| 制氢方法的评价及对氢燃料电池汽车推广的影响研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘青山,兰凤崇,陈吉清,王俊峰.制氢方法的评价及对氢燃料电池汽车推广的影响研究[J].中国公路学报,2022,35(11):295-309. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘青山 兰凤崇 陈吉清 王俊峰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 华南理工大学 机械与汽车工程学院, 广东 广州 510640;2. 华南理工大学 广东省汽车工程重点实验室, 广东 广州 510640 |
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| 基金项目： | 广东省科技项目（2015B010137002）；广东省自然科学基金项目（2021A15150912） |
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| 摘 要： | 氢燃料电池汽车（FCV）是未来交通运输的理想解决方案，由于其在使用过程中仅消耗氢气，寻找对资源、能源和环境影响最小的氢气来源，对交通运输行业的节能减排具有重要意义。分析和评估了4种不同的制氢方法，通过建立FCV燃料循环的全生命周期评估数学模型，并与GaBi软件的基础数据库相结合，实现对FCV的全生命周期评价。选择丰田MIRAI FCV作为实例对象，对所建立模型的有效性进行验证。基于建立的评价模型，对FCV生命周期的各个阶段进行评价，探讨不同制氢方法对资源、能源和环境的影响，研究中国电力结构和制氢效率改进对电解水制氢法的积极作用，分析了以不同清洁能源作为电力来源时对电解水制氢法的影响程度。在对中国的人口、能源分布情况和能源结构变化趋势进行分析后，结合建立的清洁能源电价预测数学模型，提出了短期内适合推广FCV的区域，明确了考虑环境成本时的各区域推荐的制氢方法或清洁能源发电类型，给出了考虑经济成本时的各区域在当前和未来30年内推荐的清洁能源发电类型。通过所建立的生命周期评价模型和清洁能源电价预测模型，确定当前阶段的最佳制氢方法，发现了中国当前电力结构存在的问题，明确未来中国各地区能源结构发展的方向。研究结果表明：只有以清洁能源发电作为电力来源时，电解水制氢法才是未来大规模制氢的理想方案，清洁能源使用优先级顺序为核能、水电、风能；人口密度小于150人·km-2的地区（除中心城市外）未来一段时间内不应大面积推广FCV，推广的重点应该在中国的东南部地区。
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| 关 键 词： | 汽车工程 氢燃料电池 全生命周期评价 制氢方法 清洁能源发电 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-09-16 |
Evaluation of Hydrogen Production Methods and Their Influence on the Promotion of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles |
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| LIU Qing-shan,LAN Feng-chong,CHEN Ji-qing,WANG Jun-feng.Evaluation of Hydrogen Production Methods and Their Influence on the Promotion of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2022,35(11):295-309. |
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| Authors: | LIU Qing-shan LAN Feng-chong CHEN Ji-qing WANG Jun-feng |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China;2. Key Laboratory of Automotive Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China |
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| Abstract: | Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (FCV) is an ideal solution for future transportation. Because it consumes only hydrogen during use, finding a hydrogen source with the least impact on resources, energy, and the environment is of great significance for energy conservation and emission reduction in the transportation industry. In this study, we analyzed and evaluated four different hydrogen production methods by first establishing a full life cycle assessment mathematical model for the FCV fuel cycle and then combining it with the basic database of GaBi software, the full life cycle assessment of FCV was realized. The Toyota MIRAI FCV was selected as the empirical object to verify the validity of the model. Based on the established evaluation model, the various stages of the FCV life cycle were evaluated, and the impact of different hydrogen production methods on resources, energy, and the environment was discussed. Furthermore, we studied the positive effects of China's power structure and hydrogen production efficiency improvement on the hydrogen production from electrolysis of water. Moreover, we analyzed the influence of different clean energy sources on hydrogen production from electrolysis of water. After analyzing China's population, energy distribution, and energy structure change trends, combined with the established clean energy electricity price prediction mathematical model, the areas suitable for the promotion of FCV in the short term were proposed, the recommended hydrogen production method or clean energy generation type for each region considering environmental costs were specified, and the recommended clean energy generation type for each region considering economic costs for the current and next 30 years were given. Through the established life cycle assessment model and clean electrical energy price prediction model, the best hydrogen production method at the current stage was determined. Furthermore, the problems existing in China's current power structure were studied. Based on this, the development direction of the energy structure of various regions in China in the future was clarified. The results show that the electrolysis of water for hydrogen production is an ideal solution for large-scale hydrogen production in the future only when clean energy generation is used as the power source. The priority order of clean energy use should be:nuclear power, hydropower and wind power. Areas with a population density of less than 150 people per square kilometer (except central cities) should not promote FCV on a large scale in the future, and the focus of promotion should be in the southeastern region of China. |
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| Keywords: | automotive engineering hydrogen fuel cell life cycle assessment hydrogen production method clean energy power generation |
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