通过控制过量空气系数提高注汽锅炉热效率

通过理论分析及现场测试 ,分析了过量空气系数对注汽锅炉热效率的影响 ,得出了在注汽锅炉实际运行中应加强对过量空气系数的监控 ,使过量空气系数降低 ,从而提高注汽锅炉热效率的结论     

基于物联网技术的换热站自动控制系统

采用物联网技术、传感器技术、自动控制技术,下位机采用PLCS7—200系列及触摸屏,上位机采用组态软件,设计了一套无人值守换热站自动控制系统,实时检测换热站现场运行参数,调节阀门的开度,控制循环泵定温定频运行以及补水泵自动补水。同时,通过物联网技术,实时将换热站监测数据、报警数据、阀门开度等信息传输至因特网,实现数据的远程监控与调节,并能够根据设备运行情况,随时设置运行参数,实现换热站的自动控制。     

地源热泵技术在高速公路服务站区的应用

高速公路收费站、服务区一般远离市区、城镇,不便接入市政集中供热系统,须独立设置供热与制冷系统。地源热泵空调系统是一项先进的空调技术,利用大地温度相对恒定的特性,解决了冬季采暖、夏季制冷问题,属可再生能源利用技术,与采用锅炉(煤、油、电)供暖+分体空调制冷方式相比较,系统简单,运行费用低,降低能耗,不污染环境,节能、环保效果显著。     

合理分配驱动单元输出功率降低设备运转总体能耗

BZJ皮带机是煤二期预留煤炭堆场重要的设备,驱动单元由3台功率为280KW的电机组成。经过多年使用和试运行,在满足设备启动、运行的情况下,采用三机启动双机运行改造,并运行半年至今,效果良好。本文分别从改造原理和节能数据进两方面进行了探讨。     

远洋船舶供油单元辅助电加热装置

船舶供油单元燃油原来是由燃油/废气组合锅炉提供蒸汽加热,船舶正常负荷航行时,加热介质由废气锅炉产生蒸汽能满足加热燃油之需,停航与锚泊时由燃油锅炉产生蒸汽来满足燃油加热之需。供油单元加装辅助电加热装置后,船舶停航与锚泊时,在一定时间内(5~6天)由电加热装置替代燃油锅炉;在船舶航行期间,降速航行而导致废气锅炉蒸汽不足时由电加热替代锅炉燃烧产生加热介质保证燃油的温度,保证船舶正常航行,从而节约船舶能耗。     

1000MW超临界锅炉低再管外壁腐蚀膜微观分析

为了保障超临界锅炉的长期安全稳定运行和降低检修成本,文中借助于OM、SEM、EDS、XRD等对1 000 MW超临界锅炉低再管表面腐蚀产物的形貌、元素组成及分布、物相构成等进行了分析。试验结果表明:1 000 MW超临界锅炉低再管垂直段表面的腐蚀层为两层,内层由Fe_2O_3、Fe_3O_4和少量Cr的氧化物构成,外层由Si、Al和Fe的氧化物构成。同时该锅炉的长时间超温运行加大了腐蚀膜开裂剥落的几率,进而造成了管子的腐蚀损伤,增加了爆管的可能性。     

夹具带压堵漏技术的应用研究与改进

在电厂系统运行时,阀门及管道法兰处容易发生泄漏,影响机组的安全可靠运行。夹具带压堵漏技术可实现机组的不停机检修。结合现场大量的实践应用,介绍了带压堵漏技术的工作原理、研究现状、操作中的关键技术。通过该技术在某电厂的应用,总结出影响堵漏成功的主要因素,针对夹具设计中的不足,提出了夹具改进的方法及新型螺栓带压堵漏工具的设计方法,提高了堵漏成功率。     

FHC-AB型节能涂料在油田注汽锅炉中的应用

针对油田专用高压注汽锅炉燃料消耗过大的问题,引进FHC-AB新型节能涂料,涂刷在油田高压注汽锅炉受热炉管表面上,经检验,锅炉热效率提高2%,节能效果良好.     

基于GAN网络的地铁制动闸瓦异常检测系统

地铁车辆单元制动机作为车轮闸片的制动动力来源,在保证车辆正常行驶过程中起到了至关重要的作用.其中车轮闸片在车辆运行过程中,要进行高频的调速和停车,极易发生破裂,对单元制动机的稳定运行造成威胁.因此,本文提出了一种GAN网络的异常检测系统,系统由图像数据采集模块、图像预处理模块、算法分析模块和后处理模块四部分组成.本系统可以准确可靠的检测出制动闸瓦的破损、部分缺失等异常状态,定位异常区域,减少安全隐患,进一步确保地铁车辆的正常行驶,保障乘客的生命安全.     

锅炉管道三通焊缝裂纹分析及预防研究

文中通过对HG-1900/25.4-YM7型600 MW超临界变压运行直流锅炉管道三通焊缝裂纹进行缺陷分析,结合金相和硬度检测,确定主蒸汽管道三通两侧焊缝设计不合理、主蒸汽管道管系与支吊架布置是造成缺陷焊缝的主要原因。提出了预防措施方案,对锅炉启停进行应力分析,对锅炉钢材蠕变疲劳问题进行寿命估算,结合应力分析与寿命估算进一步改进焊接技术,全方位地加强对焊缝的检验。     

智能型阀门电动执行机构控制器的研制

介绍了一种具有新型的阀门电动执行机构的智能控制器的设计与开发。该控制器采用DSP作为主控制单元,采用矢量控制策略控制感应电动机,组成了一个集本地控制、远程控制、状态指示等功能于一体的智能系统,适用于各类工业控制阀。     

长输天然气管道压气站场控制系统整合的研究

长输天然气管道压气站场控制由站场控制系统和压缩机控制系统组成,两部分控制系统通过通讯连接将数据传输至调控中心和站场PLC,但站控系统和压缩机控制系统、压缩机控制系统和辅助系统相互独立,这是目前压气站场控制的普遍模式。通过将单台压缩机组与相应辅助系统控制进行整合、与全部机组相关的生产辅助系统同站控系统进行整合,整合后的压气站场由原有的三部分控制调整为站控系统PLC统一监视控制。控制系统整合将分散的控制功能集中,站场内全部设备实现远程操作,数据、故障集中监视方便问题处理,同时减少了冗余设备。     

Development and testing of a fully Adaptive Cruise Control system

Adaptive Cruise Control systems have been developed and introduced into the consumer market for over a decade. Among these systems, fully-adaptive ones are required to adapt their behaviour not only to traffic conditions but also to drivers’ preferences and attitudes, as well as to the way such preferences change for the same driver in different driving sessions. This would ideally lead towards a system where an on-board electronic control unit can be asked by the driver to calibrate its own parameters while he/she manually drives for a few minutes (learning mode). After calibration, the control unit switches to the running mode where the learned driving style is applied. The learning mode can be activated by any driver of the car, for any driving session and each time he/she wishes to change the current driving behaviour of the cruise control system.The modelling framework which we propose to implement comprises four layers (sampler, profiler, tutor, performer). The sampler is responsible for human likeness and can be calibrated while in learning mode. Then, while in running mode, it works together with the other modelling layers to implement the logic. This paper presents the overall framework, with particular emphasis on the sampler and the profiler that are explained in full mathematical detail. Specification and calibration of the proposed framework are supported by the observed data, collected by means of an instrumented vehicle. The data are also used to assess the proposed framework, confirming human-like and fully-adaptive characteristics.     

用PLC实现热媒炉自动控制

在管道输送石油的生产过程中,热媒炉是给原油进行加热的设备。设计的控制系统能否正常运行,关系到输油的安全、节能。以铁大线的加热炉为例,用PLC逻辑控制器实现热媒炉自动化控制,结合热媒炉工作原理,以S7-300PLC为炉控系统,实现热媒炉助燃空气和燃料油的自动控制与优化燃烧,达到了节能、降耗、保安全的目的。     

Physical distribution from a warehouse: Vehicle coverage and inventory levels

This paper studies the costs involved in distributing items from a warehouse or depot to randomly scattered customers on a day-to-day basis. Two trade-offs are explored simultaneously. The first one arises because by accumulating large inventories at the depot it is possible to build more efficient distribution tours. This trade-off has already been explored for both distribution of goods (Burns et al., 1983) and passengers (Daganzo et al., 1977; Hendrickson, 1978). Another tradeoff, which involves the length of individual vehicle tours (Clarens and Hurdle, 1975), balances the inventory inside the vehicles against the transportation cost. Banks et al. (1982) have considered both of these tradeoffs simultaneously in the context of passenger transportation, but used a somewhat unrealistic model for vehicle routing. This paper is similar to the latter reference but uses a different routing strategy. It also illustrates how the nature of the objects carried (cheap goods, expensive goods, people, etc.) affects the optimal configuration of the distribution system and the overall distribution costs. Usually there is an optimum partitioning of the service area into districts and an optimum dispatching frequency in each district. The results can vary tremendously, depending on factors such as: the inventory carrying cost per item per unit time, the transportation costs, the demand per unit area and unit time, the average distance from the depot, the average vehicle speed and the time per stop.As an illustration of the ideas, a hypothetical limousine service from an airport is analyzed. The example is used to demonstrate how dramatically the optimal system configuration depends on the nature of the items carried.     

变频调节阀在甲醇精馏工艺控制中的应用

通过采用变频调节阀,配合PLC的软件编程,能够使甲醇精馏工艺控制系统的调节阀在一个高水平状态下运行。变频调节阀是采用变频器主回路的电动调节阀,并通过改变节流方式来控制流量,所以它既是一种有效的调节手段,同时又是一个节流节能、降低环境污染的部件,很值得在相关企业推广使用。     

A methodology for assessing eco-cruise control for passenger vehicles

This paper compares and assesses fuel consumption models, cost functions, and solution methods, as they all have an influence on the resulting profile and associated fuel savings of an eco-cruise control system for passenger vehicles. An eco-cruise control system uses road topographical data obtained from a high-resolution digital map to control the vehicle velocity to optimize its fuel consumption. The optimal velocity profile is the result of an optimal control problem.     

Hierarchical control strategies for energy management of connected hybrid electric vehicles in urban roads

This paper presents a fuel efficient control strategy for a group of connected hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) in urban road conditions. A hierarchical control architecture is proposed in this paper for every HEV, where the higher level and the lower level controller share information with each other and solve two different problems that aim at improving its fuel efficiency. The higher level controller of each HEV is considered to utilize traffic light information, through vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication, and state information of the vehicles in its near neighborhood, via vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication. Apart from that, the higher level controller of each HEV uses the recuperation information from the lower level controller and provides it the optimal velocity profile by solving its problem in a model predictive control framework. Each lower level controller uses adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) for following their velocity profiles, obtained from the higher level controller, in a fuel efficient manner. In this paper, the vehicles are modeled in Autonomie software and the simulation results are provided in the paper that shows the effectiveness of the proposed control architecture.     

Hierarchical perimeter control with guaranteed stability for dynamically coupled heterogeneous urban traffic

Perimeter control based on the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) is widely developed for alleviating or postponing congestion in a protected region. Recent studies reveal that traffic conditions might not be improved if the perimeter control strategies are applied to unstable systems where high demand generates heavy and heterogeneously distributed traffic congestion. Therefore, considering stability of the targeted traffic system is essential, for the sake of developing a feasible and then optimal control strategy. This paper sheds light on this direction. It integrates a stability characterization algorithm of MFD system equations into the Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme, and features respectively an upper and a lower bound of the feasible control inputs, to guarantee system stability. Firstly, the dynamics of traffic heterogeneity and its effect on the MFD are analyzed, using real data from Guangzhou in China. Piecewise affine functions of average flow are proposed to capture traffic heterogeneity in both regional and subregional MFDs. Secondly, stability of a three-state two-region system is investigated via stable equilibrium and surface boundaries analysis. Finally, a three-layer hierarchical control strategy is introduced for the studied two-region heterogeneous urban networks. The first layer of the controller calculates the stable surface boundaries for the given traffic demands and then determines the bounds of control input (split rate). An MPC approach in the second layer is used to solve an optimization problem with two objectives of minimizing total network delay and maximizing network throughput. Heterogeneity among the subregions is minimized in the last layer by implementing simultaneously a subregional perimeter flow control and an internal flow control. The effectiveness and stability of the proposed control approach are verified by comparison with four existing perimeter control strategies.     

多通道TOFD自动超声检测设备

超声衍射时差法（Time of flight diffraction,TOFD）是近几年开始推广应用的检测技术,具有对各向裂纹检出率高、检测快的优点,国内已经用于锅炉检测等行业,还未应用于长输管道热煨弯管检测领域。针对热煨弯管需要全部超声检查的工程需求,通过对多通道TOFD检测技术的研究,解决了多通道TOFD硬件检测系统研制和分层TOFD检测数学模型的设计等关键技术难题,研发出以分层TOFD检测技术为基础的热煨弯管裂纹自动超声检测设备,实现对厚壁热煨弯管管材质量的二维全自动超声检测,满足对弯管质量检测速度快、检出率高等技术需求。