ISPS and manning issues

Seafaring is a profession and seafarers are just like any other ordinary workers of a work force. They should enjoy the same rights as accorded to workers ashore. Those rights include the right to life, right to payment of wages, right to healthy, safe and decent working conditions. People working ashore have variety of access to medical services and if they fall sick, the hospitals and clinics are at their disposal twenty-four hours a day. Seafarers have to depend on a ship’s first aid kit, thus, it is really important for seafarers to be allowed ashore to visit a clinic or other medical facilities whilst in port.     

关于船舶安全配员问题的探讨

船舶安全配员直接关系到船舶的安全航行。本文从船舶安全配员产生的背景出发,系统地提出我国船舶安全配员所存在的问题,有针对性地提出改进意见。     

有关船舶安全配员问题的最新进展

船舶安全配员是保证船舶航行安全的重要条件之一,其与船员工作休息时间和疲劳问题存在密切关系,一直受到广泛关注。然而,由于安全配员涉及多方面因素,因此很难在各国之间形成一个统一的标准。回顾船员培训和值班标准(STW)分委会第38次会议上有关船舶安全配员问题的提案和决议情况,并对该问题未来的进展进行展望。     

论船舶配员服务行为的法律属性

船舶配员服务作为一种航运实务中非常活跃的经济行为,其真实法律属性直接影响到各相关方权利责任的分配．文中从船舶配员服务行为法律属性入手,分析演化过程,力图在复杂的航运实际与法律法规的规定中找到平衡点。     

船舶配员问题与对策

在海事管理工作中,船舶配员问题长期以来一直是一个"老大难"问题.因为配员不足势必造成船舶不适航,船舶不适航又会造成船舶的安全隐患.随着海事执法模式的改革,现场的海事执法人员已能够准确和及时地掌握船舶的配员状况、适航状况、船员适任情况,发现问题能够采取有效的措施予以纠正和制止,从而有效地制止了船舶的违法违章行为,提高了海事的执法威慑力.新的海事执法模式在实战中得到了有效的验证.     

中国船员对外劳务输出的现状及发展策略

国际航运市场的迅速发展,使得船员需求量大幅增加,中国船员劳务输出在当前国际船员劳务市场上的份额很小,找到存在的问题,正确对待,合理解决,对中国船员劳务输出的发展大有益处。中国船员劳务公司应该加强自身建设,增强社会责任感,为中国船员劳务的发展和航运强国的建设贡献力量。     

对最低安全配员规则有关问题的商榷

通过对2004年交通部《中华人民共和国船舶最低安全配员规则》的学习,对照有关国际公约和船检规范,对该规则个别不规范的字句和表述进行了分析,并提出了修改建议,供海事、船检和设计部门参考     

Safe manning of ships — Yesterday, today and tomorrow

In May 2006 a group of European countries sought a review of the principles for establishing the safe manning level of vessels at the Maritime Safety Committee of the International Maritime Organization. These administrations supported by others claimed that fatigue is recognized as being a major contributory factor in many accidents and incidents. It is also considered that fatigue, hours of work and manning levels are inextricably linked. This paper intends to take a look at the manning of ships historically and how they have reached the levels today which many regard as too low. It proposes that the answer may not be by just addingmore officers to the manning levels, but to take a more realistic approach and study what is actually required to safely man and operate a ship in the 21^st century.     

最低安全配员:安全与效率的最佳组合

2006年5月1日实施的新版《船舶最低安全配员表》从七个部分调整了《中华人民共和国船舶最低安全配员规则》(2004年第7号令)附件1、2、3所规定的内容。新版配员表进一步细化了内河船舶分档,对较大吨位船舶配员标准略有提高,较小吨位船舶配员标准略有降低,客船配员标准区别于其它类型船舶,为进一步规范船员配备,保障船舶安全航行起到了关键作用。     

Safe manning of merchant ships: an approach and computer tool

In the shipping industry, staffing expenses have become a vital competition parameter. In this paper, an approach and a software tool are presented to support decisions on the staffing of merchant ships. The tool is implemented in the form of a Web user interface that makes use of discrete-event simulation and allows estimation of the workload and of whether different scenarios are successfully performed taking account of the number of crewmembers, watch schedules, distribution of competencies, and others. The software library ‘SimManning’ at the core of the project is provided as open source. The tool is conceived as a support for the maritime authorities, certifying bodies and shipping companies to assess whether a ship is safely manned.     

驾驶室遥控船舶配员现状及改善建议

为加强船舶安全管理,规范驾驶室遥控（BRC）船舶的船员配备,通过解读有关BRC船舶的检验规定,以及国内相关法规对海船配备船员的规定,针对目前BRC船舶在配员方面存在的问题提出改进建议：尽快出台技术规范;加强船员管理;加大现场监管处罚力度;开展专项整治活动。     

Cultural diversity, manning strategies and management practices in Greek shipping

The present paper examines the way Greek shipping companies and Greek seafarers perceive culture, and how this affects their approach to crew management and operation of the ships. The analysis focuses on the manning strategies employed by the companies, on the operational problems that might occur on-board, and on any possible disturbance of the relation between the ship, the office at shore and third parties. Finally, a number of management practices which, when implemented, help to overcome these problems is also examined. The research methodology includes a review of the existing literature and interviews conducted by means of questionnaires filled in by crew managers and seafarers. Results show that some of the predominant problems encountered aboard, as far as communication with multicultural crews is concerned, are rooted in cultural and linguistic incompatibility, as well as in inadequate and inappropriate training. Furthermore, crew managers and seafarers lack both a clear perception of culture, and share opinions on the implementation of manning strategies. The present paper concludes that culture management can enhance crew team cohesion, upgrade communication at all levels, and, finally, improve the quality of the working environment, the safety of the workplace and the overall performance of the team.     

中国船员体制改革与船员劳务外派的发展

中国目前的船员体制已不能适应现在航运形势发展的需要,无论是在船员管理体制、船员招募体制,还是在船员分配体制上等都存在诸多弊病,这在很大程度上阻碍了中国船员劳务外派市场的健康发展,同时也造成他们在参与国际市场的竞争中处于劣势地位。因此在新的历史时期,必须抓住机遇,深化中国船员管理体制改革,促进中国船员劳务外派事业更好更快地发展。     

船舶试航的最低安全配员

文中分析了船舶试航的特点及船员配备情况,提出了船舶试航最低安全配员的相关建议,以期对船舶试航的安全管理有所帮助。     

船舶强制配备专职电子船员的探讨

电子船员作为一个全新的概念在国际海事组织船员培训和值班标准分委会第38次会议上首次提出．这是现代航海发展中的新方向、新动态与新课题。STW39基本确定了电子船员的培训和发证要求的框架,但电子船员是否为强制性设置还有待明确。本文就强制配备专职电子船员的必要性、可行性和意义等方面进行分析,并提出相应的对策和建议。     

基于柔度曲率矩阵的加筋板结构损伤识别方法

为了对船舶工程中典型结构即加筋板结构的损伤部位进行准确的损伤识别分析,文章提出了一种基于柔度曲率矩阵的损伤识别方法并进行了仿真分析。首先对加筋板结构进行单元划分,以结构响应通过矩阵的列最大值来建立节点柔度矩阵,并通过二阶微分对柔度值的变化进行放大进而得到柔度曲率矩阵,最后通过柔度曲率矩阵图或者柔度曲率矩阵的行(列)曲率图来判断损伤位置。算例分析表明,该方法损伤定位准确并且具有较高的灵敏度,避免了使用原未损结构的模态参数,只需损伤结构的一阶或者前几阶模态信息就可以有效地进行损伤识别分析。通过大量模拟,给出了加筋板结构损伤的判别图。     

无人船舶适航的配员标准研究

无人驾驶技术的发展,使得无人船舶成为可能。但是在现行国际条约和国内法下,适当配备船员是保证船舶适航的必要条件。无人船舶可能因船上无人操作而无法满足船舶配员的要求;岸上操作人员因不在船上也无法被认定为船员,无法享有船员的权利、承担船员的义务。现行制度需要做出适当调整,或者采用法律解释的方法加以适用,缓和船舶配员的要求、扩大船员的范围,方可适应、促进无人船舶技术的发展。     

中国海员外派公司如何应对2006国际海事劳工公约

通过对2006国际海事劳工公约的研究,结合中国海员外派出现的问题,明确中国海员外派公司的工作任务,对中国海员外派公司日常管理体系的改善提出几点可行措施,最后针对2006国际海事劳工公约,对相关管理机构提出几点建议。