.Review on nano clay modified asphalt based on flame retardant and smoke suppression[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2021,21(5):42-61. |
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| Authors: | YANG Xiao-long SHEN Ai-qin JIANG Yi-xin WU Han-song WANG Guang-chen |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China2.School of Highway, Changan University, Xian 710064, Shaanxi, China |
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| Abstract: | The pyrolysis combustion mechanism of asphalt material was analyzed, and the test methods for flame-retardant and smoke-suppression performance of asphalt materials were concluded. The types, advantages, and disadvantages of commonly used asphalt flame retardants in domestic and overseas were investigated. The commonly used flame-retardant technologies of tunnel asphalt materials were studied, and the flame-retardant and smoke-suppression mechanism of nano-modified asphalt was evaluated. The influence of nano-clay on the road performance of asphalt materials was examined in terms of the high- and low-temperature performances, moisture stability, and aging performance. Moreover, the future research directions for flame-retardant and smoke-suppression asphalt materials for tunnels were assessed. Research results show that the flame retardant used in tunnel asphalt materials should have high synergistic flame-retardant and smoke-suppression effects, and the metal hydroxide and nano materials have great application potential. The flame-retardant and smoke-suppression performance testing of asphalt materials mainly includes polymer flame-retardant test methods, but these methods are inconsistent with the actual combustion state of asphalt pavement. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the flame-retardant and smoke-suppression performance test methods and standards for asphalt materials. Nano-modified materials, such as the nano clay, significantly inhibit the smoke release of hot asphalt. However, current research mainly focuses on the flame-retardant mechanism of nano-materials and polymers, and there is a lack of systematic research on the flame-retardant and smoke-suppression mechanism of nano-modified asphalt. Nano clay significantly improves the high-temperature, moisture stability, and aging performances of asphalt, but there is controversy in the study of low-temperature performance in domestic and overseas. Investigating the technology for the smoke control of hot mix asphalt mixture, metal hydroxide and nano-clay synergistic flame-retardant technology, and flame-retardant performance test methods for asphalt materials should be the focuses of future research on tunnel flame-retardant and smoke-suppression asphalt materials. 3 tabs, 8 figs, 144 refs. |
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