大跨多线铁路钢桁梁桥车桥耦合动力分析

为研究列车通过桥面上设置多线铁路的大跨度钢桁梁桥所激发的车桥耦合振动的规律,以某两联2×84m连续钢桁梁桥为研究背景,将列车视为多刚体动力系统,用空间有限元对桥梁进行离散建模,并将列车、桥梁视为联合动力体系,建立列车与多线钢桁梁桥的车桥耦合动力模型,计算分析列车通过该桥时的桥梁动力响应和列车走行性。研究结果表明:当ICE3高速客车、C62普通货物列车混合编组通过桥梁时,桥梁和车辆的动力响应比单线客车通过桥梁时明显偏大;列车在各种组合工况下通过桥梁时,列车走行性能得到满足,桥梁动力性能良好。     

铁路高墩大跨度连续梁桥列车走行性分析

介绍了列车安全性、舒适性及平稳性的基本涵义及评价标准,并综合运用车辆动力学与桥梁结构动力学的研究方法,建立了车桥空间耦合模型,并用计算机模拟列车通过桥梁的情况,求得车桥动力响应,对高墩大跨度连续梁桥的列车走行安全性、舒适性及平稳性进行了计算和分析。     

大跨度铁路钢桁拱桥车—桥耦合振动分析

为使列车高速通过大跨度铁路钢桁拱桥时具有良好的走行性,同时使桥梁具有良好的动力安全性,对该类桥梁的车-桥耦合振动进行分析.基于车-桥耦合振动理论,采用三角级数法模拟轨道随机不平顺,联立轮对沉浮振动及侧滚振动方程迭代求解轮轨力,采用迭代法求解桥梁及车辆响应.以南京大胜关长江大桥为例,采用推荐方法对该桥在不同列车(德国ICE3动力分散式高速列车、中华之星列车、南京轻轨列车、空载P62货物列车)以不同速度通过时,桥梁和车辆的动力性能进行分析.分析结果表明,该桥安全性和列车安全性、平稳性指标均满足要求,列车平稳性优良,推荐的计算模型及简化方法可用于同类桥梁的车-桥耦合振动分析.     

高速列车——大跨度钢斜拉桥空间耦合振动响应研究

运用桥梁结构动力学与车辆动力学的研究方法，将车桥作为联合动力体系，以京沪高速铁路南京越江方案（２５６＋６４＋２５６）ｍ钢斜拉桥为研究对象，进行了高速列车过桥时的车桥空间耦合振动响应分析，着重研究了列车速度变化时对桥梁的挠度、车辆舒适度及脱轨安全度的影响。车桥计算结果表明，尽管该桥在设计荷载（０．ＵＩＣ）下的挠跨比达１／６１２，但仍能满足高速列车走行时的舒适性与安全性要求。     

桁宽对大跨度铁路斜拉桥车-桥耦合振动性能的影响研究

为考虑桁宽对大跨度铁路斜拉桥动力特性及车辆走行性的影响,以某主跨580m双塔斜拉桥为背景,分别建立了3种不同桁宽(15,24,30m)桥梁的有限元模型,对比其固有频率的差异,并通过车-桥耦合振动分析,比较了3种桁宽情况下桥梁、列车的动态响应。分析结果表明,桥梁横向振动和扭转振动的频率随桁宽的增加而明显增大,竖向振动频率随桁宽的增加而略有减小;主梁的横向位移随桁宽的增加而明显变小,桁宽15m出现了规律性的横向振动;3种桁宽情况下车辆响应变化不明显,桁宽15m时动车和拖车的响应(特别是轮轴横向力及减载率)总体上较其他2种桁宽的响应略大,车辆的响应对桁架的宽度变化不敏感。     

小半径曲线段槽型梁桥车桥耦合振动研究

为研究列车与小半径曲线区段槽型梁桥的车桥耦合振动特征及机理,以位于半径为300m曲线上的铁路单线简支槽型梁桥为背景进行分析。采用ANSYS建立全桥空间有限元模型,在计算分析槽型梁桥动力特性的基础上,采用随机振动理论模拟列车通过曲线段桥梁的全过程,评估列车的走行性,分析槽型梁桥的车桥耦合振动响应特征并与实测结果进行对比。结果表明:C62货运列车以不高于40km/h的速度通过半径仅为300m的曲线区段桥梁时,具有良好走行性;槽型梁桥具有足够的竖、横向刚度;曲线段槽型梁桥的横向振动响应可分解为离心力引起的结构横向静态响应和车桥耦合振动引起的结构横向动响应两部分。     

上海长江大桥主桥竖向容许刚度研究

上海长江大桥轨道交通与道路交通处于同一桥面,且公路车道明显多于轨道交通,因此如何确定大桥合理的竖向刚度设计值是桥梁建设中的关键技术之一.以列车过桥走行性为控制因素,首先采用传统方法将活载产生的桥梁挠曲线静态线形作为轨道车辆行走时的不平顺的激励,初步确定满足列车走行性时的桥梁设计的竖向刚度最小限值,然后采用道路车辆、轨道列车与桥梁共同耦合振动的分析方法进行车桥动力响应计算,分析2种方法计算结构的差别,并对前述大桥刚度最小限值进行修正,最后提出上海长江大桥主桥容许的竖向刚度最小设计限值.     

风、列车作用下大跨度斜拉桥索-梁相关振动研究

为了研究大跨度铁路斜拉桥在随机风、列车动力作用下索-梁相关振动导致的拉索振动状态,开发三维空间非线性有限元动力计算程序、列车动力学模型、风场模拟算法,以实际斜拉桥为研究对象,建立全桥三维有限元计算模型进行详细的计算分析。首先,分别使用拉索不分段与分段的全桥模型进行模态计算,讨论拉索局部振动特性与全桥振动特性之间的关系。然后,计算在简谐外激励作用下斜拉桥全桥的非线性振动时程,对比单根拉索在端部位移激励下的非线性振动特性与全桥结构中拉索发生大幅索-梁相关振动之间的差别,依据非线性振动理论,讨论实际斜拉桥中拉索发生索-梁相关振动的共振条件。最后,使用拉索分段的斜拉桥全桥模型,研究在三维空间中,风场动力作用、列车动力作用、风-列车-桥梁耦合动力作用在各个工况下对斜拉桥全桥索-梁相关振动的影响。研究结果表明：对于大跨度铁路斜拉桥,在实际日常运营状态下,风和列车的作用不会使结构进入非线性振动状态;单独的风或列车动力作用不会使拉索达到索-梁相关振动的共振条件;风-列车-桥梁耦合动力作用下拉索振动相对单独的风、列车作用更为明显,但也不会使拉索达到索-梁相关振动的共振条件。     

冰击荷载作用下高速车辆-轨道-桥梁系统耦合振动分析

为了探明流冰撞击桥墩对高速车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合系统动力学行为的影响,采用精细化有限元模型模拟了流冰撞击桥墩的过程,计算获得了不同冰排特性下流冰撞击力时程曲线,基于列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用理论,以流冰荷载作为外激励,建立了高速车辆-轨道-桥梁-冰击动力学分析模型。以5跨32 m简支梁为例,通过研究不同冰击荷载作用下桥梁结构的动力学响应,得到了对桥梁结构影响最大的冰击荷载,分析了在该冰击荷载作用下桥梁子系统和车辆子系统的动力学响应,最后探讨了冰击荷载对桥上列车走行性的影响。结果表明：在冰击荷载作用下,冰排厚度、流冰撞击速度和冰排抗压强度是影响桥梁动力学响应的关键参数,桥梁跨中和墩顶横向位移与加速度随冰排厚度和抗压强度的增加而增大,且随流冰撞击速度的增加呈先增大后减小趋势;流冰撞击桥墩对车辆-轨道-桥梁系统动力学响应影响显著,在冰击荷载作用下主梁横向位移和加速度增幅较大,跨中横向加速度主频与桥梁横向自振频率接近,表明流冰撞击可能会加剧桥梁横向自振频率附近的振动;车体横向振动加速度、脱轨系数、轮轨横向力和轮重减载率在流冰撞击作用下均明显增大,增幅超过2倍,可见流冰撞击对高速列车行车安全性和乘坐舒适性有较大影响。     

高速铁路468 m斜拉桥车桥时变系统振动分析

该文根据车桥时变系统振动分析理论,并依据势能驻值原理及形成结构矩阵的"对号入座法则",导出了系统的空间振动矩阵方程。计算了高速列车以不同车速通过该大跨度钢混结合梁斜拉桥的空间振动响应,检算了该桥的横向和竖向刚度,并进行了列车走行安全性与乘客舒适性分析,所得结果可供设计参考。     

Train–track–bridge dynamic interaction: a state-of-the-art review

ABSTRACT

Train–track–bridge dynamic interaction is a fundamental concern in the field of railway engineering, which plays an extremely important role in the optimal design of railway bridges, especially in high-speed railways and heavy-haul railways. This paper systematically presents a state-of-the-art review of train–track–bridge dynamic interaction. The evolution process of train–bridge dynamic interaction model is described briefly, from the simplest moving constant force model to the sophisticated train–track–bridge dynamic interaction model (TTBDIM). The modelling methodology of the key elements in the TTBDIM is systematically reviewed, including the train, the track, the bridge, the wheel–rail contact, the track–bridge interaction, the system excitation and the solution algorithm. The significance of detailed track modelling in the whole system is highlighted. The experimental research and filed test focusing on modelling validation, safety assessment and long-term performance investigation of the train–track–bridge system are briefly presented. The practical applications of train–track–bridge dynamic interaction theory are comprehensively discussed in terms of the system dynamic performance evaluation, the system safety assessment and train-induced environmental vibration and noise prediction. The guidance is provided on further improvement of the train–track–bridge dynamic interaction model and the challenging research topics in the future.     

Dynamic response of the train–track–bridge system subjected to derailment impacts

Derailments on bridges, although not frequent, when occurs due to a complex dynamic interaction of the train–track–bridge structural system, are very severe. Furthermore, the forced vibration induced by the post-derailment impacts can toss out the derailed wagons from the bridge deck with severe consequences to the traffic underneath and the safety of the occupants of the wagons. This paper presents a study of the train–track–bridge interaction during a heavy freight train crossing a concrete box girder bridge from a normal operation to a derailed state. A numerical model that considers the bridge vibration, train–track interaction and the train post-derailment behaviour is formulated based on a coupled finite-element – multi-body dynamics (FE-MBD) theory. The model is applied to predict the post-derailment behaviour of a freight train composed of one locomotive and several wagons, as well as the dynamic response of a straight single-span simply supported bridge containing ballast track subjected to derailment impacts. For this purpose, a typical derailment scenario of a heavy freight train passing over a severe track geometry defect is introduced. The dynamic derailment behaviour of the heavy freight train and the dynamic responses of the rail bridge are illustrated through numerical examples. The results exhibit the potential for tossing out of the derailed trains from the unstable increase in the yaw angle signature and a lower rate of increase of the bridge deck bending moment compared to the increase in the static axle load of the derailed wheelset.     

Interaction study of train–bridge–track systems using Maxwell model

The investigation of problems related to the interaction of train, bridge and track systems has been accelerated by the emergence of high-speed trains. Such studies are required, not only for the endurance issues regarding bridge and tracks, but to assure trains’ functionality and performance. The suspension mechanism of train systems is of prime importance in defining the functionality of high-speed trains, and accurate mathematical models of the mechanism are imperative. This paper introduces a numerical technique for an interaction study of train–bridge–track systems based on Maxwell (three-element type) modeling of the suspension mechanisms of vehicles. Track irregularity in sinusoidal form is also integrated into the mathematical model. Although the proposed technique is simple in formulation, it offers phenomenal accuracy in representing the interaction of train, track and bridge systems. In a numerical example, the dynamic behavior of a train–bridge system has been studied. Results of this analysis provide a valuable insight into the contributing roles of different parameters in this subject.     

客运专线铁路(60+128+60) m连续梁拱桥动力性能分析

以高速客运专线铁路上跨度(60 128 60)m连续梁拱桥为研究对象,采用空间有限元分析模型,计算桥梁的自振特性,探讨横撑刚度和拱肋截面形式对桥梁自振特性的影响,评价桥梁的动力性能和列车运行安全性与舒适性。     

武汉天兴洲公铁两用长江大桥动力计算分析

武汉天兴洲公铁两用长江大桥主桥为双塔三主桁三索面斜拉桥,上层为公路6车道,下层为4线铁路,旅客列车设计行车速度200 km/h.介绍了该桥动力计算分析的方法、内容及结论.     

Interaction study of train-bridge-track systems using Maxwell model

The investigation of problems related to the interaction of train, bridge and track systems has been accelerated by the emergence of high-speed trains. Such studies are required, not only for the endurance issues regarding bridge and tracks, but to assure trains' functionality and performance. The suspension mechanism of train systems is of prime importance in defining the functionality of high-speed trains, and accurate mathematical models of the mechanism are imperative. This paper introduces a numerical technique for an interaction study of train-bridge-track systems based on Maxwell (three-element type) modeling of the suspension mechanisms of vehicles. Track irregularity in sinusoidal form is also integrated into the mathematical model. Although the proposed technique is simple in formulation, it offers phenomenal accuracy in representing the interaction of train, track and bridge systems. In a numerical example, the dynamic behavior of a train-bridge system has been studied. Results of this analysis provide a valuable insight into the contributing roles of different parameters in this subject.     

Stochastic vibration of the vehicle–bridge system subject to non-uniform ground motions

A study of a train moving along a cable-stayed bridge is performed by considering both the stationary track irregularity and a non-stationary earthquake. A detailed bridge model with 3972 degrees of freedom is established while the train model consists of two locomotives and eight carriages. The equations of motion of the coupled system are obtained by using the displacement continuous condition at the contact, with track irregularities. The earthquake is assumed to occur once the train has entered the bridge. The pseudo-excitation method is used to find the random responses of the coupled system, and the results indicate that the effect of the earthquake is much greater than that of the track irregularities. The paper discusses the influence of the intensity of the earthquake, the wave propagation velocity, the speed of the train, and the dynamic interaction between the vehicles and the bridge.     

Influence of long-wavelength track irregularities on the motion of a high-speed train

Vertical track irregularities over viaducts in high-speed rail systems could be possibly caused by concrete creep if pre-stressed concrete bridges are used. For bridge spans that are almost uniformly distributed, track irregularity exhibits a near-regular wave profile that excites car bodies as a high-speed train moves over the bridge system. A long-wavelength irregularity induces low-frequency excitation that may be close to the natural frequencies of the train suspension system, thereby causing significant vibration of the car body. This paper investigates the relationship between the levels of car vibration, bridge vibration, track irregularity, and the train speed. First, this study investigates the vibration levels of a high-speed train and bridge system using 3D finite-element (FE) transient dynamic analysis, before and after adjustment of vertical track irregularities by means of installing shimming plates under rail pads. The analysis models are validated by in situ measurements and on-board measurement. Parametric studies of car body vibration and bridge vibration under three different levels of track irregularity at five train speeds and over two bridge span lengths are conducted using the FE model. Finally, a discontinuous shimming pattern is proposed to avoid vehicle suspension resonance.