| 电动汽车充电站规划研究综述 |
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| 引用本文： | 王震坡,张瑾,刘鹏,张照生.电动汽车充电站规划研究综述[J].中国公路学报,2022,35(12):230-252. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王震坡 张瑾 刘鹏 张照生 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 北京理工大学 电动车辆国家工程研究中心, 北京 100081;2. 北京理工大学 电动车辆协同创新中心, 北京 100081;3. 北京理工大学 重庆创新中心, 重庆 401120 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2501600);国家留学基金委项目(202006030042) |
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| 摘 要： | 新能源汽车尤其是电动汽车已在全球范围内得到广泛推广应用，从而带来了巨大的充电需求。同时，部分充电站规划不合理导致充电站空间布局和服务容量与实际充电需求不匹配，充电站利用率低和用户充电不便并存的现象已经成为了电动汽车产业痛点。充电站的合理布局规划是优化电动汽车使用体验和充电体验、降低用户“里程焦虑”、提高充电桩利用率、优化城市电动汽车交通网络和电力网络的关键，也成为当前电动汽车及智能交通领域急需解决的问题。为提供该领域较为全面的综述视角，首先概述电动汽车充电站的发展情况、设施类型、相关标准，总结从“车端”、“站端”出发的电动汽车充电需求估计方法，然后从选址、定容、求解算法维度分析充电站规划模型，列举国内外在多优化目标、多约束条件、多阶段规划的覆盖模型、截流模型等规划模型中的研究成果，以及在各经典模拟网络和实际城市环境中的测试、应用情况，最后对目前充电站规划领域存在的充电需求估计准确性、充电站与未来需求的匹配度等问题进行总结，对“车-桩-路-网”互联时代下充分利用电动汽车的分布式储能、灵活充放电的特征进行有序充电引导、新能源消纳、电网削峰填谷的协同规划发展应用前景进行展望。
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| 关 键 词： | 汽车工程 电动汽车 综述 充电站 选址定容 规划方法 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-03-24 |
Overview of Planning of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations |
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| WANG Zhen-po,ZHANG Jin,LIU Peng,ZHANG Zhao-sheng.Overview of Planning of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2022,35(12):230-252. |
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| Authors: | WANG Zhen-po ZHANG Jin LIU Peng ZHANG Zhao-sheng |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;2. Beijing Co-innovation Center for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;3. Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China |
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| Abstract: | The wide promotion and application of new-energy vehicles, especially electric ones, has resulted in huge charging demands. However, owing to the unreasonable planning of some charging stations, the spatial layout and service capacity of charging stations do not match the actual charging demands, and the coexistence of a low utilization rate of charging stations and inconvenient charging for users has become a significant problem in the electric vehicle industry. Reasonable location and deployment planning of charging stations is essential to optimize the usage and charging experience of electric vehicles, alleviate the “mileage anxiety” of users, improve the utilization rate of charging piles, and optimize the urban transportation and power grid network. This problem must also be solved in the field of intelligent transportation. To provide a more comprehensive overview of the problem, the development, types, and standards of charging stations are reviewed, and the charging demand estimation and prediction methods used on the “vehicle side” “ and “station side” are described. Then, charging station planning methods are analyzed from the perspectives of siting, sizing, and solutions. Research results on multiobjective, multiconstraint, and multiperiod covering models and flow-based models, as well as their application to simulation networks and actual city environments, are listed. Finally, existing problems in current research, including the accuracy of charging demand estimation and the match of charging stations to demands, are summarized. The coordinated planning for orderly charging guidance, new energy consumption, and “cut peak and fill valley” of the grid to make full use of the characteristics of distributed energy storage and flexible charging and discharging of electric vehicles in the era of vehicle-pile-road-grid interconnection is also discussed. |
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| Keywords: | automotive engineering electric vehicle review charging station siting and sizing planning method |
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