管道远场涡流无损检测技术综述

远场涡流作为涡流无损检测技术的一个重要分支,目前在各个行业的管道日常维护和安全保障中发挥着重要的作用。文中首先详细叙述了远场涡流无损检测技术的发展历史;对目前国内外远场涡流应用的研究现状和研究热点问题进行了总结和论述;从进一步提高轴向裂纹检测能力,解决使用中支撑板影响问题等方面,探讨了远场涡流无损检测技术的应用发展方向。     

《管道技术与设备》2004年总目次

(期·页 )·设计与研究·螺旋盘管流动特性的实验研究邱　林 ,王文海 (1·1)…………屈服假塑性流体和管流流动及传热规律研究梁昌华 ,张大鹏 ,孙　涛 (1·4)…………………………………………………大型稀疏方程组的解法在输气管数值计算中的应用吴玉国 ,陈保东 ,王玉国 (1·6     

4种常用强化换热管综合性能研究综述

通过对常用的4种强化换热管强化传热机理的详细分析，研究了各自的应用场合和加工工艺。经过对部分国产化项目改造，证明强化效果明显，并结合多年来对波纹换热管的深入研究，提出了目前应重点研究的问题，对已取得的阶段性研究成果进行了扼要介绍。     

高速铁路隧道长度对压缩波波前变形的影响研究

依据一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动理论,以及黎曼变量特征线方法,在控制方程中计入瞬态摩擦项及传热项,对不同长度无碴隧道内压缩波波前变形进行数值模拟。与国外现场试验比较验证,表明本文计算方法和程序是正确的;在长隧道计算工况下,隧道长度对出口处压缩波的压力梯度影响明显,为进一步研究微压波强度提供依据。     

涡流探伤在列管设备检测中的应用

介绍了涡流检测原理、方法及涡流无损探伤在列管式设备检测中的实际应用。同时，对该设备内检测出的存在重大缺陷的列管进行了射线探伤、表面渗透探伤等多种方法的复验，并对该列管进行解剖，再现了缺陷的原貌，从而验证了列管式设备涡流检测方法的可靠性和对实际缺陷判断的准确性，为今后列管式设备的检测提供了一个成功的范例。     

涡流检测技术在管道通径器中的应用研究

管道测径清管器已成为新建管线验收的重要设备之一.针对传统的测径清管器不能准确确定管径变形的具体位置问题,文中提出将涡流检测技术检测管道曲面方法应用于管道通径器中.文中重点介绍了涡流检测技术原理,利用电涡流传感器分别对平面、曲面钢板进行仿真和实验.仿真和实验结果验证了利用电涡流位移传感器对曲面钢板进行检测的可行性和准确性;为新型通径器应用的电涡流位移传感器方案提供依据,提高测径清管器的检测效率.     

利用Fluent软件进行列管式换热器表面传热影响研究

目前对换热器强度分析多利用经验值或厂方提供的技术参数作为边界条件,这样会与换热器的实际工作情况存在较大差异,分析结果也会存在较大误差。文中利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件Fluent对换热器进行了稳定工作状态时的流动和传热数值模拟,比较模型在有无插件时换热性能的区别。可通过增加空气的通流面积来降低风速或者用短插件代替长插件进行改进。要求插件管内空气流速控制在20 m/s内。     

折流杆式换热器在冷却裂解气上的应用

换热器是乙烯装置中冷却裂解气的重要设备，本文通过对应用际冷却压缩机段裂敢上的三台折流杆式换热器进行的试验，证实了折流杆换热器的应用改善了段间冷却效果，减少了冷却水量，对稳定型解气压缩系统的操作起到了较好的作用，从而也说明了折流杆换热在化工行业生产中的强化传热、降低能耗的可靠性。     

基于FLUENT的管壳式换热器数值模拟分析

为了研究管壳式换热器流动状态与传热分析,运用了数值模拟的方法对管壳式换热器进行分析。先使用Gambit对管壳式换热器的三维模型进行构建,然后应用FLUENT软件对模型进行求解,得到了因入口速度不同,温度场、速度矢量场等变化的关系。通过改变折流板间距,分析得到了折流板数目与换热量的关系。     

醋酸生产塔头冷凝器的强化传热与防腐蚀结构设计

醋酸是化学工业的重要原料之一，而且具有很强的腐蚀性。因此，在化学工业的工艺过程中，各种设备防止醋酸的腐蚀成为关键问题。本文在设计醋酸生产塔头冷凝器时，采用了耐醋酸腐蚀较好的材料，并根据醋酸在冷凝器中的工作特点，在结构设计上，采用了U型冷凝管结构，避免了焊缝的热影响区暴露于醋酸的强腐蚀区域。同时，冷凝器的冷凝管进行了强化传热设计，用强化传热型的换热管－－横槽波纹管代替传统的光滑管，从而达到强化传热，节约能源的目的。根据塔头冷凝器的实际使用效果说明，该冷凝器的设计是成功的，到目前为止，使用寿命延长了二倍，节约用水50％以上。     

高速公路改扩建工程水土保持监测与评价

开展水土流失监测是水土保持监管的重要手段。文章以广西沿海高速公路改扩建工程一期工程水土保持监测实践为例,分析了工程建设水土流失特点,介绍了水土保持监测技术和方法,并通过对工程实例监测结果的分析评价,提出了水土保持监测工作中易出现的问题及相应的解决方案。     

Logsums for utility-maximizers and regret-minimizers,and their relation with desirability and satisfaction

This paper studies to what extent the Logsum-measure of user benefits relates to travelers’ perceptions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. Knowing these relations is important since researchers have recently started to analyze and interpret user benefits in general – and Logsums in specific – in terms of these more behaviorally oriented notions, rather than in terms of expected utility. Participants to a stated route choice experiment were asked to indicate, after each choice made, to what extent they considered the choice set to be desirable, or to what extent they were satisfied with the chosen alternative. These measurements were correlated with Logsums that were computed for each choice situation. In addition, the paper derives a regret-based Logsum (which gives the expected regret of a choice situation) and presents a comparison with its utilitarian counterpart. Also for this regret-based Logsum, correlations with desirability- and satisfaction-ratings are computed. As a general finding, it appears that all computed correlations are rather weak. This suggests that, at least in the context of our data, the utility-based Logsum and its regret-based counterpart appear to have only a fairly weak connection with the behavioral notions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction.     

公路与水路运输节能减排量化分析和比较

通过研究汽车与船舶的油耗特点,结合燃油种类与CO_2排放量的关系,建立了计算公路运输与水路运输单位耗油量与单位CO_2排放量的数学模型。通过敏感性分析,研究车速或航速与载货率对车辆或船舶单位CO_2排放量的影响。以从厦门港到盐田港的干散货运输为例,做了节能减排计算分析,并将结果与用其他方法获得的结果对比。在此基础上,对公路运输与水路运输节能减排做了敏感性分析研究,可以计算出能够体现水路运输节能减排优势的临界货运量。结果表明本文中介绍的方法能够为核算、比较公路运输与水路运输的节能减排效果提供更科学的量化参考。     

Resilience and accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities

Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands.     

隧道及地下工程结构防排水技术的发展和应用

文章总结了大瑶山隧道修建以来其复合式衬砌结构防排水试验研究和应用情况,介绍了塑料防水隔离层的防水机理及各种防水型式的优缺点,提出了改进建议.     

互联互通,走向繁荣

设施联通是"一带一路"国际合作高峰论坛六个平行主题会议之一,以"互联互通、走向繁荣"为主题,各国共商共议交通、能源、通信等设施联通务实合作。随着未来全球范围内基础设施的升级换代和互联互通,交通、能源与通信技术融合发展,催生新的业态,是拉动经济增长的新动能。在新一代基础设施网络体系的建设中,后发国家面临跨越发展的难得机遇,中国基础设施发展的经验具有重要借鉴意义。     

Subjective well-being and travel: retrospect and prospect

Although the improvement of well-being is often an implicitly-assumed goal of many, if not most, public policies, the study of subjective well-being (SWB) and travel has so far been confined to a relatively small segment of the travel behavior community. Accordingly, one main purpose of this paper is to introduce a larger share of the community to some fundamental SWB-related concepts and their application in transportation research, with the goal of attracting others to this rewarding area of study. At the same time, however, I also hope to offer some useful reflections to those already working in this field. After discussing some basic issues of terminology and measurement of SWB, I present from the literature four conceptual models relating travel and subjective well-being. Following one of those models, I review five ways in which travel can influence well-being. I conclude by examining some challenges associated with assessing the impacts of travel on well-being, as well as challenges associated with applying what we learn to policy.

     

材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划技术成果简介

当前,加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会已提升为国家战略。交通运输部为加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型交通,组织开展了“材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划”。通过专项行动大力推广路面再生技术、废胎胶粉筑路应用技术、机制砂混凝土技术以及聚合物改性水泥混凝土技术等西部交通建设科技项目成果,以为交通建设资源的高效利用和循环使用提供示范。本刊现以专栏形式介绍上述成果的相关内容,以飨读者。