甲醇与汽油混合气形成的可视化试验与数值模拟

为了研究甲醇的喷雾碰壁及混合气形成特性,搭建了定容燃烧弹装置,对甲醇和汽油的喷雾特性进行了可视化研究,同时采集压力以分析喷雾碰壁飞溅后的蒸发及油膜蒸发特性,并对数值模拟中的喷雾模型进行了标定,在此基础上利用CFD软件在某一进气道喷射发动机燃烧系统模型上分别对甲醇和汽油混合气形成过程的喷雾碰壁,液滴、油膜的发展及混合气浓度分布进行了模拟分析和对比,为发动机燃用甲醇的性能变化及所需调整提供了理论依据。     

缸内直喷汽油机多孔喷油器喷雾特性试验研究

为了研究缸内直喷汽油机多孔喷油器的喷雾特性,建立了定容喷雾试验装置,对不同环境压力和不同喷油压力条件下的自由喷雾和碰壁喷雾过程进行了拍摄,分析了壁面距离和壁面倾角对喷雾特性的影响。研究发现:多孔喷油器与传统的旋流式喷油器的喷雾特性存在较大差异。多孔喷油器的喷雾锥角受环境压力影响较小;随着环境背压的增大,贯穿距离和喷雾锥角呈现先增大后减小的特点;喷雾锥角随着喷射压力的提高略有增加。在碰壁喷雾发展过程中,不同环境压力下喷雾油束与壁面接触面积接近;随着壁面距离的增加,碰壁喷雾高度递减,碰壁后的喷雾高度存在波动;随着壁面倾角的增大,碰壁喷雾高度和增大。在壁面倾角的增大过程中,影响碰壁喷雾半径的因素较多,呈现出较复杂的变化规律。以上研究为多孔喷油器的设计及其与燃烧室的匹配提供了理论依据。     

空气辅助和无空气辅助SCR系统尿素喷雾特性的对比试验研究

利用高速摄影技术,对空气辅助和无空气辅助两种典型的柴油机氮氧化物(NOx)选择催化还原(SCR)尿素喷射系统,在常温常压下的尿素喷雾特性和在定容燃烧弹内对空气辅助喷射系统在不同温度下的尿素喷雾特性进行了可视化试验研究.结果表明,随着尿素溶液喷射速率的提高,空气辅助喷射系统的喷雾贯穿距增大,喷雾锥角变小,且随着环境温度的上升贯穿距明显减小,发生碰壁现象的可能性减小;而无空气辅助喷射系统的喷雾形态则基本不受喷射速率的影响.应用粒子动态分析仪(PDA)对两种喷射系统的喷雾粒径分布进行的测试结果表明,空气辅助喷射系统的喷雾液滴粒径明显小于无空气辅助喷射系统,因而具有良好的喷雾特性.     

汽油高压旋流喷雾的数值模拟和试验研究

建立了GDI的汽油喷雾和混合气形成的数值模型，对不同喷油压力、燃烧室背压对静态喷雾的影响做了数值模拟，并利用CCD相机在定容燃烧弹中对GDI发动机高压旋流喷油器产生的喷雾作了高速摄影，通过与模拟计算结果的对比，分析了汽油高压旋流喷雾的发展过程。     

柴油碰壁喷雾特性试验研究

研究了柴油在不同喷射和环境条件下的碰壁喷雾特性,包括喷射压力、环境压力、碰壁距离、壁面温度和壁面表面粗糙度。通过试验获得了碰壁后油束铺展半径(R_W)和卷吸高度(H_W)的数据,评估了各个参数对R_W和H_W的影响。其中,喷射压力对RW的影响最明显,其次是环境压力,碰壁距离的影响最小;对H_W影响最明显的因素仍然是喷射压力,其次是碰壁距离,环境压力的影响最小。     

一款1.5L缸内直喷汽油机的燃烧系统设计

基于进气道三维流场测试装置、定容弹喷雾试验台和光学单缸机测试系统组成的缸内直喷汽油机燃烧系统可视化开发平台,开发设计了满足设计要求的高性能进气道,并匹配了缸盖燃烧室和活塞,有助于缸内混合气的形成,提高燃烧速率;综合考虑排放与机油稀释量的基础上,优化设计了喷雾靶点。对所设计的燃烧系统进行了光学单缸机试验和热力学多缸机试验验证。结果表明,进气道和燃烧室组织引导的气流在缸内形成高滚流,对喷雾油束有强烈的弯卷作用,极大促进了均质混合气的形成,并减小喷雾碰壁的风险;喷雾靶点的合理设计有效避免喷雾油束与壁面的碰撞,减少了机油稀释率和起燃工况HC排放;所设计的燃烧系统搭载1.5TGDI发动机实现了80kW/L、最大扭矩250N·m、排放较低的性能指标。     

现代缸内直喷式汽油机(十六)

（接上期）10.4燃烧◆热力学优越性与进气道喷射或壁面引导缸内直接喷射燃烧过程相比,梅塞德斯-奔驰公司开发的油束引导燃烧过程在热力学上具有明显的优越性。与λ=1运行的进气道喷射汽油机相比,缸内直喷式汽油机在充量分层运行时具有明显大的潜力。     

奔驰轿车3.5L-V6汽油机解析(一)

<正>一、M272 KE 35 V6进气道喷射汽油机2004年奔驰公司将内部型号为M272 KE 35 V6的3.5L-V6进气道喷射汽油机搭载于新款SLK轿车推向市场,它是新汽油机系列的基本机型。在随后的几年中,这种新型90°-V6四气门自然吸气进气道喷射汽油机系列就逐步替代了久经考验的M112-V型汽油机系列在全球应用。这种机型的特点是低行驶燃油消耗和低废气排放值以及良好的声学特性,其中发动机对不同车型的专门匹配起到了非常重要的作用。     

复合引导二冲程直喷汽油机混合气形成的解析

提出了一种适用于二冲程直喷汽油机的喷雾-壁面复合引导燃烧系统,采用光学纹影法验证了计算方法可行,使用Fire2011数值解析部分负荷工况下分层混合气的形成过程。结果表明:在部分负荷工况下,不同喷射时刻与喷射持续时间内,接近点火时刻(BTDC 20°CA)时从四孔喷油器喷出的汽油喷束,在活塞凹坑的卷吸涡及进气涡流的作用下,会形成稳定的分层混合气构造,其整个燃烧室空燃比达到40∶1以上。     

2．0L涡轮增压进气道喷射与缸内直接喷射汽油机应用无节气门负荷控制策略的对比研究

对1台2．0L涡轮增压进气道喷射汽油机和1台对比用的2．0L涡轮增压缸内直接喷射汽油机进行了台架试验研究，这2台汽油机都采用全机械式连续可变气门升程技术的无节气门负荷控制策略。对比中使用的基础发动机是不带连续可变气门升程机构的缸内直接喷射涡轮增压汽油机。运行试验重点是研究部分负荷时的燃油耗及全负荷时的低速最大扭矩。在这...     

容弹实验装置的混合气配制及点火系统

定容燃烧弹主要模拟活塞在上止点附近内燃机的燃烧，其特点是能较方便地改变热力参数、湍流参数以及点火参数。设计了一种可变湍流参数定容燃烧弹实验装置，以用于预混燃烧的研究，详细介绍了该实验装置的混合气配制和主点火系统的设计原理、组成及其特点。     

Low temperature premixed combustion within a small bore high speed direct injection (HSDI) optically accessible diesel engine using a retarded single injection

An optically accessible single-cylinder high speed direct-injection (HSDI) Diesel engine equipped with a Bosch common rail injection system was used to study low temperature Modulated Kinetics (MK) combustion with a retarded single main injection. High-speed liquid fuel Mie-scattering was employed to investigate the liquid distribution and evolution. By carefully setting up the optics, three-dimensional images of fuel spray were obtained from both the bottom of the piston and the side window. The NOx emissions were measured in the exhaust pipe. The influence of injection pressure and injection timing on liquid fuel evolution and combustion characteristics was studied under similar fuel quantities. Interesting spray development was seen from the side window images. Liquid impingement was found for all of the cases due to the small diameter of the piston bowl. The liquid fuel tip hits the bowl wall obliquely and spreads as a wall jet in the radial direction of the spray. Due to the bowl geometry, the fuel film moves back into the central part of the bowl, which enhances the air-fuel mixing process and prepares a more homogeneous air-fuel mixture. Stronger impingement was seen for high injection pressures. Injection timing had little effect on fuel impingement. No liquid fuel was seen before ignition, indicating premixed combustion for all the cases. High-speed combustion video was taken using the same frame rate. Ignition was seen to occur on or near the bowl wall in the vicinity of the spray tip, with the ignition delay being noticeably longer for lower injection pressure and later injection timing. The majority of the flame was confined to the bowl region throughout the combustion event. A more homogeneous and weaker flame was observed for higher injection pressures and later injection timing. The combustion structure also proves the mixing enhancement effect of the liquid fuel impingement. The results show that ultra-low sooting combustion is feasible in an HSDI diesel engine with a higher injection pressure, a higher EGR rate, or later injection timing, with little penalty on power output. It was also found that injection timing has more influence on HCCI-like combustion using a single main injection than the other two factors studied. Compared with the base cases, simultaneous reductions of soot and NOx were obtained by increasing EGR rate and retarding injection timing. By increasing injection pressure, NOx emissions were increased due to leaner and faster combustion with better air-fuel mixing. However, smoke emissions were significantly reduced with increased injection pressure.     

燃烧室形状对直喷式柴油机燃烧过程影响的仿真研究

利用CFD模拟软件Fire模拟研究了柴油机不同径深比的缩口形燃烧室对缸内混合气形成、燃烧过程和排放物形成的影响。研究结果表明:三维仿真模拟缸内压力和放热率曲线与试验值基本一致;SF5型燃烧室喷雾贯穿距长,喷雾碰壁早,燃油蒸气反弹使得喷雾分布不均匀,局部出现缺氧,炭烟排放较高;SF5型燃烧室缸内混合气混合良好,燃烧完全,缸内温度较高,NOx生成量大,可以采取推迟喷油的方式降低缸内燃烧温度,从而降低NOx排放。     

用于气体燃料的定容燃烧系统的开发与试验

开发了1种用于研究气体燃料燃烧特性的定容燃烧装置。该装置主要由燃烧弹本体、进排气、温控、压力采集、高速摄影及同步控制等系统组成。在该装置上进行了甲烷—空气混合气的燃烧试验,研究了混合气的初始压力、初始温度及当量比对燃烧压力的影响。结果表明:相同初始压力下,燃烧压力及压力峰值随初始温度的升高而降低,压力升高率有所增大;相同初始温度下,整个燃烧过程中的压力随初始压力升高而增大,压力升高率基本不随初始压力变化;随着的增加,燃烧压力峰值和压力升高率先增加后减小,并在φ=1.0时取得最大值,同时,燃烧压力出现峰值所用的时间随的增加先减少后增加,在φ=1.0时取得最小值。     

电极间隙对离子电流的影响研究

采用不同间隙的电极测量定容燃烧弹中当量空燃比的天然气—空气混合气燃烧产生的离子电流,通过高速摄影仪拍摄火焰纹影照片,同时记录下燃烧室压力,对比燃烧室压力、火焰照片与离子电流发现,设计的测量电极可以检测离子电流,测量电极间隙的大小不影响离子电流曲线的形态,但随着电极间隙的增大,离子电流幅值减小,电流出现时间推后。     

Numerical study of the early injection parameters on wall wetting characteristics of an HCCI diesel engine using early injection strategy

Wall wetting in the early injection period has been proved to be unavoidable in the HCCI (Homogeneous charge compression ignition) diesel engine using early injection strategy, which directly affects in-cylinder fuel-air mixture formation. In this study, the effects of the early injection parameters (injection timing, injection angle and injection pressure) on wall wetting characteristics of an HCCI diesel engine using early injection strategy have been numerically investigated. The variations of maximum wall film mass, evaporated wall film mass and residual wall film mass have been summarized. The concept of MHI (Mixture Homogenous Index) is introduced to evaluate the homogeneity of fuel-air mixture in the wall wetting region. In additions, the effects of the early injection parameters on the HC (Hydrocarbon Compounds) and CO (Carbon Monoxide) emissions have also been discussed. Results showed that in order to decrease the HC and CO emission caused by wall wetting as low as possible, it was better to increase the injection pressure and to advance the injection timing. The most effective method was to narrow the injection angle, In addition, the impingement target should be considered for choosing the injection timing and injection angle, and the impingement target of the piston bowl lip was recommended due to the enhancement of the atomization and the higher surface temperature.     

基于化学反应动力学耦合G方程的定容弹爆震燃烧研究

由于爆震受多方面的因素共同影响,且这些因素往往是相互耦合在一起,直接在内燃机上对各因素进行解耦进而研究单因素对爆震的影响几乎不可能。针对上述问题,首先基于化学反应动力学和G方程火焰面模型建立了长方体燃烧弹内的爆震燃烧三维C FD模型;然后在该模型基础上把初始压力、初始气温和初始壁温（末端）设为独立变量,系统地研究了各变量对正庚烷与空气混合气的爆震界限及爆震强度的影响。结果表明：当初始压力不高于0．25 M Pa时,初始气温和末端壁温在300～700 K之间无论如何变化都不会发生爆震;当初始气温不高于450 K时,初始压力在0．2～0．5 M Pa之间、末端壁温在300～700 K之间无论如何变化也都不会发生爆震。同时发现最大压力振幅可作为发生爆震与否的判据,本研究中只要最大压力振幅不高于0．02 M Pa即不会发生爆震。