基于主动转向与差动制动协调的双级预警车道偏离防止预测控制

在设计车道偏离防止系统时,为充分利用差动制动控制和主动转向控制,同时兼顾车辆行驶的安全性与驾驶员驾驶自由,提出了一种双级预警的利用主动转向与差动制动协调控制的车道偏离防止策略。当车辆危险程度较低时仅采用差动制动控制,保证驾驶员对转向盘的控制;当车辆危险程度较高时,采用预测控制实现主动转向与差动制动系统的协调控制,使车辆能快速地回到车道中心线。选取跨道时间来设计车辆偏离预警算法,并根据车辆转向系统的响应分别设定预警阈值。为保证车辆的稳定性,采用模型预测控制算法添加合理的约束,设计差动制动控制和主动转向与差动制动协调控制器。仿真与硬件在环试验结果表明,所设计的基于主动转向与差动制动协调的车道偏离防止控制策略在保证车辆行驶安全性的前提下给予了驾驶员充分的驾驶自由。     

基于主动横向稳定杆与差动制动联合控制的车辆防侧翻研究

针对高速行驶的车辆处于大转角、避障等紧急工况下容易出现侧翻的问题,本文中提出了采用差动制动与主动横向稳定杆联合对车辆进行侧翻控制策略。为提高对车辆侧翻的控制效果,一方面通过全轮差动制动来提高车辆的横摆稳定性,防止车辆由于失稳产生绊倒性侧翻,并减小车辆的侧倾;另一方面,考虑到处于紧急工况下车辆的非线性与时变性,采用主动横向稳定杆并设计了2阶滑模超螺旋控制器来动态跟踪车辆的理想侧倾角,实现驾驶员对车辆侧倾姿态的准确判断,防止驾驶员产生误操作,进一步提高了车辆的防侧翻能力。最后,通过硬件在环试验对提出的主动横向稳定杆与差动制动联合控制策略的有效性进行了验证。     

基于模型预测的横摆和侧向稳定性控制

针对无人驾驶车辆路径跟踪过程中横摆和侧向稳定性控制,提出一种转向和制动的模型预测控制方案。控制方法基于3自由度车辆模型,控制目标是通过制动和转向的联合来跟踪期望路径。该控制方案依赖于非线性预测控制方法的预测功能,搭建基于MPC(Model Predictive Control,模型预测控制)的车辆主动转向和制动控制系统。通过Car Sim和Simulink联合仿真试验进行验证,证明所提出方法的有效性。     

多轴分布式电驱动车辆后桥差动转向控制策略研究

首先建立了八轴分布式电驱动车辆动力学模型,提出了基于质心侧偏角的差动转向双层控制策略,上层控制器以质心侧偏角及其变化率和前轮转角为输入,采用模糊控制生成机械转向桥和差动转向桥的转向中心相对位置,从而获得后桥转向参考转向角;下层控制器以上层转向参考角为控制目标,采用增量式数字PI控制得到后桥电机的差动转矩。最后选取中高速工况,进行硬件在环仿真,验证了后桥差动转向控制效果和实时性。结果表明,与理想阿克曼转向策略相比,该策略能有效减小车辆转向过程中质心侧偏角,并保证了转向稳定性。     

主动前轮转向系统与防抱死制动系统协调控制

针对汽车转向制动工况,研究汽车主动前轮转向系统(AFS)和防抱死制动系统(ABS)的协调控制;建立七自由度整车模型、前轮主动转向系统模型、防抱死制动系统模型以及轮胎模型,设计了转向系统控制器和制动系统控制器,以及两子系统的协调控制器,并对提出的控制策略进行了仿真分析和对比验证。仿真结果表明:在转向制动工况下,与独立控制系统相比较,协调控制系统能够在保持车辆制动稳定性的同时缩短制动距离,充分发挥两子系统的优势,进一步了提高汽车的操纵性和安全性。     

新一代线控底盘集成控制策略研究

针对汽车稳定性控制,提出了一种基于线控转向和线控制动的新一代底盘集成控制策略。分别设计制造了线控制动、线控转向系统样机,建立了相应的动力学模型。应用模型预测控制,设计了基于主动前轮转角调节和主动制动力调节的底盘集成控制系统。设计了针对目标汽车的底盘集成控制硬件在环试验台,并进行了典型工况测试试验。结果表明,本文所设计的控制策略可有效使汽车跟随期望状态,保证车辆行驶的稳定性,提升车辆的综合性能。     

基于极限车速的车辆稳定性控制研究

采用"魔术公式"轮胎模型,在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了8自由度车辆侧向动力学模型,绘制车辆质心侧偏角-质心侧偏角速度相平面图,并利用双线法划分相平面图稳定区域,结合车辆自身质心侧偏角相轨迹,计算得到车辆极限稳定车速。以极限车速作为控制开关,设计基于质心侧偏角和横摆角速度的模糊控制器,提出了基于补偿横摆力矩的前后轮制动力矩比例分配控制策略,并在多种工况下进行了仿真与模拟驾驶实验。结果表明:利用极限车速作为控制开关设计的控制策略可有效提高车辆稳定性。     

基于底盘集成控制的轻型汽车防侧翻控制

提出了一种基于底盘集成控制的轻型汽车主动防侧翻控制系统。选取横向载荷转移率作为侧翻预警因子,并通过一3自由度侧翻参考模型进行实时计算。在此基础上,应用模型预测控制算法对主动转向和主动差动制动系统进行集成控制,提出了主动防侧翻控制算法。利用Matlab/Simulink与Carsim对车辆进行了典型工况的联合仿真。结果表明,所提出的主动防侧翻控制系统能准确预测车辆侧翻危险,避免侧翻事故发生,有效提高车辆综合行驶性能。     

四轮转向汽车主动转向控制及仿真

以四轮转向汽车为研究对象,建立车辆四轮转向动力学模型。基于后轮主动转向控制方法,分别搭建四轮转向汽车前后轮转角成比例的主动转向控制模型以及基于车速和横摆角速度反馈的主动转向控制模型。在高速转向工况下,采用MATLAB/Simulink建立四轮转向汽车主动转向控制仿真模型进行对比仿真。仿真结果表明,该控制方法能够较好地减小车辆质心侧偏角及横摆角速度,保证车辆良好的轨迹跟踪能力,有效地改善了车辆的操纵稳定性。     

基于汽车质心侧偏角的EPS回正控制策略

针对传统的转向回正控制容易产生回正过度或回正不足的情况,提出一种基于质心侧偏角的汽车电动助力转向回正控制策略。建立车辆动力学模型,基于车载电子稳定程序传感器信号,采用无迹卡尔曼滤波方法在线实时估计路面附着系数和车辆的质心侧偏角。将估计的质心侧偏角与期望质心侧偏角的偏差作为输入,对车辆进行转向回正滑模控制。在Carsim、Matlab/Simulink和LabVIEW中对车辆不同工况下的转向回正性能进行仿真和硬件在环试验。结果表明,提出的转向回正控制策略能够有效地改善车辆的中心转向性能,使车辆具有良好的回正效果。     

Coordinated control strategies for active steering,differential braking and active suspension for vehicle stability,handling and safety improvement

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a coordinated control strategy is proposed to provide an effective improvement in handling stability of the vehicle, safety, and comfortable ride for passengers. This control strategy is based on the coordination among active steering, differential braking, and active suspension systems. Two families of controllers are used for this purpose, which are the high order sliding mode and the backstepping controllers. The control strategy was tested on a full nonlinear vehicle model in the environment of MATLAB/Simulink. Rollover avoidance and yaw stability control constraints have been considered. The control system mainly focuses on yaw stability control. When rollover risk is detected, the proposed strategy controls the roll dynamics to decrease rollover propensity. Simulation results for two different critical driving scenarios, the first one is a double lane change and the other one is a J-turn manoeuvre, show the effectiveness of the coordination strategy in stabilising the vehicle, enhancing handling and reducing rollover propensity.     

基于主动转向技术的汽车防侧翻控制的研究

以汽车2自由度模型作为参考模型，建立了一种汽车防侧翻的控制方法。该方法采用主动转向技术来改变转向轮的转向角度，有效地减少了汽车的侧向加速度，提高了汽车的防侧翻的能力。在8自山度汽车动力学模型的基础上，运用主动转向技术的控制策略进行了汽车的性能仿真分析。与末采用汽车防侧翻控制系统的汽车动力学分析结果相比，汽车的主动安全性得到了增强。     

Active front wheel steering model and controller for integrated dynamics control systems

We report a model and controller for an active front-wheel steering (AFS) system. Two integrated dynamics control (IDC) systems are designed to investigate the performance of the AFS system when integrated with braking and steering systems. An 8-degrees-of-freedom vehicle model was employed to test the controllers. The controllers were inspected and compared under different driving and road conditions, with and without braking input, and with and without steering input. The results show that the AFS system performs kinematic steering assistance function and kinematic stabilisation function very well. Three controllers allowed the yaw rate to accurately follow a reference yaw rate, improving the lateral stability. The two IDC systems improved the lateral stability and vehicle control and were effective in reducing the sideslip angle.     

对开路面弯道制动ABS控制策略研究

在对开路面弯道制动工况下分析了轮胎受力情况,提出一种基于转角预测前馈、路径偏移量反馈的车辆最佳滑移率动态调节方法,在SIMPACK中建立汽车多体模型,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建控制系统,并进行了虚拟在环试验。试验结果显示,与传统ABS相比,所提出的控制方法可以显著改善车辆的侧偏位移、横摆角速度以及制动时方向的稳定性,保证了制动效能,使车辆侧向稳定性得到显著提高。     

An Emergency Obstacle Avoidance Control Strategy for Automated Highway Vehicles

Summary This paper presents an emergency obstacle avoidance control strategy that may be used in automated highway vehicles. In the proposed control strategy, an inverse vehicle dynamics problem is solved on the selected emergency lane-change path to find out the nominal feedforward control inputs such as the steering wheel angle and the braking force. Then the overall vehicle lateral and yaw motion is controlled additionally in the feedback path by an active yaw moment for stability augmentation as well as a corrective steering angle that is added to the nominal steering angle in order to compensate for uncertainties involved in the nominal control input computation. The proposed control strategy has been tested by an ABS Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation (HILS) system for rapid and safe control prototyping in a lab. Simulation results with a sample emergency avoidance distance (45 m) show that the proposed control strategy may be used as a feasible obstacle avoidance strategy for automated highway vehicles.     

An Emergency Obstacle Avoidance Control Strategy for Automated Highway Vehicles

Summary This paper presents an emergency obstacle avoidance control strategy that may be used in automated highway vehicles. In the proposed control strategy, an inverse vehicle dynamics problem is solved on the selected emergency lane-change path to find out the nominal feedforward control inputs such as the steering wheel angle and the braking force. Then the overall vehicle lateral and yaw motion is controlled additionally in the feedback path by an active yaw moment for stability augmentation as well as a corrective steering angle that is added to the nominal steering angle in order to compensate for uncertainties involved in the nominal control input computation. The proposed control strategy has been tested by an ABS Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation (HILS) system for rapid and safe control prototyping in a lab. Simulation results with a sample emergency avoidance distance (45 m) show that the proposed control strategy may be used as a feasible obstacle avoidance strategy for automated highway vehicles.     

Lateral Control of Commercial Heavy Vehicles

Two nonlinear lateral control algorithms are designed for a tractor-semitrailer type commercial heavy vehicle. The baseline steering control algorithm is designed utilizing input-output linearization. To enhance the lateral stability and furthermore reduce tracking errors of the trailer, braking forces are independently controlled on the inner and outer wheels of the trailer. The coordinated steering and braking control algorithm is designed based on the multivariable backstepping technique. Simulations conducted using the complex model show that the trailer yaw errors under coordinated steering and independent braking force control are much smaller than those without independent braking force control.     

Lateral Control of Commercial Heavy Vehicles

Two nonlinear lateral control algorithms are designed for a tractor-semitrailer type commercial heavy vehicle. The baseline steering control algorithm is designed utilizing input-output linearization. To enhance the lateral stability and furthermore reduce tracking errors of the trailer, braking forces are independently controlled on the inner and outer wheels of the trailer. The coordinated steering and braking control algorithm is designed based on the multivariable backstepping technique. Simulations conducted using the complex model show that the trailer yaw errors under coordinated steering and independent braking force control are much smaller than those without independent braking force control.     

Lateral stability control of dynamic steering for dual motor drive high speed tracked vehicle

In this paper, the torque and power required by dual motors for electric tracked vehicle during dynamic steering maneuvers with different steering radiuses are analyzed. A steering coupling drive system composed of a new type of center steering motor, two Electromagnetic (EM) clutches, two planetary gear couplers, and two propulsion motors is proposed for the dual motors drive high speed electric tracked vehicle (2MHETV), which aims to improve its lateral stability. An average torque direct distribution control strategy based on steering coupling and an optimization-distribution-based close-loop control strategy are designed separately to control the driving torque or regenerative braking torque of two propulsion motors for vehicle stability enhancement. Then models of the 2MHETV and the proposed control strategy are established in Recudyn and Matlab/Simulink respectively to evaluate the lateral stability of dynamic steering for the 2MHETV with different steering radiuses on hard pavement.The simulation results show that the lateral stability of the 2MHETV can be significantly improved by the proposed optimization-distribution-based close-loop control strategy based on steering coupling system.     

制动与转向协调动作的车辆避撞控制研究（双语出版）

为了弥补现有汽车避撞控制策略以及碰撞风险评价指标单一的不足，提出转向和制动协调的主动避撞控制系统。首先规划了五次多项式换道路径，在对其理论分析的基础上得到转向临界避撞距离和与目标车道车辆的安全距离约束。其次，考虑道路附着系数和系统延迟的影响，基于制动过程给出制动临界避撞距离，并以纵向行驶安全系数ξ和碰撞时间倒数T^-1_TC划分安全行驶区域，利用驾驶人实车跟车数据标定稳态跟随/定速巡航区域的阈值。随后，通过转向/制动临界避撞距离的对比给出2种避撞方式的安全收益范围。最后搭建Simulink/CarSim联合仿真模型，并对其进行不同初始条件下的避撞仿真试验。研究结果表明：转向操作在制动距离不足时仍是有效的；当主车高速近距离接近静止前车时，主车可以顺利采取转向换道动作，而常规ACC系统在2.5 s处的车间相对距离为-0.76 m，事实上已经发生了碰撞；当相邻车道前车与主车纵向间距不满足换道安全距离约束时，避撞控制系统进入紧急制动模式，最大制动减速度达到-0.8g（g为重力加速度），实际最小车间距为5.1 m；通过转向和制动的协调动作，充分发挥了车辆的避撞潜力；ξ和T^-1_TC指标的融合，可以更好地评估碰撞风险并实现不同控制模式的转换，在保证行车安全的同时可避免过分制动给乘客造成的紧张感。