小词典

燃油经济性的评价指标摩托车燃油经济性可用在一定行驶条件下行驶单位里程的燃油消耗量来表示。也可以用消耗单位油量可行驶的里程来表示。根据试验方法中规定的行驶条件,常用的燃油经济性的评价指标有: 1. 等速油耗指在指定的良好路面上行驶时的百公里油耗(或消耗每     

日产汽车公司的1．2L直接喷射汽油机

日产汽车公司开发了1款新直接喷射汽油机，它应用了机械增压技术，排量为1．2L，配装于紧凑型乘用车后，在欧洲行驶循环下的二氧化碳排放量为95g／km，燃油经济性达到了现有混合动力车的水平。简单介绍了新发动机所采用的技术及改进措施。     

基于万有特性的汽车燃油经济性计算方法研究

等速行驶百公里燃油消耗量是常用的一种汽车燃油经济性评价指标。在对实际行驶车辆进行跟踪测试统计的基础上,文中提出了建立一个准确的汽车燃油经济性评价方法。结合具体车型参数实例,利用发动机的万有特性图,计算汽车的百公里油耗量,为汽车的燃油经济性提供了理论分析依据和计算方法。     

混合动力汽车燃油经济性研究

应用能量分析的方法,以轿车和载货汽车为例,研究了混合动力汽车(HEV)与传统燃油发动机汽车的燃油经济性。发现按原车后备功率最大值时所对应的车速所需的驱动功率作为HEV燃油发动机功率的选择依据,节油效果最显著。当燃油驱动功率和电动驱动功率各占50%左右时,HEV轿车的经济性评价指标为原车的22.8%,HEV货车的经济性评价指标为原车的79.2%,同时又能保证动力性基本不变。结果表明,用混合动力可以有效地降低汽车的100km燃料消耗量,轿车的燃料消耗降低幅度大于货车。     

四月美国售出新车平均燃油经济性下降

据密歇根大学统计．4月美国售出新车的平均燃油经济性从3月的975L/100km下降至9．83L/100km。密歇根大学汽车研究院自2007年10月起便开始跟踪每月售出新车的平均燃油经济性。第一次所统计的平均燃油经济性为11．69L/100km。     

什么是燃油经济性?

汽车的燃油经济性是表示汽车在一定使用条件下,以最小的燃油消耗量完成一定行驶里程数的能力.简单说,在完成一定行驶里程数时,消耗燃油越少的汽车其燃油经济性越高.     

浅谈电喷摩托车故障诊断与检修(4)

正(上接2019年第12期)2.3油耗超标衡量和评价摩托车燃油耗经济性的技术指标,一般是指在经济车速时的等速油耗(单位是L/100 km),即人们通常所说的百km耗油量(如图48所示)。按照国标GB5377—85规定,让满载至规定车重的摩托车以等速往返行驶500米(轻便摩托车为300米)平直的测试区间(对有挡位置的摩托车在最高挡位上测试),从各车型最低稳定车速(如:CB125T款摩托车为22 km/     

乘用车动力传动系统对整车性能的影响

运用CRUISE建立了某乘用车的整车仿真模型,采用试验结果验证了所建立仿真模型的正确性。借助于所建立的仿真模型,在城市循环等工况下,研究了该乘用车的变速器换挡规律和主减速器传动比参数对燃料经济性、动力性以及废气排放的影响。结果表明,换挡规律侧重于影响汽车的循环工况燃油经济性和排放性能,主传动比侧重于影响最高车速和等速行驶百公里油耗等稳态性能。     

国外新能源车动态(一)2013款本田飞度(Fit)电动车

获EPA 1.99L/100km油耗评级 日本本田公司日前称,在美国环保署(EPA)最近的一次测试中,201 3款本田飞度电动汽车(2013 Honda Fit EV)获得了燃油能耗1.99L/100km(1 18英里/加仑)(MPGe)的优异成绩,最大续驶里程约合132km.其中市区行驶相当于1.8L/100km燃油耗;高速公路行驶相当于2.3L/100km燃油耗.根据EPA的能耗测试数据,一加仑燃油消耗的能量约等于8.9kWh的电量.     

集装箱运输车在不同坡道条件下燃油经济性的试验

通过理论分析、实车道路试验、加载或减载的模拟试验方法,研究了集装箱运输车在不同坡道上行驶时的燃油经济性,以作为客观评价在集装箱堆场最大允许纵坡道路条件下集装箱运输车经济性的指标。结果表明道路纵坡度的增加对汽车上坡时的油耗量影响很大,且载荷越大,影响越大。     

客车燃油消耗量计算方法

为了准确计算客车的燃油消耗量,本文在分析公路客车油耗影响因素的基础上,研究了油耗对于整备质量和载质量的敏感度以及速度修正系数的分析、计算方法;运用燃油消耗平衡原理,建立了基本运行条件下客车燃油消耗量的计算模型,分析了不同整备质量、载质量和速度下的计算误差.该模型考虑了气温和气压的影响,克服了原标准模型测量参数较多的弊端...     

Climatisation automobile, énergie et environnement

In the first part of the paper the authors use data from measurement campaigns to demonstrate that automobile air conditioning significantly increases fuel consumption and emissions of regulated pollutants. Thus, under urban conditions, the average increase in consumption for both petrol and diesel vehicles is 3.1l/100km. Although the effects as regards pollutants vary from one model of vehicle to another, the increase in urban cycles is always very marked, in particular as regards NOx (+48%) and particulates (+64%) in the case of diesel vehicles. The paper then presents the results of test rig measurements of the mechanical and electrical energy consumption of air conditioning systems under different vehicle operating conditions (cycles) and for different thermal regimes of the air conditioning unit (depending on external temperature, the temperature set for inside the passenger compartment, etc.). The authors then present the results of pollutant emission and fuel consumption calculations for a passenger car with a 1.4 litre petrol engine fitted with a catalytic converter. These calculations were based on instantaneous data collected on the test rig. The conclusion is firstly that research and development is required to restric the power consumption of air conditioning which tends to increase urban pollution in particular during periods when high temperatures increase the likelihood of ozone peaks. The authors also draw the attention of the government to the need to consider air conditioning systems and other accessories in official emission and consumption measurements.     

The Horsepower Reserve Formulation of Driveability for a Vehicle Fitted With a Continuously Variable Transmission

Summary A systematic methodology is developed for choosing the optimum ratio trajectory of a continuously variable transmission in a passenger vehicle. The optimum CVT ratio schedule is formulated as a constrained optimization problem with maximum fuel economy as the objective function and driveability concerns and physical limitations included as the constraints. The key notion to achieving good driveability is the introduction and definition of a horsepower reserve function that creates a consistent and desirable vehicle response under different driving conditions. Simulation results compare the optimized schedule's performance with several other possible ratio schedules, including the minimum brake specific fuel consumption map. Results from the optimized schedule indicate only a mild tradeoff between driveability and fuel economy relative to the other ratio schedules. The ratio optimization problem formulation and solution provide a novel and unique approach for systematically addressing driveability and fuel economy considerations associated with a continuously variable transmission.     

基于电机最优回馈转矩曲线的制动控制策略

本文中首先基于电机等效电路模型,分析了车用内置式永磁同步电机的耗能制动状态和回馈制动状态;然后根据电机矢量控制原理,对控制电流指令进行解析,并经试验数据的验证;接着计算得到永磁同步电机最优回馈转矩曲线,并据此提出一种制动回馈能量最优的串联制动控制策略。最后针对某P4并联混合动力商用车,仿真分析了在C?WTVC、CHTC?TT循环工况和试验采集到的某段省道工况下,并联制动和所提出的串联最优制动控制策略下的百公里油耗和制动回收能量。结果表明,与并联制动控制相比,基于电机最优回馈转矩曲线的串联制动控制策略可降低油耗,并回收更多的制动能量,实现制动回收能量和燃油经济性的提升。     

Fuel economy evaluation of fuel cell hybrid vehicles based on optimal control

The fuel economy of a fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV) depends on its power management strategy because the strategy determines the power split between the power sources. Several types of power management strategies have been developed to improve the fuel economy of FCHVs. This paper proposes an optimal control scheme based on the Minimum Principle. This optimal control provides the necessary optimality conditions that minimize the fuel consumption and optimize the power distribution between the fuel cell system (FCS) and the battery during driving. In this optimal control, the final battery state of charge (SOC) and the fuel consumption have an approximately proportional relationship. This relationship is expressed by a linear line, and this line is defined as the optimal line in this research. The optimal lines for different vehicle masses and different driving cycles are obtained and compared. This research presents a new method of fuel economy evaluation. The fuel economy of other power management strategies can be evaluated based on the optimal lines. A rule-based power management strategy is introduced, and its fuel economy is evaluated by the optimal line.     

Optimal fuel-cut driving method for better fuel economy

Eco-drive methods are being applied in modern passenger cars in the form of LCD displays showing real-time fuel consumption rates. The eco-drive is one of the most promising methods to enhance the fuel economy of vehicles. The ecodrive method can be made more effective by using the fuel-cut function. The fuel is not injected when the driver does not depress the gas pedal of a vehicle with engine speeds higher than approximately 1,500 rpm above the mid-vehicle speed range. This function is known as the fuel-cut function, and almost every modern vehicle is equipped with this function. The fuel-cut is most frequently activated on downhill sections of highway. Therefore, the CO₂ exhausted from the vehicle can be zero in this downhill section. In this study, the fuel-cut function is simulated with CRUISE of AVL to find the most effective driving pattern in downhill sections. Simulations with the CRUISE software showed that the lower limit of the vehicle speed for fuelcut should be raised to improve fuel economy on steeper downhill sections. The fuel economy can be optimized when the fuelcut coasting and reacceleration is completed in the downhill part of the road. The simulation result was also compared to previous test results. Fuel consumption was reduced by approximately 4% in both the experimental and simulated results for the West Coast Highway in South Korea.     

改变传动系单一匹配提高整车燃油经济性

燃油经济性是载货汽车最重要的性能指标之一。选用具有代表性的几台样车，进行等速行驶燃油消耗量试验和多工况行驶燃油消耗量试验，对试验数据进行对比分析和理论计算，得到不同传动比对整车燃油经济性的影响，并据此设计了几种较为合适的传动系匹配方案，以满足不同用户的要求。     

基于增益功率燃油系数的HEV能量管理策略

为了优化等效燃油最小能量管理策略的节油效果，以适用于工程批量应用为导向，制定基于增益功率燃油系数的混合动力汽车(HEV)能量管理策略。基于瞬时优化原理，提出基于增益功率燃油系数的工作模式决策机制，根据电机发电或电动引起的发动机功率与燃油消耗率的变化关系，分别给出电机充电和放电模式下增益功率燃油系数的计算方法。考虑发动机扭矩瞬态快速变化对油耗的影响和电机及电池包充放电效率特性，提出发动机高效区域扭矩滞回控制方法，建立基于增益功率燃油系数的能量管理策略算法架构。基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建控制策略软件模型，通过转鼓试验台进行实车试验验证。研究结果表明：相对于等效燃油最小能量管理策略，基于增益功率燃油系数的能量管理策略提升了节油率和舒适性，在全球轻型汽车测试循环(WLTC)工况下的百公里油耗降低了约4.8%，发动机的启停次数降低了约53%；相对于有效燃油消耗率(BSFC)最优工作点控制方法，发动机高效区域滞回控制方法降低百公里油耗约1.8%；与采用基于动态规划的全局优化能量管理策略的仿真结果对比，在不能提前预知工况的条件下，制定的能量管理策略在WLTC工况与新标欧洲测试循环(NEDC)工况下的油耗与理论最优值差距均较小。     

基于烟花算法的PHEV能量管理策略参数优化

为改善插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)的燃油经济性,提出一种基于规则的能量管理策略。结合智能网联汽车技术,利用烟花算法(FWA)结合系统约束条件,对能量管理策略参数进行优化,以求使车辆在变化的路况下能耗最低。为减轻沉重运算负荷,设计了一种事件触发机制来控制优化操作的启停。当车辆油耗超过预设上限则开始优化,一旦油耗满足预设下限则优化结束。在中国典型城市工况下,验证了该策略的有效性及优化性能。结果显示:较优化前的能量管理策略,该方案可使PHEV燃料消耗降低10%。从而,使燃油经济性明显提升。     

New Optimal Power Management Strategy for Series Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Recently Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have gained increasing attention due to their ability to reduce the fuel consumption and emissions. In this paper a new efficient power management strategy is proposed for a series PHEV. According to the battery state of charge (SOC) and vehicle power requirement, a new rule-based optimal power controller with four different operating modes is designed to improve the fuel economy of the vehicle. Furthermore, the teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO) method is employed to find the optimal engine power and battery power under the specified driving cycle while the fuel consumption is considered as the fitness function. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, four different driving cycles with various numbers of driving distances for each driving cycle are selected for the simulation study. The performance of the proposed optimal power management strategy is compared with the rule-based power management method. The results verify that the proposed power management method could significantly improve the fuel economy of the series PHEV for different driving conditions.