| 近海T形梁桥上部结构极端波浪作用试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 方庆贺,李素超,郭安薪,李惠.近海T形梁桥上部结构极端波浪作用试验[J].中国公路学报,2023,36(1):114-123. |
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| 作者姓名： | 方庆贺 李素超 郭安薪 李惠 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 哈尔滨工业大学 近海结构研究中心, 山东 威海 264209;2. 哈尔滨工业大学 结构工程灾变与控制教育部重点实验室, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150090 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（52178128，51808172，51725801） |
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| 摘 要： | 飓风引起的极端波浪是影响近海桥梁结构安全的重要灾种之一，曾在美国墨西哥湾沿岸造成了大量已建低矮跨海桥梁损毁。探究台风波浪对桥梁上部结构的作用机理，发展波浪作用力计算方法，对保证中国近海地区桥梁结构安全具有重要意义。为准确考虑台风极端波浪的频谱特征，使用连续聚焦波作为入射波，开展了不同波幅、峰值频率和净空的模型试验。试验基于Froude准则采用1∶25缩尺比进行设计，研究对象为T形肋梁桥，试验过程中观测了聚焦波作用下T形梁桥受到的水平和竖向波浪作用力。研究结果表明：采用连续聚焦波作为入射波，通过设置合适的聚焦波周期可以避免二次反射波对入射波的污染，确保试验结果的可信性；波浪作用力中包含了低频准静力和高频砰击力，砰击力峰值一般出现在波浪与结构接触的初始阶段；一般情况下波浪作用力随波幅增大而增大，但存在明显的非单调特征；T形梁桥波浪力随净空增大有明显的先减小后增大的趋势，但峰值频率为0.4 Hz的大波幅聚焦波在净空为2.0～3.0 cm时波浪作用力最大；基于试验结果拟合出的波浪力简便估算方法能够有效计算波浪作用力，可为T形梁桥抗波浪设计提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 桥梁工程 波浪作用力 水动力试验 近海桥梁 台风波浪 聚焦波 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-06-01 |
Experimental Study on Extreme Wave Loads Acting on T-Girder Type Superstructure of Coastal Bridges |
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| FANG Qing-he,LI Su-chao,GUO An-xin,LI Hui.Experimental Study on Extreme Wave Loads Acting on T-Girder Type Superstructure of Coastal Bridges[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2023,36(1):114-123. |
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| Authors: | FANG Qing-he LI Su-chao GUO An-xin LI Hui |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Research Center for Coastal Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China;2. Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, China |
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| Abstract: | Extreme waves generated by hurricanes, as one of the most critical disasters that threatens the safety of bridge structures, have damaged many low-lying coastal bridges along the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, exploring the mechanism of typhoon waves acting on bridge superstructures is significantly important to develop a method to calculate wave forces. Periodic focused waves were employed as incident waves to investigate the effect of wave forces on bridge superstructures considering the spectral characteristics of extreme typhoon waves. A set of model tests with different maximum amplitudes, peak frequencies, and clearances were conducted. The specimen was designed following the Froude criterion on a 1:25 scale using a prototype of a T-girder bridge. The horizontal and vertical forces acting on the T-girder bridge with different clearances were measured in a wave flume. Consequently, periodic focused waves, with an appropriate period, are adequate to avoid the pollution of the incident wave caused by re-reflection, which guarantees the credibility of the test results. The low-frequency quasi-static and high-frequency slamming forces are the two components of wave forces. The peak value of the slamming force typically appears in the initial stage of wave water contact with the bridge deck. In general, the force of a wave increases with its amplitude. However, an apparent non-monotonic trend can be observed between the force and amplitude of a wave; thus, wave forces acting on the T-girder bridge first decrease and subsequently increase with changes in clearance. At a peak frequency of 0.4 Hz, a large-amplitude focused wave generates maximum wave forces on the bridge with a clearance in the range of 2.0-3.0 cm. A simple method was developed to calculate wave forces based on the experimental data, thereby providing a reference for bridge design. |
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| Keywords: | bridge engineering typhoon-generated wave hydrodynamic experiment coastal bridge wave forces focused wave |
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