| 平直高速公路低交通量下L2自动驾驶对驾驶人心理负荷的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘卓凡,丁涛,吴付威,张海伦.平直高速公路低交通量下L2自动驾驶对驾驶人心理负荷的影响[J].中国公路学报,2022,35(4):256-266. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘卓凡 丁涛 吴付威 张海伦 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西安邮电大学 现代邮政学院, 陕西 西安 710061;2. 长安大学 汽车运输安全保障技术 交通行业重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710064;3. 长安大学 汽车学院, 陕西 西安 710064 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(52002319);汽车运输安全保障技术交通行业重点实验室开放课题项目(300102229508);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JQ-706) |
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| 摘 要： | 为研究驾驶人在L2自动驾驶模式下的心理负荷特性，设计了正常驾驶和次任务驾驶2种状态，进行实车高速道路试验，采集21名被试驾驶人在2种驾驶状态下分别选择手动驾驶和自动驾驶模式的眼动数据、次任务绩效和主观评价数据。采用重复测量一般线性模型，分析不同驾驶模式对上述参数的影响，从客观和主观两方面分析驾驶人的心理负荷变化。结果表明：驾驶人执行视觉次任务时，眨眼时长缩短，眨眼频率降低，注视次任务时长较长；而驾驶人在L2自动驾驶模式下执行视觉次任务时眨眼频率会增加，注视次任务时长缩短，对仪表盘的注意力增加，对道路前方和视觉次任务的观察减少，次任务操作的正确率降低，丢失率增加。驾驶人在正常驾驶状态下选择L2自动驾驶会增加眨眼时长、缩短注视道路前方时长，过多关注与驾驶无关区域。另外，驾驶人在L2自动驾驶模式下的体力需求、时间需求和努力程度均有所降低，总体主观感知的心理负荷为手动驾驶模式下的85.7%；但在视觉次任务驾驶状态下，两者之间无显著性差异。说明视觉次任务会增加心理负荷，L2自动驾驶可以降低视觉次任务引起的视觉负荷；但驾驶人需要在道路前方、视觉次任务和仪表盘三者之间转换注意力，可能会增加认知负荷，降低次任务绩效。正常驾驶状态下，L2自动驾驶可以降低驾驶人心理负荷和获取信息的难度，但也可能会让驾驶人产生无聊感。总体来讲，L2自动驾驶在正常驾驶状态下可降低心理负荷，而当有视觉次任务时则对心理负荷影响不大。
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| 关 键 词： | 交通工程 心理负荷 实车道路试验 L2自动驾驶 视觉次任务 眼动 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-03-30 |
Impact of Level-2 Autonomous Driving Mode on Drivers' Mental Workload Under Low Traffic Volume of Straight Motorway |
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| LIU Zhuo-fan,DING Tao,WU Fu-wei,ZHANG Hai-lun.Impact of Level-2 Autonomous Driving Mode on Drivers' Mental Workload Under Low Traffic Volume of Straight Motorway[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2022,35(4):256-266. |
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| Authors: | LIU Zhuo-fan DING Tao WU Fu-wei ZHANG Hai-lun |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Modern Postal College, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China;2. Key Laboratory for Automobile Transportation Safety Technology, Ministry of Transport, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China;3. School of Automobile, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China |
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| Abstract: | To explore the characteristics of drivers' mental load in L2 autonomous driving mode, two driving states of normal and secondary task driving were designed, and a real-vehicle test was performed on a straight motorway. The eye movement data of 21 participants, along with performance of secondary tasks and subjective data were collected in manual driving mode and autonomous driving mode. The repeated linear model was used to analyze the influence of different driving modes on the above parameters. The driving workload changes were evaluated from both objective and subjective perspectives. The results show that when drivers perform secondary tasks, the blink duration becomes shorter, blink frequency reduces, and fixation duration on secondary task is longer. While the blink frequency increases, and fixation duration on secondary task reduces significantly when the drivers perform secondary tasks in autonomous driving mode. In addition, drivers are found to pay lesser attention to front road with increased chances of glancing at the dashboard. Moreover, the accuracy of performing secondary tasks is lower and the miss rate is higher. In contrast, when the drivers drive in L2 autonomous driving mode without secondary tasks, the blink duration becomes longer and fixation duration on front road is reduced; more attention is paid to other areas that are unrelated to driving. Additionally, the drivers' physical, temporal, and effort level demands in the autonomous driving mode are lower. The overall subjective perceived mental workload is 85.7% of that in the manual driving mode. However, in the secondary task driving state, no significant difference is observed between the two driving modes. It suggests that executing secondary tasks increases the driving workload, and L2 autonomous driving can reduce the visual load caused by secondary tasks. However, drivers have to switch their attention among front road, secondary tasks, and dashboard, which may increase the cognitive load and reduce the secondary task performance. When there is no visual secondary task, L2 autonomous driving can reduce the drivers' mental workload and difficulty of obtaining information; however, it may also subject the drivers to boredom. In summary, L2 autonomous driving can reduce mental workload under normal driving conditions, but has little effect on mental workload when visual secondary tasks are involved. |
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| Keywords: | traffic engineering driving workload real vehicle road test level-2 autonomous driving visual secondary task eye movement |
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