| 城市多模式公交网络拓扑结构与布局均衡性研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 裴玉龙,金英群,常铮.城市多模式公交网络拓扑结构与布局均衡性研究[J].中国公路学报,2021,34(1):127-138. |
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| 作者姓名： | 裴玉龙 金英群 常铮 |
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| 作者单位： | 东北林业大学交通学院, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金重点项目(51638004);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1600902)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究城市多模式公交网络的均衡性,实现其量化测度,界定了公交网络均衡性内涵,从网络拓扑结构及其道路布局两方面入手开展研究。分析并总结了传统网络拓扑建模方法存在的不足,考虑公交线路双向路径与运能差异,提出增广Space L网络模型,建立了其矩阵表示与拓扑结构表征指标;着眼于公交网络与城市道路的依赖与伴生关系,建立了P-R二分网络模型,从线路和运能两方面构造了其矩阵表示及表征指标,并阐释了各指标的现实意义。为避免单一指标评价产生片面性结果的风险,提出了Gini系数与Atkinson指数相结合的均衡性测度思路,考虑指数分布的普遍性,构造了面向公交网络均衡性分析的Lorenz曲线拟合通式,优化了Gini系数求解方法;引入Atkinson指数,以适中的敏感性与区分度为期望,给出平等偏好参数建议值ε=1.5,结合表征指标的离散性,建立了Atkinson指数优化计算方法。以南京市主城区多模式公交网络为案例,建立了空间地理信息数据库并开展建模分析,基于表征指标分布,证实了公交网络有向处理的必要性,指出南京公交网络发展存在典型的"马太效应";构造了各表征指标的Lorenz曲线,验证了拟合通式的合理性与有效性;求得各表征指标Gini系数与Atkinson指数值。测度结果表明：南京公交网络布局及其对道路空间的利用相对均衡且合理,但运能分布略欠均衡,公交网络效率与可达性的实现对极少数路段的依赖性较高,集中于区域间联络性道路;ε=1.5时,Atkinson指数与Gini系数的评级结果无明显分歧,但具体测度值显示出一定区分度,前者具有更高的敏感度,证实了二者在公交网络均衡性测度中的有效性与互补性。
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| 关 键 词： | 交通工程 均衡性 二分网络 公共交通 Gini系数 Atkinson指数 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-11-10 |
Equilibrium of Topology and Layout of Urban Multimode Public Transit Network |
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| PEI Yu-long,JIN Ying-qun,CHANG Zheng.Equilibrium of Topology and Layout of Urban Multimode Public Transit Network[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2021,34(1):127-138. |
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| Authors: | PEI Yu-long JIN Ying-qun CHANG Zheng |
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| Affiliation: | School of Traffic and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China |
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| Abstract: | The concept of equilibrium of an urban multimode public transit network was defined in this study to explore the equilibrium of the public transit network and measure the equilibrium quantitatively.This study was carried out in two aspects: the topology and the on-road layout of the network. The limitations of the traditional modeling method in network topology were analyzed and summarized. The augmented Space L network model was proposed,considering the differences in the routes of two-way transit lines and the public transport capacity to establish its matrix representation and topology characteristic indexes. The P-R bipartite network was established,focusing on the relationships of dependence and accompaniment between the public transit network and the urban roads. The matrix representation and characteristic indexes were constructed from two aspects of the route and the transport capacity,and the practical significance of each index was analyzed. The equilibrium measurement technique was proposed,in which the Gini coefficient and Atkinson index were combined to prevent the risk of obtaining one-sided results through a single index evaluation. By considering the universality of the exponential distribution,the general analytical equation of the Lorenz curve for the equilibrium analysis of the public transit network was constructed to optimize the Gini coefficient. Subsequently,the Atkinson index was introduced. With the expectation of moderate sensitivity and differentiation,the recommended value of the equity preference parameter( ε = 1. 5) was used. The optimized calculation method for obtaining the Atkinson index was applied,considering the discreteness of each characteristic index.Taking the multimode public transit network in the main urban area of Nanjing as an example,the spatial geographic information database was constructed,and the modeling analysis was performed. Based on the characteristic index distributions,the necessity of directed processing was confirmed,and a typical Matthew effect was observed in the development of the Nanjing public transit network. The Lorenz curve corresponding to each characteristic index was constructed,which verified the rationality and effectiveness of the general analytical equation. The Gini coefficient and Atkinson index corresponding to each characteristic index were obtained subsequently. The measurement results show that the layout and its road space utilization in the Nanjing public transit network are relatively satisfactory,but the distribution of the public transport capacity is slightly unbalanced. The efficiency and accessibility of the public transit network are highly dependent on a few road sections,which mainly comprise inter-regional connecting roads. When ε = 1. 5,there is no significant difference between the grading results obtained using the Atkinson index and the Gini coefficient. However,differences exist between either of the specific measured values,such that the Atkinson index has a higher sensitivity,which proves the effectiveness and complementarity of the two used in the equilibrium measurement of the public transit network. |
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| Keywords: | traffic engineering equilibrium bipartite network public transport Gini coefficient Atkinson index |
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