| 考虑车辆限行和装箱约束的车辆路径优化方法 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐翔斌,任晨昊.考虑车辆限行和装箱约束的车辆路径优化方法[J].交通信息与安全,2021,39(3):77-84. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐翔斌 任晨昊 |
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| 作者单位： | 华东交通大学交通运输与物流学院 南昌 330013 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目71761013江西省自然科学基金面上项目20181BAB201010 |
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| 摘 要： | 在实际配送过程中，考虑到部分城市道路存在限制大型配送车辆通行的现状，以及运输途中车厢内物品满足后进先出等装载约束能有效提高装卸效率的特点，将车辆限行和二维装箱约束加入到需求可拆分车辆路径问题中。同时考虑到车辆的使用成本和行驶成本，以车辆总配送成本最小为目标构建考虑车辆限行和二维装箱约束的需求可拆分车辆路径问题数学模型，设计了启发式算法来求解该模型，其中模拟退火算法确定需求拆分下的车辆配送路径，且在当前最优解判断时调用BLF算法检验物品的二维装箱约束，来减少频繁调用BLF算法的时间。数值案例验证了模型和算法的实用性，且所提出的算法的求解结果波动不大于0.8%，能在合理的时间范围内求解得到较好的配送方案，在车辆限行区域内采用双车型配送能节省15.17%~31.27%的总配送成本。
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| 关 键 词： | 城市交通 车辆路径 车辆限行 启发式算法 二维装箱约束 需求可拆分 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-05-23 |
An Optimization Method of Vehicle Routing Considering Vehicle Restrictions and Two-dimensional Loading Constraints |
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| XU Xiangbin,REN Chenhao.An Optimization Method of Vehicle Routing Considering Vehicle Restrictions and Two-dimensional Loading Constraints[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2021,39(3):77-84. |
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| Authors: | XU Xiangbin REN Chenhao |
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| Affiliation: | School of Transportation and Logistics, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China |
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| Abstract: | Considering vehicle restrictions in some urban roads and the vehicle-loading constraints such as Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) unloading rule, vehicle restrictions and two-dimensional loading constraints are added to the split routing of delivery vehicles in real distributions. A 2LVR-SDVRP mathematical model is constructed to minimize the total distribution costs consisting of the fixed cost and transportation cost. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the model. Wherein, SA determines distribution routing, and BLF examines the vehicle-loading constraints when the current optimal solution routes are determined, which reduces the time of frequently calling the BLF algorithm. The practicability of the model and the algorithm is verified by a case study. Besides, the proposed algorithm can solve a better distribution scheme within a reasonable time range, with the fluctuation of optimal solutions no more than 0.8%. The total distribution costs of dual-vehicle distribution are from 15.17% to 31.27% less than those of single-vehicle under vehicle restrictions. |
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