轮胎的异常磨损与预防

我国的道路情况比较复杂,高速路、快速路、一级公路等良好路面的普及率并不很高,因此,轮胎的磨损现象也相对比较复杂。轮胎的异常磨损如下: 一、轮胎异常磨损的类型 1、胎冠两肩花纹磨损,是由于轮胎气压过     

胎面沟槽内异物对轮胎接地特性的影响

接地特性是影响轮胎磨损的重要因素。针对轮胎沟槽嵌入异物可能影响轮胎接地特性参数的问题,以205/55R16型子午线轮胎为研究对象,利用Abaqus软件构建3种不同胎面花纹的轮胎有限元模型,采用控制变量法对比分析静态工况下异物直径大小对胎面接地压力分布及接地面积的影响规律。研究结果表明,胎面接地处因异物与沟槽挤压形成了关于异物对称的空区域,且靠近胎肩一侧面积较大,减小了轮胎有效接地面积;随着异物直径增大,胎面平均接地压力与接地压力偏度值均呈非线性上升,影响程度排序依次为S型轮胎、Z型轮胎、纵沟轮胎,影响轮胎正常磨损。该结果可为进一步研究轮胎瞬态磨损和偏磨损提供参考。     

如何延长汽车轮胎的使用寿命

介绍了汽车轮胎在使用中不正常磨损的几种情况：一是轮胎冠两肩超常磨损；二是轮胎胎冠中部超常磨损；三是轮胎胎侧呈侧呈锯齿状磨损；四是胎冠呈波浪状或碟片状磨损；五是转向轮胎冠内（外）侧超常磨损等。分析了轮胎不正常磨损的原因。介绍了轮胎的正确使用、定期检查与维护。     

浅谈轮胎的磨损与预防

轮胎在各种路面上行驶，其磨损是不可避免的，轮胎在正常情况下均匀磨损至胎侧的磨损批示标记，轮胎就不能继续使用了，这属于正常磨损现象。当轮胎出现胎冠中央、两肩、内侧及外侧等不均匀磨损时，则说明轮胎在平时的使用中存在着问题，为了更好地使用轮胎，延长轮胎的使用寿命，经常检查轮胎的磨损状况是非常必要的，从轮胎均匀磨损与不均匀磨损，可以发现轮胎的使用过程中是否出现问题，并及时查明原因，从而使轮胎在正常的环境下发挥它的作用。     

车辆行驶跑偏的对策

视情对轮胎调整换位 正常情况下的车辆左右轮胎应该是型号一致、花纹相似、磨损程度相当、气压符合标准.如果前轴上两个轮胎型号不一致,花纹样式和磨损程度不同,车辆行驶时则会向磨损程度大的一侧倾斜;如果后轮轮胎磨损程度不同,则附着系数和地面磨擦力不同,制动时会使车辆跑偏.如果前轴上两个轮胎气压不等,轮胎在行驶的过程中会因滚动半径不同,汽车方向自动偏向气压低的一侧,导致方向跑偏.安装轮胎应做到:一是合理搭配.应把两个磨损程度相当、气压相等和花纹相似轮胎装在同一轴,并按照轮胎上标示箭头方向装配.二是注意方向.     

观胎冠磨痕话汽车隐性故障

轮胎是汽车的重要部件之一，在轮胎的转动以及与地面的长期接触中，它将汽车底盘有关构件的工作状况“记录在案”。通过观察汽车轮胎不同部位的磨损情况，便可判断出汽车在使用维护中存在的某些隐性故障，及时发现这些隐性故障不仅可以帮助驾驶人员判断车辆的技术状况，同时也对汽车行驶安全起到了一定的预防作用。1轮胎胎冠两肩磨痕明显若轮胎胎冠两肩磨损较严重，说明汽车在使用中经常处于轮胎气压过低或经常在超载状态下行驶。由于上述两种原因，导致了轮胎接地部分加宽，中部略向上拱起，从而造成胎冠两肩着地而磨损。在轮胎变形的同时…     

轮胎异常磨损的原因与对策

轮胎花纹中央磨损 产生原因车辆行驶中,由于轮胎充气过多,胎压过高,仅使轮胎胎面中央部分的花纹接触地面,也就是轮胎压花较少,从而导致胎面花纹的中央比两边部分磨损快.排除方法若出现轮胎花纹中央磨损时,需要检查胎压是否比规定值高,一般车辆的轮胎厂家都有规定的参数值,应调整胎压至标准范围内.     

科学保养轮胎上紧安全发条

车辆爆胎的原因缺气车辆轮胎缺气行驶是爆胎的主要原困。当轮胎胎压低于标准胎压时,随着胎压的下降,轮胎与地面的摩擦成倍增加,胎温急剧上升。轮胎变软,强度急剧下降,再加上车辆高速行驶,就可能导致爆胎。磨损车辆轮胎的磨损主要分为均匀磨损和不均匀磨损。轮胎在正常情况下磨损为均匀磨损。轮胎均匀磨损至胎侧的磨损指示标记时,不能继续使用,需要更换新胎。若轮胎胎面的磨损量不一致,磨损状况不均衡,这种现象就是轮胎的不均匀磨损。轮胎的不均匀磨损有胎冠中央磨损、胎冠两肩磨损、胎冠内侧或外侧磨损、胎冠锯齿状磨损、胎冠波浪状磨损或碟片状磨损、胎冠局部磨损等几种情况。如果发现轮胎磨损不均匀,说明轮胎的使用存在问题,需及时检修。对车辆轮胎磨损如果发现不及时、保养不到位,当行驶状况达到一定条件时,就会发生爆胎。     

减少轮胎磨损有窍门

气压要达标驾驶员要按照车厂的规定给轮胎充气。当轮胎气压低于标准值时，轮胎胎肩的磨损急剧增大；轮胎气压高于标准值时，因轮胎接地面积减小，单位面积压力增高，使轮胎胎面中部磨损增加，同时增大了轮胎刚性，使车轮受到的动载负荷增加，容易产生胎体爆裂。     

叉车轮胎的非正常磨损及预防

叉车轮胎在使用中的非正常磨损一般有六种情况：一是胎冠中部超常磨损;二是胎冠两肩超常磨损;三是转向轮的胎冠内侧(或外侧)超常偏磨损;四是胎冠呈锯齿状磨损;五是胎冠呈波浪状或蝶片状磨损;六是胎冠局部磨损。主要表现为胎面磨损不均匀、帘布层之间脱层、帘线松散和折断及由此引起的胎体破裂。     

轮胎制动与驱动特性的理论模型

轮胎印迹内垂直载荷的分布与形式的选择，对建立轮胎制动与驱动特性的理论模型有很大影响。根据轮胎制动和驱动时印迹内垂直载荷分布特性，以及轮胎的前后变形特性，建立了轮胎制动、驱动特性的理论模型。应用该理论模型的计算结果，与试验结果具有很好的一致性。     

胎面轮廓形状优化技术研究--提高轮胎耐磨耗性能

胎面轮廓形状对轮胎的耐磨耗性能影响很大，因此对其进行优化很有意义。针对胎面轮廓形状比较复杂的特点，文中采用多个变量来定义胎面轮廓。同时，在现有磨耗理论的基础上，通过对胎面轮廓形状的优化初步给出了评价轮胎耐磨耗性能的指标。在此基础上，采用自编的多目标优化程序对胎面轮廓进行优化，并将计算结果与原胎数据进行了比较，结果表明，不论是从胎面的磨耗速度还是从胎面磨耗的均匀性来说优化胎都要优于原始。     

The Influence of Structural Flexibilities on the Straight-running Stability of Motorcycles

A new tyre model for studies of motorcycle lateral dynamics, and three new motorcycle models, each incorporating a different form of structural compliance, are developed. The tyre model is based on “taut string” ideas, and includes consideration of tread width and longitudinal tread rubber distortion and tread mass effects, and normal load variation. Parameter values appropriate to a typical motorcycle tyre are employed. The motorcycle models are for small lateral perturbations from straight running at constant speed, and include (a) lateral compliance of the front wheel in the front forks, (b) torsional compliance of the front forks, and (c) torsional compliance in the rear frame at the steering head about an axis perpendicular to the steering axis.

Results in the form of eigenvalues, indicating modal damping properties and natural frequencies are presented for each model. The properties of four large production machines for a range of forward speeds, and the practicable range of stiffnesses are calculated, and the implications are discussed.

It is concluded that typical levels of structural compliance in models (a) and (c) contribute significantly to the steering behaviour properties of large motorcycles, and their observed behaviour can be understood better in terms of the new results than of those existing previously. Some conclusions relating to optimal structural stiffness properties are also drawn.     

The Influence of Structural Flexibilities on the Straight-running Stability of Motorcycles

SUMMARY

A new tyre model for studies of motorcycle lateral dynamics, and three new motorcycle models, each incorporating a different form of structural compliance, are developed. The tyre model is based on “taut string” ideas, and includes consideration of tread width and longitudinal tread rubber distortion and tread mass effects, and normal load variation. Parameter values appropriate to a typical motorcycle tyre are employed. The motorcycle models are for small lateral perturbations from straight running at constant speed, and include (a) lateral compliance of the front wheel in the front forks, (b) torsional compliance of the front forks, and (c) torsional compliance in the rear frame at the steering head about an axis perpendicular to the steering axis.

Results in the form of eigenvalues, indicating modal damping properties and natural frequencies are presented for each model. The properties of four large production machines for a range of forward speeds, and the practicable range of stiffnesses are calculated, and the implications are discussed.

It is concluded that typical levels of structural compliance in models (a) and (c) contribute significantly to the steering behaviour properties of large motorcycles, and their observed behaviour can be understood better in terms of the new results than of those existing previously. Some conclusions relating to optimal structural stiffness properties are also drawn.     

ZnOw改善橡胶和轮胎耐磨性能的研究

研究了ZnOw／NR—SBR—BR复合材料的耐磨性能，发现经偶联剂表面处理的ZnOw对提高橡胶材料的耐磨性能有良好的效果。在轮胎胎面胶中加入3份标准配方的氧化锌晶须对轮胎进行改性，结果表明，氧化锌晶须不仅可以改善橡胶和轮胎的耐磨性能，而且可以提高轮胎的高速安全性和耐久性。对复合材料受磨表面和截面的微观形貌进行了研究，分析了氧化锌晶须提高橡胶复合材料耐磨性能的机理，并提出可以用橡胶材料表面分形维数值的大小来判断磨损程度。     

Analysis of vehicle rollover dynamics using a high-fidelity model

Recent data show that 35% of fatal crashes in sport utility vehicles included vehicle rollover. At the same time, experimental testing to improve safety is expensive and dangerous. Therefore, multi-body simulation is used in this research to improve the understanding of rollover dynamics. The majority of previous work uses low-fidelity models. Here, a complex and highly nonlinear multi-body model with 165 degrees of freedom is correlated to vehicle kinematic and compliance (K&C) measurements. The Magic Formula tyre model is employed. Design of experiment methodology is used to identify tyre properties affecting vehicle rollover. A novel, statistical approach is used to link suspension K&C characteristics with rollover propensity. Research so far reveals that the tyre properties that have the greatest influence on vehicle rollover are friction coefficient, friction variation with load, camber stiffness and tyre vertical stiffness. Key K&C characteristics affecting rollover propensity are front and rear suspension rate, front roll stiffness, front camber gain, front and rear camber compliance and rear jacking force.     

胎面单元对轮胎薄膜湿牵引性能的影响

在潮湿的天气或雨后，轮胎胎面或路面上存在一层很薄的水膜，该水膜使车辆行驶的牵引力降低。建立了轮胎胎面单元挤压膜问题的数学模型，并进行了数值求解，分析了胎面单元的几何参数，液膜厚度和柔性对轮胎薄膜湿牵引性能的影响，为轮胎胎面花纹的合理设计提供了理论依据。     

汽车高速化给维修业带来的新要求

随着汽车工业的发展和高速公路的普及，汽车的速度越来越来高，汽车在前轮定位，制动系以及轮胎等方面也发生了相应的变化，例如车轮外倾角由正值变为负值，前轮前束出现负值，前轮制动力大于后轮制动力，前轮主销内倾角增大等，这些变化在维修时应特别注意。