980钢焊接节点疲劳试验

疲劳寿命与材料、节点形式、焊接工艺，以及应力应变水平有关。当交变应力水平超过材料的屈服极限时，疲劳试验载荷作用的频率对疲劳寿命将会影响很大。采用应变控制方式进行疲劳试验，可以降低载荷频率对疲劳寿命的影响。本文根据应力水平大小，分别在应力和应变两种不同的控制方式下完成了980钢板对接焊节点、T型焊接节点和大角度对接焊节点的疲劳试验工作，得到了980钢在一定焊接工艺条件下的应力-寿命和应变-寿命结果。为980钢焊接结构的疲劳强度设计提供了依据。     

对接接头缺口应力集中系数不确定性分析

[目的]以典型对接接头为研究对象进行参数化建模,建立焊缝几何形状存在不确定性的有限元模型,来研究焊缝几何存在不确定性的对接接头焊趾处缺口应力集中系数K_t,并统计分析其分布规律。[方法]首先,对以往采用的网格尺寸和单元类型进行改进,通过有限元网格敏感性分析,研究不同类型的单元以及网格尺寸对K_t的影响;其次,沿对接接头焊缝法向提取节点应力,通过绘制应力分布图,确定焊趾处最大应力集中所在部位;然后,通过引入控制点描述对接焊缝几何形状的变化来真实反映焊缝几何形状的不确定性,结合实际测量的焊缝形状数据的分布规律,随机抽样得到大量的焊缝几何参数数据;最后,基于缺口应力法计算K_t,并对其进行统计分析,探究对接接头在焊缝几何参数存在不确定性时K_t的分布规律。[结果]结果表明,K_t的分布满足正态分布。[结论]通过探究焊趾处的应力分布,对于分析疲劳强度和提高疲劳寿命预测精度具有重要意义。     

喷丸对小型船舶钢板焊接接头的腐蚀和疲劳影响

为了研究喷丸处理对小型船舶用薄板电弧焊缝的腐蚀和疲劳性能的影响,选用强度等级分别为440 MPa和1500 MPa的船舶热轧钢板进行试验研究,经焊接试验之后,分别加工焊后状态的试样和焊后喷丸处理状态的试样,并进行腐蚀和疲劳试验.结果 表明:焊后不经喷丸处理的试样焊缝处的最大腐蚀深度约为1.1 mm,而经喷丸处理的试样焊缝处的最大腐蚀深度约为0.2 mm;经喷丸处理后440 MPa等级钢焊接接头的疲劳极限约为450MPa,相比未经喷丸处理的疲劳强度360 MPa提高约25％;经喷丸处理后1500 MPa等级钢焊接接头的疲劳极限约为500MPa,相比未经喷丸处理的焊接接头提高约40％.喷丸处理可有效消除焊缝夹渣,进而显著提升焊缝的抗腐蚀性能;喷丸处理能显著提升船舶钢板电弧焊缝的疲劳强度.采用喷丸处理有助于促进船舶轻量化和提高焊缝质量.     

船体角焊缝的连接强度分析与焊缝系数

本文阐述了船体结构角焊缝的分类及强度条件,对工作焊缝,按其承载模式建立力学模型,并对其失效模式进行分析,完成了普通强度钢和高强度钢在六种组合模式下的焊缝系数推导,给出了船体结构普通强度钢和高强度钢的推荐焊缝系数,为船舶结构焊缝设计提供理论依据。     

基于激光技术的船用钢板焊接性能分析

激光焊接技术不仅焊接效率高,而且对焊接母材的材料力学损伤小,焊缝强度高,由于大型船舶的壳体均采用高强度钢板进行拼焊,传统的埋弧焊或气保焊难以满足生产需求,因此,将激光焊接技术应用于船舶高强度钢焊接领域成为一种趋势。本文首先介绍激光焊接技术的原理,对影响焊接质量的焊接工艺参数进行分析,最后利用力学拉伸试验进行激光焊接的钢板性能试验。     

高强钢焊接接头超声冲击效果对比试验研究

文章采用高强度钢对接焊试板,分别开展超声冲击前后残余应力变化和低周疲劳寿命的对比试验研究。试验结果表明:经过超声冲击处理后,焊缝区的残余应力从焊后的拉伸残余应力转化为压缩残余应力,焊接试样的低周疲劳寿命有显著提高,平均提高30%以上,试验验证了超声冲击技术在改善残余应力和提高疲劳寿命上的实用性和有效性。     

船舶典型结构焊接残余应力的有限元分析

在船舶建造中,会有大量的纵骨对接焊缝,存在复杂的焊接残余应力,对结构的极限强度及疲劳寿命有一定影响。该文运用有限元软件ANSYS的APDL语言编写出相应的计算程序,对平板对接焊进行数值模拟,并与试验值进行对比分析。在此基础上,对船舶典型纵骨对接焊进行数值模拟分析,得到相应的残余应力的分布规律。     

超声冲击法改善高强钢焊接接头的疲劳性能

焊接接头的疲劳强度远低于母材 ,大量试验表明疲劳裂纹主要起源于接头焊趾处。使用超声冲击法处理接头 ,以改变焊趾区几何形状、消除焊趾缺陷、调整焊趾区残余应力场 ,是改善焊接接头及结构疲劳强度的一种有效方法。利用自行研制的超声冲击装置 ,采用两种接头形式 (纵向角接接头和对接接头 )进行了 SS80 0高强钢原始焊态与超声冲击处理态的疲劳对比试验 ,结果表明 :( 1 )双面焊对接接头焊态试件的疲劳强度Δσ ( 2× 1 0 6 )为 1 5 0 MPa;单面焊对接焊态试件的疲劳强度Δσ ( 2× 1 0 6 )为 1 3 2 MPa;纵向角接焊态试件的疲劳强度Δσ ( 2× 1 0 6 )为 98MPa。 ( 2 )超声冲击处理态单面焊双面成型试件与原始焊态试件相比 ,疲劳强度提高 1 3 2 %左右 ,疲劳寿命延长了 48～ 1 3 2倍 ;双面焊接对接超声冲击处理态试件与原始焊态试件相比 ,疲劳强度提高95 %左右 ,疲劳寿命延长了 2 2～ 62倍 ;纵向角接接头超声冲击处理试件与原始焊态试件相比 ,疲劳强度提高1 73 %左右 ,疲劳寿命延长了 3 2～ 70倍。 ( 3 )超声冲击处理技术能够大幅度改善高强钢焊接接头的疲劳性能     

大型集装箱船高强度厚钢甲板安全寿命评估方法

疲劳是船舶与海洋工程结构破坏的主要模式之一.高强度钢的应用使得结构的疲劳问题更加突出.对于采用以高强度厚钢板为甲板的大型集装箱船来说,有必要进行高强度厚钢板的焊接缺陷部位安全寿命评估方法研究.以应力范围的长期分布服从两参数Weibull分布的随机载荷为疲劳载荷,裂纹扩展率采用单一曲线模型预报裂纹在任意时刻的尺寸,结合应力强度因子并参考应力计算方法和失效评估图技术提出一套计算集装箱船高强度钢厚钢板安全寿命评估的方法.通过编制计算程序,对某集装箱船甲板进行安全寿命计算.最后,分析疲劳载荷谱对安全寿命的影响.计算结果表明：载荷回复期的长短和Weibull分布的形状参数的取值都会极大影响结构疲劳安全寿命.     

残余应力对水下耐压结构典型焊接接头疲劳强度的影响

水下耐压结构典型焊接接头模型常采用高强度钢建造,对焊接残余应力较为敏感,因此有必要针对残余应力对其疲劳强度的影响进行相关研究。采用ANSYS的APDL语言编程,通过数值模拟分析得到典型焊接接头的焊接残余应力;并基于局部应力—应变法,对水下耐压结构典型焊接接头考虑与不考虑残余应力这2种情况下结构的疲劳寿命进行数值分析。研究发现:典型焊接接头在凹锥面焊缝附近其残余应力最大,寿命最短;其寿命周期为104,属低周疲劳范围;随着外载荷的增加,疲劳寿命最小值也随之减小;残余应力的存在会明显降低典型焊接接头的疲劳寿命。     

Adaptive approximation in multi-objective optimization for full stochastic fatigue design problem

As the size of ship has grown rapidly, the importance of exact fatigue strength assessment has been recognized more and more. High concern about fatigue crack often raises target fatigue life to two or three times of ship lifetime. This leads to the use of very thick plates to reduce dynamic stress range or the application of weld toe grinding to reduce stress concentration or removing weld defects. However, such measures can cause some troubles in fabrication process. As a fatigue strength assessment procedure, full stochastic fatigue analysis based on wave loads analysis has been recommended due to its high accuracy and straightforward approach. However, its huge computing time hinders a ship designer from making iterative explorations for a better design to minimize the use of aforementioned measures.This paper proposes an efficient approach to optimize plate thicknesses around hot spots and the applications of weld toe grinding with meeting the required target fatigue life based on the full stochastic fatigue assessment. Two conflicting objectives are taken into consideration; to minimize steel weight and to minimize total weld toe grinding length. Whether to employ weld toe grinding or not for a hot spot can be seen as a selection variable. In order to treat such selection variables along with continuous variables in the multi-objective optimization, Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is introduced. This paper also employs adaptive approximation framework to resolve the computational burden of the full stochastic fatigue analysis in the optimization. The strategy to refit approximations iteratively can minimize the required number of analysis. A convergence criterion of the adaptive approximation framework is newly proposed considering the feature of discrete objective function attributed to the introduction of selection variables. One of the objective functions, toe grinding length, is purely depending on how many hot spots toe grindings are applied to. The proposed approach is applied to a liquid dome opening problem of LNG carrier, which is known as one of the most difficult parts to satisfy required fatigue strength due to the stress concentration caused by its large opening and weld attachments on upper deck.     

对接接头焊趾应力集中有限元分析

研究焊缝几何参数对应力集中的影响,对于提高焊接结构疲劳强度有重要的意义.本文采用有限元方法,计算了双侧对称加强高和单侧加强高的对接接头焊趾处的应力集中系数,分析了几个主要参数,包括焊趾倾角、焊趾过渡圆弧半径和板厚对于应力集中系数的影响,研究了焊趾处应力集中沿板厚方向的变化情况,在分析大量计算结果的基础上给出了估算两种形式的对接接头应力集中系数的经验公式.结果表明,减小焊趾倾角,增大过渡圆弧半径,可以减缓焊趾处截面形状的变化,改善焊趾处的应力集中;板厚的增加使得应力集中系数增大.并且单侧加强高的对接接头应力集中系数小于双侧对称加强高对接接头的,其减小幅度只与θ有关.     

热喷铝对船体钢焊接接头疲劳性能影响试验研究

通过对390MPa级船体钢焊接接头热喷铝与不喷铝疲劳对比试验，结果表明：在相同疲劳交变应力条件下，热喷铝焊接接头疲劳寿命大于不喷铝焊接接头的疲劳寿命。     

变幅载荷作用下焊接接头疲劳寿命预测方法

船舶与海洋结构物在其服役过程中受到波浪等载荷的交变作用而引起结构的疲劳损伤.检测结果表明船舶及海洋结构的疲劳热点部位大多数是在构件相互连接的焊缝焊趾处.因此,研究典型接头表面裂纹应力强度因子统一计算方法以及变幅载荷作用下表面裂纹扩展规律对船舶与海洋结构物的寿命预测是十分重要的.本文讨论了裂纹闭合及开口比的计算,在Newman有效应力强度因子计算方法的基础上,提出了考虑因素更全面的有效应力强度因子幅计算式以及变幅载荷作用下船舶与海洋结构物典型焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测模型.     

焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子简化计算的比较研究

对接、T型接头与十字接头是船舶与海洋结构的典型结构形式,其大部分疲劳失效是由于焊趾引起的.各种表面裂纹的应力强度因子计算是船舶与海洋结构基于断裂力学安全评定和疲劳寿命预测的基础.Bowness等人提出了T型接头焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子计算式,作者对其复杂的计算式进行了简化.BS7910针对对接、T型接头与十字接头提出了两套焊趾应力强度因子表达式,一是针对二维表面裂纹提出的,一是针对三维表面裂纹提出的.本文对作者给出的简化表达式以及BS7910的两套表达式进行了比较.结果表明作者给出的简化表达式不仅可以用来计算T型接头的焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子,而且可以用来计算对接与十字接头焊趾表面裂纹的应力强度因子.同时发现在a/T＜0.05处三者的差别比较大,因此用有限元法进行了验证,结果证明作者给出的简化表达式比其他表达式更加合理.     

船舶典型节点疲劳强度试验及S-N曲线拟合方法研究

疲劳评估的关键问题是S-N曲线的选取,对于某些结构复杂的大型船舶特有的结构形式,现有规范没有合适的S-N曲线.为了更合理准确地进行结构疲劳强度研究,本文选取某型具有复杂结构的船舶,用实尺度模型试验的方法研究几种典型节点的S-N曲线特性.通过全船有限元谱分析疲劳强度计算,筛选出疲劳问题重点关注区域,确定模型试验部位;根据疲劳问题严重区域的实船结构,设计加工典型节点实尺度疲劳试验模型;确定多个加载工况,进行典型节点疲劳强度试验,获取典型节点多种载荷工况下的疲劳寿命值,在此基础上,研究得到各节点S-N曲线及P-S-N曲线;应用试验所得P-S-N曲线,对船体典型节点部位进行疲劳强度评估,并与规范S-N曲线结果进行了对比,指出了它们的差异.     

Fatigue strength improvement for ship structures by Ultrasonic Peening

Ultrasonic Peening has attracted recent attention as a fatigue strength improvement method. The main features of Ultrasonic Peening are generation of compressive residual stress and smoothing of weld toe radius. However, for ship structures, various loads act on the hull structure over a ship??s life, including the construction period, and the compressive stress field of structural members generated by Ultrasonic Peening may change. In order to verify the technique's benefits to ship structures, the influence of load history on the improvement effects on fatigue strength by Ultrasonic Peening needs to be clarified. In this paper, the improvement effects on fatigue strength by Ultrasonic Peening for welding joints were confirmed by experiments with several joint type specimens. In addition, fatigue tests modeling launching, when the stress conditions of a ship's structure changes significantly, were carried out in order to clarify the influence of load history in a ship??s life. Consequently, some cases that have the possibility of decreasing or increasing the improvement effects on fatigue strength by Ultrasonic Peening were clarified, and some efficient methods of Ultrasonic Peening for ship structures were suggested.     

一种复杂载荷作用下船舶结构疲劳裂纹扩展预报方法

风暴模型是Tomita等提出的用来评估船舶结构疲劳强度的一种随机波浪载荷简化模型,它能表达波浪载荷是与时间相关的随机过程。文中介绍了风暴模型及波浪诱导应力短期分布的基本特征。将风暴模型和裂纹扩展率单一曲线模型及焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算方法结合起来,探讨了复杂载荷作用下船舶结构疲劳裂纹扩展预报方法。并用权函数法计算了给定残余应力分布的表面裂纹应力强度因子。预报了对接焊接接头焊趾处表面裂纹在风暴波浪载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,结果表明风暴的大小、顺序,初始裂纹尺寸及残余应力对裂纹扩展行为影响明显。合理的风暴模型参数及初始裂纹尺寸的确定对船舶结构的疲劳寿命预报是非常重要的。     

Structural behavior and design of high-strength steel welded tubular connections under extreme loading

The present work is motivated by the increasing need for cost-efficient solutions in offshore structural systems for wind energy production and for improvement of their structural performance. The structural behavior and design of high-strength steel welded tubular connections (yield strength higher than 700 MPa) subjected to monotonic and strong cyclic loading is investigated. In the first part of the paper, an experimental investigation is presented on high-strength steel tubular X-joints subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading far beyond the elastic limit of the material, leading to weld fracture. Two grades of weld metal material are employed in the welding process of the specimens. The experimental results indicate that the weld material grade has a significant influence on the deformation capacity of the welded connection under monotonic loading conditions, and its low-cycle fatigue life. The experimental procedure is simulated using advanced finite element models, elucidating several features of joint behavior and complementing the experimental results. Overall, a good agreement is found between numerical simulations and experimental results, in terms of both global response and local strains at the vicinity of the welds. Furthermore, the structural performance of the welded tubular joints under consideration is assessed using available design methodologies in terms of both ultimate strength and low-cycle fatigue resistance, in an attempt to validate an efficient design methodology for low-cycle fatigue. The results from this research effort are aimed at developing the necessary background for the possible use of high-strength steel in tubular steel lattice structures, particularly in offshore platforms for renewable energy production. They can also be used as a basis for the possible amendment of relevant design specifications and recommendations for including special provisions for high-strength steel structural systems.     

T型接头焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子的简化计算方法

T型接头是船舶与海洋结构物的典型结构形式之一,其焊趾处常常是疲劳热点区域。T型接头焊趾表面裂纹的应力强度因子是船舶与海洋结构的、基于断裂力学安全评定和疲劳寿命预测的基础。本文对T型接头表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算方法,尤其是Bow ness等人提出的T型接头焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算公式进行了分析,在此基础上导出了形式简单,物理意义明确的T型接头焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子的简化计算公式,并和相关的应力强度因子的计算结果进行了比较,证明了本文简化方法的可行性。