悬架设计(下)

四、其它型式弹性元件悬架的设计汽车悬架除采用钢板弹簧之外,还可以采用其它型式的弹性元件(如螺旋弹簧、扭杆弹簧、空气弹簧和油气弹簧等)。用这些弹性元件制的悬架,由于元件只能承受垂直力,因此需要加装导向机构来承受除垂直力以外的力和力矩。这些悬架,除油气弹簧本身又起液力减震器的作用外,其它弹性元件均无阻尼作用,因此需要加装适当阻力的减震器。     

一机部信得过产品介绍NJ130汽车前钢板弹簧

用来连接汽车车架(或车身)和汽车车桥(或车轮)的组合传力机构称作悬架。一般的汽车悬架结构主要由下列三个部分组成即:导向装置、弹性元件和减震器。其中弹性元件的功用是吸收汽车在行驶中来自不平路面所引起的冲击力和汽车在变速时所引起的     

第十章 悬架

汽车悬架是车架(或车身)与车桥(或直接与车轮)之间弹性联接的部件,是由弹性元件、导向装置和减震器等三部分组成。弹性元件是用来传递垂向载荷和缓和、抑制不平路面引起的冲击和振动,其种类有钢板弹簧、螺旋弹簧、扭杆弹簧、油气弹簧、空气弹簧及橡胶弹簧等;导向装置,是由导向杆系组成的,用以确定车轮相对于车架或车身的运动规律,传递除垂向力以外的力和力矩,有些弹性元件本身能兼起导向装置的作用;减震器则用以衰减、限制车身及车轮的振动。小客车的悬架装有横向稳定杆(图249),以提高抵抗车身侧向倾斜的角刚度。     

FSAE赛车悬架系统结构设计

为配合建立中国大学生方程式汽车大赛(FSAE)赛车的虚拟样机模型,根据FSAE赛事规则要求,对赛车悬架系统进行了结构设计。根据设计思路对轮辋、轮距及前后悬架立柱等相关部件进行了选择与设计,在确定采用不等长双横臂式悬架类型的基础上对弹性元件、减振器和导向机构的主要结构尺寸进行了设计计算,并应用软件Pro/E进行了三维建模设计,同时在SolidWorks环境下对前后摇块进行了强度校核。结果表明,前后摇块的最大合位移分别为4.260×10-3,2.838×10-2mm,最大变形均很小,设计的FSAE赛车悬架系统能够满足参赛要求,为进一步的实车研制提供了参考依据。     

轻型车悬架动态优化设计及其应用

在应用五自由度汽车振动模型对汽车悬架参数进行动态最优化设计的基础上，选用变截面主刚度钢板弹簧作为悬架弹性元件，进行了板簧优化设计，并将此方法应用到某轻型平顺性改进工作中，取得了好的实际效果。     

电动汽车悬架系统主动控制策略分析

在电动汽车整体结构中,悬架系统至关重要,它决定了电动汽车行驶过程中的安全与稳定.若悬架系统存在问题,必然会直接影响到电动汽车的正常行驶.因此,在设计电动汽车悬架系统时,应当以悬架系统主动控制策略为核心.为了进一步分析电动汽车悬架系统,以电动汽车悬架系统的概念、功能以及分类为基础,提出了电动汽车悬架系统主动控制策略.通过有效应用电子控制技术,实现对汽车悬架系统的控制,不仅可以实现令人满意的车辆平滑行驶,而且还可以有效提高汽车操控的稳定性.     

悬架弹性元件最佳刚度分布的工程设计方法

基于车辆系统动、静力学分析及优化设计原理,提出了一种旨在揭示汽车悬架弹性元件最佳刚度分布的工程设计新方法,可确定满足整车平顺性和操纵稳定性协调设计要求的悬架弹性元件的刚度特性,从而为弹性元件的结构优化设计提供了目标依据,并通过一个工程实例验证了所提方法的有效性。     

某中型载货汽车弹性元件的设计与有限元方法校验

文章为某型中型载货汽车的悬架弹性元件进行了设计选型。在选定钢板弹簧之后,首先通过传统计算方法对钢板弹簧的各项技术参数进行了设计,并且通过有限元分析软件ANSYS对钢板弹簧进行了强度校验。     

一种轻型载货车后悬架的设计

针对轻型载货车的悬架设计,提出一种有效的设计方案。该方案包括弹性元件和阻尼元件的设计过程。同时对设计方案进行了仿真分析及台架试验,以检验方案的可靠性。汽车悬架系统作为保证车轮或车桥与汽车承载系统之间具有弹性联系并能传递载荷、缓和冲击、衰减振动以及调节汽车行驶中的车身位置的装置,对整车性能指标很大的影响。     

客车悬架系统设计

1前言 舒适性与安全性足客车最重要的使用性能.悬架对整车平顺性与操纵稳定性有重要影响,在悬架的设计中考虑整车的平顺性与操纵稳定性对于提高整车设计质量有重要意义.本文主要以9m客车前后板簧恳架的设计过程,说明客车设计过程中对板簧刚度、减震器参数以及整车侧倾角刚度的计算校核. 2悬架的布置形式 前后悬架均采用少片钢板弹簧,前悬架3片,后悬架4片,前后悬架均匹配减震器,前悬架加装稳定杆.     

汽车磁流变非线性悬架模糊控制

建立了整车悬架系统的三维模型,根据试验数据得出了前后悬架弹簧的非线性特性曲线。前后悬架减振器均采用磁流变减振器,采用Bouc-Wen参数化模型为其阻尼力模型。采用模糊控制算法为整车半主动控制算法,采用ADAMS和Matlab联合对整车平顺性进行仿真。结果表明,采用模糊控制算法控制磁流变非线性悬架可提高整车的平顺性。     

Preview-Based Control of Suspension Systems for Commercial Vehicles

An active suspension with preview is developed for the rear axle of a commercial vehicle. The obtained improvements are promising and justify further investigation of the more feasible semi-active suspensions with preview. The inherent non-linearity of semi-active suspensions with switching shock absorbers and the need for controllers that can handle a broad class of control objectives has led to the development of several numerical control methods for both multi-level and continuously variable shock absorbers. The most promising control method and shock absorber type are selected and mounted in a test vehicle. Some first experimental results are discussed.     

Preview-Based Control of Suspension Systems for Commercial Vehicles

An active suspension with preview is developed for the rear axle of a commercial vehicle. The obtained improvements are promising and justify further investigation of the more feasible semi-active suspensions with preview. The inherent non-linearity of semi-active suspensions with switching shock absorbers and the need for controllers that can handle a broad class of control objectives has led to the development of several numerical control methods for both multi-level and continuously variable shock absorbers. The most promising control method and shock absorber type are selected and mounted in a test vehicle. Some first experimental results are discussed.     

Design Optimization of a Rear Independent Suspension for the Korean Light Tactical Vehicle

Steering and suspension handle the direction of a vehicle according to the driver’s intentions and control the disturbance from the road surface while supporting the vehicle body. The static and dynamic characteristics of two systems are critical factors for the ride comfort and the directional stability. In the layout stage, the hard points of steering and suspension systems are determined. In the next design stage, the detailed design of the system, including gearboxes, springs, shock absorbers, and control links, is carried out. While the optimal hard points of a suspension are determined at the precedent design, interference with other peripheral components should be carefully examined in the detailed design process. In the case of the design point change should be made to avoid the interference, subsequent position and shape changes of the link mechanism are required. Therefore, there is a need to examine the optimization of suspension compliance characteristics with chassis design changes and the durability performance of the modified design. This study proposes an integrated analysis method for the design optimization and the durability evaluation of such optimized design specifications of the rear independent suspension for a military vehicle.     

Design of electromagnetic shock absorbers for automotive suspensions

Electromechanical dampers seem to be a valid alternative to conventional shock absorbers for automotive suspensions. They are based on linear or rotative electric motors. If they are of the DC-brushless type, the shock absorber can be devised by shunting its electric terminals with a resistive load. The damping force can be modified by acting on the added resistance. To supply the required damping force without exceeding in size and weight, a mechanical or hydraulic system that amplifies the speed is required. This paper illustrates the modelling and design of such electromechanical shock absorbers. This paper is devoted to describe an integrated design procedure of the electrical and mechanical parameters with the objective of optimising the device performance. The application to a C class front suspension car has shown promising results in terms of size, weight and performance.     

电驱动桥开发设计流程的研究

电驱动后桥作为集成化的设计可以减少整车空间体积的占用,为整车电池、电机控制器等零部件的布置提供更多的空间,在纯电动商务车中有着很大的优势,文章阐述了一种电驱动后桥开发设计流程的研究方法,为电驱动后桥的开发设计提供更多的研究方法。     

电动汽车的功能造型

为了研究纯电动汽车的功能造型,根据纯电动汽车的工程特点,论述其在造型设计上的设计自由度.根据现有纯电动汽车造型内外饰特征与对应品牌内燃机汽车造型的纵向对比以及不同品牌电动汽车造型特征的横向对比,验证纯电动汽车的功能造型与家族特征融合共存的方式,得出纯电动汽车在车身高度、前后悬长度、空气动力学以及车身电子科技、新材料应用等方面具有巨大优势.     

汽车筒式液阻减振器技术的发展

分析了汽车乘坐舒适性／行驶平顺性和操作稳定性对筒式液阻减振器特性的要求，提出汽车在不同行驶工况减振器特性的要求是不的；分析了被动式减振器的发展历程及非充气和充气减振器的特点，阐述了机械控制式可调阻尼减振器，电子控制式减振器以及电流变和磁流变液体减器等的结构特点，工作原理及其动态特性；分析了筒式液阻减振器其于经验设计／实验修正开发方法的缺点，阐述了基于CAD／CAE技术的现代设计开发方法的过程及其关键问题，最后分析了我国筒式液阻减振器技术的发展状况及问题，展望了减振器技术的发展前景。     

汽车座椅坐垫悬簧的舒适性设计研究

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,舒适性越来越成为广大汽车消费者的关注点,同时提高舒适性也成为各大车辆制造厂家研发设计的重要方向。介绍了汽车座椅坐垫悬簧的相关设计要点,通过坐垫悬簧的结构形式、材料、设计细节等方面来分析坐垫悬簧对人体舒适性的影响,找出基于舒适性的最佳的坐垫悬簧设计方法。     

Full vehicle simulation using thermomechanically coupled hybrid neural network shock absorber model

In the case of full vehicle models, the technique of multi-body simulation (MBS) is frequently used to study their highly non-linear dynamic behaviour. Many non-linearities in vehicle models are induced by force elements like springs, shock absorbers, bushings and tires. Commonly, spline functions are used to represent the force responses of these components. If the non-linear relationships are more complicated, the spline approximations are no more accurate. An alternative approach is based on empirical neural networks which are based on the mathematical approximation of measured data. It is well known that neural networks are able to represent and predict complex component responses accurately. The aim of this paper is to perform a dynamic full vehicle simulation using a thermomechanically coupled hybrid neural network shock absorber model. In this shock absorber model, the spline approach is combined with a temperature-dependent neural network. Based on a displacement-controlled excitation on a four post test rig in the ADAMS/Car MBS software, a rugged test track is simulated. In this way, the front and rear shock absorbers are dynamically loaded with comfort-relevant frequencies in the range of 0.75–30 Hz and velocity amplitudes up to 2 m/s. By the simulation, stability of the hybrid neural network model is demonstrated. Furthermore, the damping force, the vertical acceleration of the chassis and the required simulation times are compared. The standard spline approach is used as a reference.