港口集装箱吊具的形式和应用

集装箱吊具是装卸集装箱的专用工具，通常与岸边集装箱起重机、轮胎式集装箱门式起重机、轨道式集装箱门式起重机、集装箱跨式运输车和门座起重机等装卸设备配合使用。它具有与集装箱箱体相适应的结构，通过转锁与箱体的箱角件连接进行起吊作业。集装箱吊具按有无动力源可以分为无动力吊具和有动力吊具。无动力吊具应用很少，本文不做介绍。     

一种折叠式集装箱设计方案

正现代集装箱大多由钢质材料焊接而成,自身质量较重且体积较大,导致空箱运输时占用空间较大,并且在缺少起吊设备或设备能力有限的情况下搬运不便。通过将箱体设计成折叠式结构,可以大大缩小空箱占用的空间,从而节省空箱堆存费用;此外,在折叠式集装箱箱体上设置牵引装置,能够方便快捷地对箱体进行转运,从而提升空箱装卸和运输效率,降低空箱运输成本。1折叠式集装箱整体设计方案折叠式集装箱由箱体和牵引装置组成(见图1),     

环卫集装箱变形度自动检测系统的设计与实现

针对20英尺环卫集装箱的结构特点与运输条件,研究适用于环卫集装箱在载重情况下箱体变形的检测方法,应用激光测距技术,设计和开发环卫集装箱箱体变形度检测系统,对箱体变形性态进行分析判别,以确保垃圾在末端处置中,满载的集装箱能正常装船运输,防止因箱体变形对导轨的损坏。通过大量的现场实验,验证了检测方法和系统的可行性。     

冷藏集装箱顶门的设计

作为专门的冷链物流装备,冷藏集装箱在全球已得到广泛应用。标准冷藏集装箱的箱门通常设置在箱体后端,便于装货托盘及叉车的进出。后来,为满足侧面装卸货物的需求,侧开门结构的冷藏集装箱应运而生。随着客户对货物装卸要求的不断变化,在箱体顶部设置箱门也逐渐成为冷藏集装箱的发展趋势之一。与后端开门及侧开门结构冷藏集装箱相比,     

应变片在集装箱应力测试中的应用

通过应用应变片对集装箱上的应力集中区和弹性变形区进行应变测量,从而计算出集装箱材料的实际应力值,在保证集装箱足够强度的前提下,合理设计箱体结构。     

如何破解外贸危险品集装箱监管困境

1956年，世界第一个集装箱问世。50年以后，世界集装箱海运总量达到了1．19亿标箱。集装箱的迅速发展归功于两大因素：一是箱体的密闭性；二是箱体的标准化。然而，集装箱的密闭性这一特征被一些不法商人或代理人利用。     

日渐受宠的可换箱体

可换箱体是欧洲特有的运输工具,由于它有利于公路、铁路换装,节省转运时间和费用,因此在长途陆上运输方面颇有竞争力。但可换箱体不适合于近海轮渡运输。可换箱体的制造和营运费用都低于拖车,因此可以降低长途卡车运输的费用。但是,去年以来可换箱体与国际标准海运集装箱之间的差异已经缩小。海上集装箱租赁公司今年采用了一种新型的长度为13.6米的A型可换箱体,满载时可堆两层高,空载时堆三层高。其意义在于可以用在近海滚装运输、内河驳运、公路、铁路联运     

CIMC冷藏箱轻量化之路

中国国际海运集装箱（集团）股份有限公司（CIMC）长期致力于改善产品性能,使产品向轻量、环保、安全、智能的方向发展。CIMC的集装箱轻量化变革始自20世纪90年代,当时北美内陆客户对箱体自重的要求较高，而对箱体耐腐蚀性能的要求较低。为满足客户要求，CIMC对箱体材料进行改进，箱体框架采用高强度钢BS700代替考登钢，     

工残箱处理的一般原理和程序

在集装箱码头的生产过程中，由于各种原因会造成集装箱箱体损坏，如司机操作不当或者在场箱由于外部原因（如门到门车辆碰刮）造成箱体损坏，但是由于监护不到位未能找到相关责任人。为了便于表述，本文将以上情况的损坏箱体统称为工残箱。随着码头生产量的逐年增长，工残箱的发生量也在逐年增加，如果处理不当就会对码头的生产和信誉造成不良影响。本文就工残箱发生后如何处理给出一般性的原则和程序。     

一种港口件杂货集装箱装卸平台

为提升纸浆集装箱疏港作业效率、减少对疏港集装箱箱体的损坏,研制了一种港口件杂货集装箱装卸平台,给出了平台技术方案、作业工艺方案及主要技术革新要点。应用表明,该平台可提升纸浆集装箱装卸效率,降低集装箱箱体损坏率,降低能耗,可在港口件杂货集装箱装卸中应用。     

集装箱船的大型化开发及其引发的问题

首先概要介绍近年来世界集装箱船大型化的发展，接着分析指出，远洋运输成本低廉是集装箱船大型化发展的驱动力，然后提出大型化发展中出现的3个问题值得讨论。第一个问题是大型化发展受港口航道水深、码头装卸机械等条件制约。第二个问题是设计制造超大型集装箱船的主机不易。最后一个问题是，为解决超大型集装箱船的巨量货物的“集疏运”，必须开发电子信息技术。作者最后提出，21世纪初对大型集装箱船的箱量定位应为8000标准箱。     

Reposition of empty containers of different life stages integrated with liner shipping network design

ABSTRACT

This paper integrates empty container reposition with container shipping network design considering the container life stages. A mixed-integer linear programming model is built to determine the liner shipping network, the initial launch ports of new containers, the ports for scrapping obsolete containers, the empty container reposition scheme and the containers of different life stages being used for a specific voyage. A case study is done by taking liner shipping among China, Japan and South Korea, Southeast Asia, Europe and the US as an example. The results show that over 93% of new containers are put into use in China while 63% of old containers are scrapped in Europe or the US, and 73% of containers used for packing cargoes from China to the US are those at the Decline Stage or the Exit Stage.     

超密实地基堆场铺面结构优化设计

非洲某集装箱堆场已使用数十年,目前堆4层集装箱,采用正面吊作业,铺面结构无面层和基层,集装箱直接堆在地基上,地基为4 m的人工回填密实贝壳砂层,下面为原状黏土质砂。现堆场改造要求堆5层集装箱,并采用正面吊作业。按英标重型铺面设计手册规定,铺面结构厚度较厚,原因是高强度的贝壳砂层地基不能充分利用。通过铺面结构加铺层设计理论,利用已有的密实贝壳砂层来减少铺面结构设计厚度,同时采用有限元计算对优化后铺面结构基层底拉应力进行复核,优化后铺面结构可以满足设计要求。     

Development of an IoT-based container tracking system for China’s Belt and Road (B&R) initiative

To ensure the successful implementation of China’s Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative, it is essential to enable the real-time monitoring of containers’ locations, prevent theft during cargo delivery, ensure more efficient logistics management and reduce carbon emissions. For this, it is vital to have an economic and effective system to track and control containers across multiple countries. However, this requirement cannot be met by today’s container tracking systems because they are either limited within the borders of each country or expensive to employ internationally. This study thus presents a framework for an IoT-based container tracking system that enables users not only to grasp the international flow of container movement with one check but also to achieve smooth cross-border procedures. To verify the system’s performance, an empirical test was made for an actual container shipped from Korea to Poland. The test results showed that the system could successfully track the location of the container in real time across international borders. Last, this study discusses the policy development and international cooperation that should take place to enable the introduction of this container tracking system.     

支线集装箱运输船的多规格集装箱的混装设计研究

支线集装箱船是国际航运业的主要组成部分,目前主流支线集装箱运输船多采用货舱内安装固定式导轨架,装载20ft、40ft标准集装箱；如货舱内装载货其他规格非标集装箱,需要采用移动式导轨架,但也会导致集装箱装载效率低的问题。为了满足多种规格集装箱混装的要求,本文以某1000TEU支线集装箱运输船为例,设计了一型应用于货舱内的的固定式导轨架,以及应用于主甲板的一体化箱柱,大大提高了装载种类和装卸效率。本文的研究成果成功应用到了实船运营中,为支线集装箱运输船货舱多规格集装箱混装提供了借鉴和参考。     

超大型集装箱船的设计优化

本文以大连船舶重工集团有限公司自主研发设计的一系列集装箱船为基础,分析了超大型集装箱船的总体性能和结构特性及航线和货物特点,阐述了与总体性能、分舱、结构设计、集装箱布置和营运安全管理等有关的设计改进建议和优化措施,期望通过设计改进得到性能全面优化的超大型集装箱船。     

岸桥双箱吊具双箱检测保护系统升级改造

为确保岸桥双箱吊具双箱检测保护系统的安全运行,对其进行了升级改造.分析岸桥双箱吊具使用情况和存在问题.提出双箱检测系统升级方案设计.改造后有效地排除了安全隐患.     

Weekly container delivery patterns in liner shipping planning models

This paper addresses a fundamental question related to nearly all container liner shipping planning models: whether the implicit assumption of identical container delivery pattern every week is valid in a situation of identical shipping services and identical cargo demand every week. We prove that when the number of containers transported from one port to the next is formulated as a continuous variable, the resulting mathematical model with an identical container delivery pattern is equivalent to the model with general container delivery patterns which can be different in different weeks. When the number of containers transported is formulated as an integer variable, the model with an identical container delivery pattern is not equivalent to the model with general container delivery patterns. However, the difference between the optimal objective values of the two models is negligible for practical applications. In sum, little, if not nothing, is lost by assuming an identical container delivery pattern in liner shipping planning models.     

Empty container reposition planning for intra-Asia liner shipping

This paper addresses empty container reposition planning by plainly considering safety stock management and geographical regions. This plan could avoid drawback in practice which collects mass empty containers at a port then repositions most empty containers at a time. Empty containers occupy slots on vessel and the liner shipping company loses chance to yield freight revenue. The problem is drawn up as a two-stage problem. The upper problem is identified to estimate the empty container stock at each port and the lower problem models the empty container reposition planning with shipping service network as the Transportation Problem by Liner Problem. We looked at case studies of the Taiwan Liner Shipping Company to show the application of the proposed model. The results show the model provides optimization techniques to minimize cost of empty container reposition and to provide an evidence to adjust strategy of restructuring the shipping service network.     

浅谈集装箱船安全系固新要求

随着集装箱船运输的不断发展,集装箱的安全系固作业也越来越受到重视。为此,国际海事组织海安会对已有的《货物堆装和系固安全操作规则》,即CSS Code进行了修订,补充了有关甲板集装箱安全系固作业的新要求Annex 14,即《指南》,并已于2015年强制生效。文中结合集装箱船设计实例,简要分析《指南》的主要内容以及对集装箱船系固设计的主要影响。