| 基于柴油机万有特性分析的进出口独立控制挖掘机节能研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨敬,张晓刚,权龙,董致新,耿亚杰,杨睿哲.基于柴油机万有特性分析的进出口独立控制挖掘机节能研究[J].中国公路学报,2019,32(3):182-190. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨敬 张晓刚 权龙 董致新 耿亚杰 杨睿哲 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 太原理工大学 新型传感器与智能控制教育部与山西省重点实验室, 山西 太原 030024;
2. 甘肃农业大学 资源与环境学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（U1510206） |
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| 摘 要： | 挖掘机采用泵阀复合进出口独立控制液压系统较传统抗流量饱和的负载敏感系统(LUDV)可显著降低阀口工作压差,提高能量利用效率,同时降低柴油机转速及其扭矩输出,改善柴油机的燃油经济性,但在动臂下降、回转制动工况时液压系统功率输出较小,柴油机工作于低负荷工况,尚有较大节油空间。为优化柴油机工作区域,进一步提高泵阀复合进出口独立控制挖掘机的整机经济性,提出基于柴油机万有特性分析的柴油机-液压泵功率匹配方案。通过对比泵阀复合进出口独立控制系统与LUDV系统的动臂工作特性和回转特性,明确动臂单动作、回转单动作时的功率范围,并依据柴油机万有特性曲线,分析2个系统在相应工况时柴油机的工作区域,指出对于泵阀复合进出口独立控制系统,当动臂下降、回转制动时,柴油机输出功率远小于1 800 r·min-1所对应的额定功率。为改善此工况时柴油机的经济性,基于柴油机三缸工作模式和柴油机两缸工作模的万有特性曲线,确定功率匹配的控制策略,当挖掘机动臂举升时,柴油机全部气缸工作,动臂下降时,柴油机采用两缸工作模式;当以最大半径回转启动时,柴油机全部气缸工作;以最小半径回转启动时,柴油机采用三缸工作模式;回转制动阶段,柴油机工作于两缸模式。建立整机动力系统试验平台,进行动力性和经济性比较试验。试验结果表明:在满足的动力性的前提下,采用柴油机多个气缸停缸技术,动臂单动作举升过程中降低燃油消耗20%,在最大半径回转过程中,可降低燃油消耗40%,在最小半径回转过程中,燃油消耗降低20%,节能效果明显。
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| 关 键 词： | 机械工程 功率匹配 进出口独立控制 停缸 柴油机 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-05-03 |
Energy Saving of Excavator with Separate Meter-in and Meter-out Circuits Based on Analysis of Diesel Engine Universal Characteristic |
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| YANG Jing,ZHANG Xiao-gang,QUAN Long,DONG Zhi-xin,GENG Ya-jie,YANG Rui-zhe.Energy Saving of Excavator with Separate Meter-in and Meter-out Circuits Based on Analysis of Diesel Engine Universal Characteristic[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2019,32(3):182-190. |
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| Authors: | YANG Jing ZHANG Xiao-gang QUAN Long DONG Zhi-xin GENG Ya-jie YANG Rui-zhe |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Advance Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China;
2. School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China |
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| Abstract: | Compared with the traditional LUDV (load-independent flow distribution system) system, an excavator with a pump and valve combined with a separate meter-in and meter-out circuit can significantly decrease pressure losses through the valve and improve energy efficiency. The speed and output torque of the diesel engine decrease simultaneously, and the fuel economy of the engine is improved. While the power consumption of the hydraulic system is lower during the boom declined and the swing brake, the diesel engine can work under low-load conditions. To optimize the working area of the diesel engine and further improve the economy of the excavator the operating ranges of the diesel engine to further improve the whole machine economy of the excavator with pump and valve combined separate meter-in and meter-out circuit, a diesel-hydraulic pump power matching scheme is proposed based on the analysis of the universal characteristics of a diesel engine. By comparing the working characteristics of the boom and the swing characteristics of the pump and valve combined with a separate meter-in and meter-out circuit and LUDV system, the power range of the boom action and swing action were specified, and the working area of the diesel engine under the corresponding conditions for these two system were analyzed according to the universal characteristic curve. The output power of the diesel engine is much lower than the power rating at 1 800 r·min-1. To improve the economy of diesel engine in these conditions, based on the universal characteristics curves of diesel engine In three-cylinder mode (the first cylinder is stopped in which fuel is off)， two-cylinder mode(the first and the fourth cylinder are stopped in which fuel is off),the control strategy of power matching was established. The diesel engine worked with all the cylinders during lifting boom and worked in the two-cylinder mode in declining boom. The diesel engine worked with all the cylinders during swing with the maximum turning radius, while it worked in the three-cylinder mode during launch with minimum turning radius and in the two-cylinder mode during swing braking. A power system test platform was established and comparison experiments with corresponding conditions of the dynamic and economic were tested. The test results show that in the premise of satisfying the power performance, the fuel consumption of the diesel engine can be reduced by 20% during the process of single action lifting of the boom, by 40% during the process of swing with maximum radius, and by 20% during the process of swing with minimum radius when the cylinder deactivation of diesel engine was adopted. |
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| Keywords: | mechanical engineering power match separate meter-in and meter-out cylinder deactivation diesel engine |
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