MARPOL73/78公约附则Ⅵ关于燃油硫含量标准的修订及对我国影响分析

文中介绍了全球船用燃油硫含量现状、IMO对船用燃油硫含量标准的最新修订进程以及MEPC 57最终形成的硫含量新标准,结合我国相关行业现状,分析了新标准的实施对我国可能产生的影响,并提出了针对性的应对措施.     

信息公告

<正>中国海事局发布《关于2020年全球船用燃油限硫令实施方案的公告》国际海事组织海上环境保护委员会第70届会议决定自2020年1月1日起在全球范围内实施船用燃油硫含量不超过0.50%m/m的规定,并出台了相关的《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》修正案、导则和通函等。为有效实施国际海事组织全球船用燃油硫含量限     

船用燃油新标准及管理对策

介绍MARPOL 73/78防污规则附则Ⅵ、欧盟2005/33/E中对船用燃油的要求和船用燃油最新标准ISO 8217:2010,讨论低硫燃油、燃油中的污染物对船舶设备可能造成的影响。     

欧盟将限制船用燃料硫含量

欧盟同意制定船用燃料硫含量限制法令,并将于2020年底在整个欧洲范围内生效实施。新法令要求．2015年,ECA区域的船用燃油硫含量不超过0．1％,ECA区域包括北海、波罗的海以及英吉利海峡。目前．这些区域的限值是1％。2020年．所有船舶燃油最大硫含量不超过05％,大大低于目前货船35％及客船15％的最高限值。     

通过尾气估算船用燃油硫含量的岸基嗅探法实验

2016年,我国珠三角、长三角、环渤海(京津冀)水域船舶排放控制区SECA正式启用,要求在十三五期间逐步实现排放控制区内的船用油硫含量不得高于0. 5%的控制目标。欧美排放控制区的研究经验表明,通过监测尾气估算船用燃油硫含量(嗅探法)是一种有效的远程监管手段。文章在天津港码头上开展了两次岸基嗅探法实验,监测点高度27 m,与过往船舶之间水平距离100～500 m。实验共测得13艘大吨位船舶的燃油硫含量,证明了岸基嗅探法的有效性,并定性地反映了适宜的风速这一必要条件。建议进一步开展岸基嗅探法实验并同步登船获取油样硫含量真实值,掌握方法的不确定性范围和影响因素,为建立基于嗅探法的全国排放控制区高硫油船舶监测网络打下扎实的基础。     

船舶硫氧化物排放控制及展望

概述目前MARPOL附则VI、欧盟及加州法令对船用燃油硫含量的要求,并详述低硫燃油对设备的不利影响,提出相应的应对措施,展望今后控制硫排放物的方法,提出新造船舶要预留适当空间为以后安装废气滤清系统做好准备。     

长三角水域将率先实施船舶排放控制区

<正>1月25日,从安迅思获悉,自今年4月1日起,船舶在长三角水域排放控制区核心港口靠岸停泊期间应使用硫含量不高于0.5%m/m的燃油。目前确定的长三角区域核心港口包括上海港、宁波舟山港、苏州港和南通港。据安迅思分析师姜飞燕介绍,首批确认的核心港口包含了华东地区主要的船用燃料油供应港口。在以上港口规范船用燃料油的硫含量     

通过尾气估算船用燃油硫含量的跟船嗅探法实验

2016年,我国珠三角、长三角、环渤海(京津冀)水域船舶排放控制区SECA正式启用,要求在"十三五"期间逐步实现排放控制区内的船用油硫含量不得高于0.5%的控制目标。欧美排放控制区十余年的研究和应用经验表明,通过监测尾气估算船用燃油硫含量(嗅探法)是一种有效的远程监管手段。文章开展了三天跟船嗅探法实验,第一天实验船舶使用低硫油,其余两天使用高硫油。嗅探法测得的低硫油硫含量为0.026%±0.007%(油样检测值0.03%),两天测得的高硫油硫含量分别为2.10%±0.26%和2.25%±0.29%(油样检测值2.23%)。实验证实了嗅探法的有效性,并提出了进一步开展嗅探法远距离监测实验的建议,例如在航道的上跨桥梁或者近岸处。     

嗅探法:通过监测尾气估算船用燃油硫含量的技术

2016年,我国珠三角、长三角、环渤海(京津冀)水域船舶排放控制区SECA正式启用,要求在十三五期间逐步实现排放控制区内的船用油硫含量不得高于0. 5%的控制目标。有鉴于传统登船检查难度大、效率低的问题,不登船的遥测技术存在迫切的需求,有助于在登船检查前筛选并识别使用高硫油的嫌疑船只。文章旨在引进已在欧美排放控制区研究并实践了十余年的一种通过监测尾气估算船用燃油硫含量的技术——嗅探法,通过详细介绍其科学原理以及欧美的研究进展与经验,为推动我国船舶排放控制区的高效、先进执法贡献一份力量。     

船用焚烧炉新国家标准

通过对新旧船用焚烧炉国家标准在适用范围、性能指标、电气要求、操作控制、试验等方面的比较，介绍了船用焚烧炉新标准的特点．新标准的实施必将推进国内焚烧炉的设计、生产和检验水平的进一步提高．     

低硫法令对船舶柴油机的影响及解决方案

在全球新一轮低硫法令的背景下,从燃油喷射、燃油不相容性以及排气阀等角度深入分析低硫燃油对船舶柴油机的影响.在此基础上,详细介绍瓦锡兰公司提出的针对燃油和滑油系统的双油柜系统解决方案以及柴油机安装TriboPack组件的建议.通过引用个案,说明双油柜系统解决方案较之其它低硫应对方案具有更佳的运营经济性,值得进一步推广.     

Air pollution from ships: Recent developments

All developments on air pollution by ships are fairly recent. Annex VI of the international Marpol-convention, regulating the emissions of CFCs, Halons, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from cargoes, emissions from incinerators and exhaust gas emissions from engines (NO_x and SO_x) entered into force in May 2005. The International Maritime Organization is currently discussing an upgrade of the air pollution issues covered by Annex VI and some that are not in Annex VI, such as greenhouse gas emissions. CO₂ is the most important greenhouse gas emitted by ship. Fuel consumption by the world merchant fleet is expected to grow to between 250–300 million tons per year with corresponding CO₂ emissions of 800–960 million tons per year. In Western Europe land based measures have reduced sulphur emissions substantially, leaving shipping as an important remaining source of these emissions. Average sulphur content of heavy fuel oils is 3%, with a limit of 4.5% imposed by Annex VI. Both the Baltic- and the North Sea have the status of SO_x emission control area, limiting sulphur content to 1.5%.     

Operational measures to mitigate and reverse the potential modal shifts due to environmental legislation

On 1 January 2015, the sulphur upper limit for marine fuels used within sulphur emission control areas was lowered from 1% to 0.1%, with which vessels can comply only through using pricier ultra-low-sulphur fuel, or investing in abatement technologies. A potential increase of fuel prices could lead to closures of services due to the combined effects of loss of market due to higher freight rates, and increased operational costs. This paper builds on previous work allowing the modelling of modal shifts between sea and land-based options, and assesses the potential of operational measures that ship-owners can deploy to cope with the threat of the low-sulphur requirements. The measures include speed reduction, change of service frequency, use of alternative fuels such as liquefied natural gas, investments in scrubber systems, and improved fleet assignment. The proposed measures are tested on a set of case studies for services that are part of a short sea shipping network of a leading Ro-Ro operator. The results of this work can be useful to practitioners seeking to design new strategies that improve the resilience of their network, as well as to regulatory bodies designing new regulation that could have negative implications on certain sectors.     

5000 DWT油船改装为硫磺船的改装工艺

本文主要从船体的角度出发,阐述5000DWT油船改装为硫磺船的改装工艺、难点、安全管理、质量管理、周期控制等。     

北美ECA引关注

今年7月，美国环保署（EPA）和加拿大运输部门联合向IMO提交报告，申请设立世界最大的排放控制区域。此举意味着美加地区将与全球ECA标准实现接轨：到2010年7月，燃料油中的硫含量减为1％（目前为1．5％），2015年1月降为0．1％。     

船舶硫排放控制对轮机设计的影响

针对集中生效的对船舶硫排放的控制要求,给轮机设计和设备带来的影响做简要阐述。     

早强型抗氯盐硅酸盐水泥在洋山港三期工程中的应用

为解决洋山港三期工程预制构件早期强度较低的问题,对抗氯盐硅酸盐水泥的配方进行改进,开发出早强型抗氯盐硅酸盐水泥。研究结果表明,应用该水泥配制的高性能混凝土均具有较高的早期强度和后期强度,混凝土的电通量较低。综合考虑高性能混凝土的工作性、强度和耐久性,早强型抗氯盐硅酸盐水泥的三氧化硫的含量宜控制在1.3%￣2.2%。     

《VTS培训评估指南》修订建议

《VTS培训评估指南》是国际航标协会(IALA)针对VTS人员培训和发证的规范性指导文件。现行版指南自成稿至今,尚无修订或更新记录,而业态的发展对指南提出了新的要求,现行版指南的内容已经不能满足现实和未来的发展需求。该文结合国际航标协会VTS委员会第49次会议的概况,从文件结构、文件内容、与其他IALA文件的关系三个方面对现行版指南进行了梳理,并就存在的问题,提出了修订建议。     

大功率柴油机缸套减摩抗划伤技术研究

针对大功率柴油机缸套的划伤失效问题,研究了可以有效地提高缸套减摩抗划伤性能的新技术—离子氮碳共渗-离子渗硫复合处理技术.对用该技术制备的离子氮碳共渗-离子渗硫复合层在含硫添加剂润滑下进行的摩擦学性能研究结果表明,离子氮碳共渗-离子渗硫复合层与含硫添加剂产生协同作用,使复合渗表面的摩擦系数和体积磨损量都明显降低.柴油机台架试验及舰船实航试验表明,该技术可有效地避免柴油机缸套因发生划伤、磨损而失效,延长柴油机的使用寿命.     

The impact of low sulphur fuel requirements in shipping on the competitiveness of roro shipping in Northern Europe

Annex VI of the MARPOL Convention aims for a reduction in sulphur oxide emissions from ships. The limits applicable at sea in Emission Control Areas (ECAs) were reduced from 1.5% to 1% in 2010 and are planned to be further reduced to 0.1%, effective from 1 January 2015. This paper analyses the impact of the International Maritime Organization’s Tier II/III standards introduced by Annex VI amendments adopted in October 2008 on costs and prices of roro (roll on/roll off) traffic in the ECAs in North Europe and on the competitiveness of roro shipping in the ECAs compared to trucking. We demonstrate that the new Annex VI agreement may be quite costly for the participants in the shipping industry and will result in higher freight rates. Based on a detailed price analysis on modal competition between the roro/truck option and the ‘truck only’ option on thirty origin–destination routes linked to the ECAs, we conclude that the use of low sulphur fuel is expected to increase the transport prices particularly on the origin–destination relations with a medium or long short sea section. The paper also presents the results of a survey among leading short sea operators in the ECAs in view of providing more insight on expected modal shifts and price elasticity in the short sea market.