英国法下装卸时间计算以及缺席裁决的相关问题——香港仲裁案例评析

受载期之前船长递交装卸准备就绪通知书的效力如何?亏舱情况下的装卸时间应如何计算?此外,在仲裁程序启动后,租家并没有参与到仲裁员指定程序以及仲裁审理程序的情况下,仲裁庭将如何做出裁决?这些问题对于当前从事国际租船实务的人士仍然比较模糊。本案是一起航次租船合同纠纷,船东向租家索赔亏舱费、装港产生的滞期费。当事人约定适用英国法,争议在香港仲裁。案件争议涉及上述三个焦点问题。本文将在分析案例时,对上述问题在英国法下的地位予以澄清。     

英国法下的合约解释和“一旦滞期永远滞期”——伦敦仲裁案例评析

本案是一起航次租船合同滞期费纠纷,租约适用英国法。当事人之间的纠纷主要涉及装卸时间的计算,以及在租约条款本身出现冲突的情况下,如何对它们进行解释。该案被提交伦敦仲裁,由两位仲裁员组成仲裁庭进行审理。最终两位仲裁员达成一致意见,并签发裁决判定支持了船东的滞期费索赔请求。本文同时结合英国法院关于合同解释的最新判例,阐述了英国法如何解释合同条款,以及如何理解"一旦滞期永远滞期"的租约解释原则。     

论船舶滞期费

滞期费问题是航次租船营运业务中比较重要的环节,相关原则与规定是调整航次租船合同法律的精髓。不仅是航次租船合同会涉及滞期费的问题,在国际货物买卖中,只要涉及租船业务,就要面对船舶滞期费的问题。     

承运人应根据租船合同调整操作流程

航次租船形式下的水路运输合同中，承运人与托运人之间的权利义务根据航次租船合同确定，承运人应根据租船合同中的具体规定调整操作流程。在没有特别约定时，水路运输货损赔偿额按照交付或者应当交付时货物到达地的市场价格计算，不包括货方的预期利润损失。     

适用英国法判断合同和仲裁条款的效力——伦敦仲裁案例评析

本案是一起航次租约争议,主要涉及适用英国法判断合同是否成立以及仲裁条款是否有效。案件由两位著名的伦敦海事仲裁员审理,反映了普通法国家仲裁员审理案件时的思维模式,对航运实务具有现实的借鉴意义,对中国律师了解伦敦仲裁亦具有一定启发意义。     

最后航次相关问题的法律分析

定期租船合同没有国际适用的成文法,定期租船合同中最后航次的法律问题也无法统一,争议较多.本文对最后航次的合法性判断、超期还船的法律性质和租金支付方法等问题进行探讨,并提出修改我国<海商法>第143条的建议.     

滞期费／速遣费的计算

在航次租船运输业务中，滞期费／速遣费的计算可以说是最繁琐最复杂的一环。关于滞期费的争议历来非常多，据英国仲裁员介绍，现在滞期案仍占其仲裁案件的２０％￣３０％。只要掌握了计算滞期费的专业知识，我们就可在租船业务中避免不应该的损失，本文就对滞期费／速遣费的计算过程中所遇到的专业知识进行详细的论述。     

由一则案例浅谈CQD条款装卸时间延滞损失的风险问题

航次租船合同中CQD条款下装卸时间延滞的损失常常有所争议。有一则案例,笔都做为当事人之一,参与了事件发生的全部过程,对当时情况比较了解。现将本案例中各方观点一一列举,并谈谈自己的一管之见,希望能抛砖引玉,得到广大业内同仁的批评指导。 “RUYI 2”轮9V与大连某租船人签定4000MT废钢航次租船合同,名古屋装至中国集港卸货,1装1卸CQD条款。该轮1996年5月11日9:50抵卸港靠码头并递交NOR,当日10:10NOR接受。当该轮开舱准备卸货时,收货人当即表明此货物非收货人所需货物而拒绝收货。租船人与船东在签定合同时即对货物规格作了说明:是规则均匀,尺码统一,捆扎整齐的     

航次租船合同下装卸工人造成的船舶损坏争议——香港仲裁案例评析

<正>[提要]本案是一起航次租船合同纠纷,船东向租家索赔装卸工人造成的船舶损坏。当事人约定适用英国法,争议在香港仲裁。船东主张:依据航次租约条款,租     

浅谈海商法中关于航次租船合同的特别规定

我国海商法第4章第7节(第92条至第101条)是关于航次租船合同的特别规定,在这些规定中涉及到了航次租船合同的基本条款,为人们制定和理解航次租船合同提供了法律上的依据。 一、制定航次租船合同特别规定的意义 所谓特别规定,在这里就是指在法律中针对航次租船合同的特点所作的原则性规定。众所周知,世界各国的法律在合同问题上一般都尊重当事人的意愿,例如,是否订立合同以及如何订立合同,可由当事人在不违反法律的强制性规范的前提下,自主作出决定,这就是所谓的意思自治原则或称契约自由原则(Freedom of contract)。根据这一原则,各国海商法对租船合同的规定一般都规定得较少,许多具体问题都留待当事人在合同中约定。联系到我国的情况,之所以在海商法中专列一节对航次租船合同问题作出特别规定,有三个方面的意义:     

损伤树法在舰艇损管系统生命力评估中的应用

文章探讨了损伤树方法的思想及其在舰艇损管系统评估中的应用,建立了评估损管系统生命力的步骤和模型,并通过对某舰损管系统生命力的分析和计算,为其损管系统的设计提供了有价值的建议.     

Collision damage of jack-ups

North Sea collision accident records covering a period of ten years indicate that the risk of collisions involving jack-ups is not dissimilar to that for semi-submersibles or fixed jacket structures. However, jack-ups are much more flexible than jackets and have a much lower degree of redundancy. Their response to collisions and their ability to absorb impact energy is, therefore, expected to be considerably different in comparison to jackets. This paper examines available data and information regarding the capability of jack-ups to withstand collision impacts and investigates the level of local damage that can potentially be caused to jack-up legs due to accidental collisions.     

Updated vertical extent of collision damage

The probabilistic distribution of the vertical extent of collision damage is an important and somewhat controversial component of the proposed IMO harmonized damage stability regulations for cargo and passenger ships. The only pre-existing vertical distribution, currently used in the international cargo ship regulations, was based on a very simplified presumption of bow heights. This paper investigates the development of this damage extent distribution based on three independent methodologies; actual casualty measurements, world fleet bow height statistics, and collision simulation modeling. The results from the three methods are compared, and a proposed distribution for the new harmonized regulations is presented.     

A simplified grounding damage prediction method and its application in modern damage stability requirements

This paper presents the analyses and results aimed at developing damage stability requirements which take into account the structural vulnerability to grounding damage, i.e. the kinetic energy available to generate damage and the structural resistance. The paper presents analysis of new damage statistics in order to determine impact scenarios, in particular in terms of impact speed, impact location, and width and height of damage. Furthermore a new empirical damage prediction formula is developed based on a combination of full-scale testing and extensive non-linear finite element analyses. This deterministic prediction method is validated against grounding experiments and then used in a probabilistic (Monte Carlo) simulation framework. First the simulation method is calibrated and validated against the real statistical damage data for conventional ships and then it is used to generate damage statistics for high-speed craft. It turns out that the grounding damage statistics for all ships can be characterized by a single parameter; the Grounding Damage Index, GDI, which includes the ship kinetic energy and its structural resistance to grounding damage. Simple, closed-form expressions are developed for the GDI and it is shown how the probability of exceeding a box-shaped damage is a simple function of the GDI and the size of the box. The paper therefore gives the background and the results for a new generation of damage stability rules where the structural crashworthiness is taken into account and where the passive safety level is explicitly expressed. It furthermore gives simplified prediction tools and data for actual ships, i.e. a toolbox that is readily available for risk analysis regarding grounding damage.     

船舶损坏控制技术

船舶损坏控制技术是船舶自动化技术的重要组成部分。随着以计算机为中心的设计与分析自动化技术、故障检测与诊断自动化以及维修保障自动化的应用，大大改善了装备的保障能力。文章就船舶的损坏控制技术中的有关问题向大家作一简单介绍，以供参考。     

基于坝头水毁程度判别指标的抛石丁坝水毁研究

抛石丁坝是河道中应用十分广泛的整治建筑物,能够束水攻沙,保护岸滩免受水流冲刷,然而抛石丁坝水毁现象时常发生。针对这一现象,利用动床水槽物理模型试验对平原河流丁坝的水毁破坏进行了研究,分析丁坝水毁破坏的常见形式,认为坝头块石的坍塌流失是影响丁坝整体稳定性的主要因素,即抛石丁坝稳定性可基于坝头水毁来研究。在此基础上,定义了坝头水毁程度判别指标,研究指标的求解方法和坝头水毁程度等级划分方法,得到了坝头不同水毁程度对应的指标值,并对丁坝维护时机的选择加以说明。该方法为抛石丁坝的维护提供了解决思路,有利于抛石丁坝整治效果的持续发挥。     

基于作战背景的损管系统研究

介绍战斗损管系统的起源和发展，针对现有部分损管系统基于作战背景的功能设计进行分析，为基于作战背景损管系统的设计和发展提出建议。     

Statistics and damage assessment of ship grounding

In this paper, general statistics of ship grounding incidents are considered and the damage extent distributions for Ro–Ro ships are presented from the results of a comprehensive damage data survey conducted using Lloyd's Register's damage database. Theoretical models and semi-empirical formulae based on parametric studies are used to study the damage extents of grounded ships. Two real life grounding accidents are assessed. One is a single hull VLCC grounded onto a single rock and the other is a cargo ship grounded onto multiple rocks. A simulation based on a simple multi-rock scenario has been conducted on a 304-m single hull tanker. Correlation is made between the present calculation method results, statistical results and IMO requirements. The paper concludes with the main findings from the study.     

基于作战背景的损管系统研究

介绍战斗损管系统的起源和发展,针对现有部分损管系统基于作战背景的功能设计进行分析,为基于作战背景损管系统的设计和发展提出建议。     

结构损伤识别的数值模拟

为了找到一个对小损伤较敏感的参数,在结构自由振动微分方程基础上,结合损伤结构的测试数据(用有限元模型的计算结果来模拟),得到残余向量,利用广义逆和矩阵投影定理,导出了一个具有很好识别效果的参数:残余向量投影范数.从中很容易确定出损伤单元,进而计算出这个损伤单元的损伤因子即损伤程度.通过算例分析,发现该参数对结构中损伤非常敏感,能识别出结构中的微小损伤,而且不受损伤位置的约束,仅需要结构的前几阶模态就能达到很好的效果.