| 带出口匝道城市隧道通风特性比尺模型试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 张欣,黄志义,张天航,张驰,康诚,吴珂.带出口匝道城市隧道通风特性比尺模型试验[J].中国公路学报,2019,32(5):123-131. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张欣 黄志义 张天航 张驰 康诚 吴珂 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 浙江大学 建筑工程学院, 浙江 杭州 310058;2. 西安石油大学 电子工程学院, 陕西 西安 710065;3. 浙江大学 浙江省海洋岩土工程与材料重点实验室, 浙江 杭州 310058 |
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| 基金项目： | 浙江省自然科学基金项目（LY19E080028）；浙江省重点研发计划项目（2018C03029）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2017QNA4023） |
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| 摘 要： | 通风特性是影响城市隧道内外环境的关键,为深入研究带出口匝道城市隧道风量及风量分配的变化规律,获得隧道总风量及分流比的高效控制策略,基于相似理论,设计并搭建总长为38 m的1/20带匝道隧道通风比尺模型,研制可实现8台模型风机联动的变频控制系统、16个断面的速度及压力数据的实时测量与自动采集系统(该系统在风速u≥2.5 m·s-1时,比尺模型同步满足阻力、惯性力和压力相似准则),进行各通风段射流升压力变化对隧道内风量及风量分配的影响试验。结果表明:隧道主线通风段与匝道通风段风量存在联动耦合效应,当调节某通风段射流升压力时,该通风段及与之串联的通风段风量均随着射流升压力的增大而增大,与之并联的通风段,风量随射流升压力的增大而减小;总风量和分流比分别是影响城市隧道内、外环境的关键因素,调节分流前主线段射流升压力不改变分流比,但对控制隧道总风量变化最为高效,单位射流升压力作用下的总风量变化幅度达1.43%·(N·m-2)-1;调节分流后主线段或匝道段射流升压力对隧道总风量的影响有限,但能有效控制分流比,单位射流升压力作用下的分流比增幅分别为(-4.43,4.16)%·(N·m-2)-1;利用分流前主线段的射流风机控制隧道内环境,利用分流后主线段或匝道段的射流风机控制隧道外环境,是最为高效的通风控制方法。
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| 关 键 词： | 隧道工程 通风特性 比尺模型试验 带出口匝道隧道 联动耦合效应 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-05-03 |
Scale Model Tests for Ventilation Characteristics of Urban Tunnels with Off-ramps |
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| ZHANG Xin,HUANG Zhi-yi,ZHANG Tian-hang,ZHANG Chi,KANG Cheng,WU Ke.Scale Model Tests for Ventilation Characteristics of Urban Tunnels with Off-ramps[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2019,32(5):123-131. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Xin HUANG Zhi-yi ZHANG Tian-hang ZHANG Chi KANG Cheng WU Ke |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China;2. School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi, China;3. Key Laboratory of Offshore Geotechnics and Material of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China |
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| Abstract: | Ventilation characteristics are key factors that affect the inside and outside environment of urban tunnels. The objective of this study was to determine the changing trends of air flux and air flux distribution in tunnels with off-ramps, thus formulating an effective control strategy for the total air flux and diversion ratio. A 38 m-long, 1/20-scale model of a tunnel with a ramp was designed and built on the basis of similarity theory. A frequency-conversion control system and real-time automatic measurement and acquisition system were developed to carry out the synchronous control of eight model fans and automatic acquisition of velocity and pressure data of sixteen tunnel sections. When the wind speed in the model tunnel was greater than 2.5 m·s-1, it could synchronously satisfy the similarity criterion for resistance, inertial force, and pressure. The test system of the tunnel ventilation scale model was used to analyze the influence of the changing jet-flow pressurization in a single or multiple ventilation section on the air flux and diversion ratio inside the tunnel. According to the test results, an interactional coupling effect of air flux exists between the ramp and the main tunnel. As the jet-flow pressurization in a certain ventilation section increases, the air flux of the ventilation sections connected to it in series increases as well, whereas that of the ventilation sections connected to it in parallel decreases. The total air flux and diversion ratio are both key factors affecting the inside and outside environment of urban tunnels. The adjustment of the jet-flow pressurization at the main line before the diversion does not change the diversion ratio, however it is highly efficient in controlling the total air flux, with the change in total air flux being 1.43%·(N·m-2)-1 per unit rise in pressure. The adjustment of the jet-flow pressurization at the main line after the diversion or ramp has limited influence on the total air flux, yet it is effective in controlling the diversion ratio, with the change in the diversion ratio being -4.43%·(N·m-2)-1 by adjusting the jet-flow pressurization at the main line after the diversion and 4.16%·(N·m-2)-1 by adjusting the jet-flow pressurization at the ramp, per unit rise in pressure. For urban tunnels with an off-ramp, the most efficient method for ventilation control is to control the inside environment of urban tunnels by a jet fan at the main line before the diversion, and the outside environment by a jet fan at the main line after the diversion or ramp. |
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| Keywords: | tunnel engineering ventilation characteristics scale model test tunnel with off-ramp interactional coupling effect |
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