2016年航空货运市场回顾与2017年展望

2016年世界航空货运渐入佳境,局部地区出现大幅增长,而我国航空货运市场喜忧参半。本文主要回顾了2016年世界航空货运市场以及中国航空货运市场现状,再根据业内普遍看好和唱衰的几个关键点入手,重点展望了我国2017年航空货运市场,为我国航空企业发展提出了可行的方向。     

航空货运市场发展与展望

2021年新冠肺炎疫情影响仍在继续,但受益于疫情得到有效控制,全球航空货运需求逐步恢复,中国民航在逆境中展示出了强大的韧性,航空货运市场恢复良好。本文主要回顾了2021年全球货运市场表现,并从疫苗运输、地区差异、货邮吞吐量、运力结构和相关政策等方面回顾我国航空货运市场表现,再从冷链物流、国际市场、智慧创新和物流格局切入,全面展望2022年我国航空货运市场的发展方向,为我国航空货运高质量发展提供理论支持。     

中国机场航空货运市场时空演变研究——基于2010-2019年运输机场航空货运数据

选取2010—2019年中国运输机场货邮吞吐量数据,运用核密度分析、标准差椭圆和标准距离方法,研究航空货运市场时空演变特征。结果表明,1)2010—2019年我国机场数量增长显著,东西部差距较为明显,但中西部地区新增机场数量显著增多,机场分布逐渐趋向均衡化发展。2）航空货运市场呈现“3+1核心”的发展格局,中西部地区货运增长较快,市场集聚程度逐渐降低。3）航空货运市场重心由东向西偏移,2010—2013年向西北方向偏移,2013—2019年向西南方向转移。通过对我国航空货运市场时空演变特征的研究,能够为优化我国航空货运市场布局和制定货运发展政策提供理论依据。     

我国航空货运发展分析及政策建议研究

本文阐述了航空货运的发展与国家经济发展水平密切相关,是国家经济发展到达一定阶段的必然要求,我国航空货运尚处于发展初期。在全球航空货运量将持续增长、我国市场深刻变革带来的机遇下,我国航空货运应积极应对国际竞争、适应市场需求、借力国家战略而大力发展。最后,本文从加强各部门沟通协调、统一航空货运技术标准、放开货运地面服务市场准入和优化航空要素资源配置等方面,提出加快我国航空货运发展的政策建议。     

航空货运无纸化操作的发展

<正>一、全球航空货运市场蒸蒸日上尽管2005年世界航空货运量达到1760万吨,仅仅增长3%,低于2004年14%的增长率,但是全球航空货运市场走势强劲,全球航空货运市场吨公里需     

我国航空货运市场特征及定价策略研究

航空货运是我国航空运输市场发展的新增长点,在社会经济发展中占据重要的位置。为提高我国航空货运收益,本文首先分析了航空货运市场特征,包括季节性变化规律、行业集中度和航线网络布局等,并结合专业访谈与文献调研初步确定货运定价影响因素。定性分析的基础上进行定量研究,基于某速运公司年度货运数据,借助SPSS软件做因素相关性分析,根据相关性的强弱最终确定航空货运定价影响因素,从而为航空公司提供合理有效的货运定价策略,实现货运收益的提升,并促进我国航空货运市场的稳健发展。     

我国航空货运业发展面临的问题

<正>近年来我国航空运输市场结构发生了明显的变化。客运市场增长趋缓而货运市场增长强劲,把航空货运特别是国际航空货运作为航空运输业新的增长点已成为广泛的共识。飞机和机场利用率低是我国当前民航发展的薄弱环节,但也是航空货运战略发展的突破口。90年代以来,外国航空公司纷纷看好中国货运市场。特别是近几年来,美国联邦快递、韩航、法航、意航、日航、新航等航空公司都开通了到中国的全货运航班,并不断增加航班密度。     

珠三角国际航空货运物流系统分析

与其他运输方式相比，航空运输具有运输速度快、航程远、跨越地理障碍、安全、舒适等特点，还具有破损率小、节省包装、保险、储存费用低的优点。航空运输行业物流简称航空物流，包括航空货运及航空快件。随着全球经济的逐渐恢复，航空物流市场越来越受到人们的关注，尤其是发展最快的亚太市场，而中国成为世界航空货运最具发展潜力的市场。本文将对珠三角国际航空货运物流系统发展进行分析。     

构建我国航空物流体系的设想

航空物流体系作为现代物流体系的一个组成部分，在社会整体物流体系中起到越来越重要的作用。入世后，我国货运与物流市场对外开放的步伐明显加快，国外大型航空货运与物流企业加快了拓展中国市场的步伐。在我国物流产业还远未形成完整体系的情况下，国内航空物流业不过刚刚起步，航空货运物流市场尚处于整合、调整、变革的发展过程中，本土真正的航空物流企业难以找出一家。借鉴国外航空物流发展的经验，     

专业货运机场的量化界定与空间特征

当前,由于专业货运枢纽机场的缺乏,我国航空物流及其相关产业的发展都面临着较大瓶颈。根据全球专业货运机场发展经验分析,"第三方物流企业/电商平台+中小城市"的航空货运枢纽建设是我国未来民航业发展的必然趋势和重要组成,也是建设民航强国、培养具有国际竞争力的优秀企业和明星城市的必由之路。本文通过分析欧美各类型货运枢纽机场,结合我国现状,提出专业货运机场量化界定和空间差异化特征,为我国专业货运机场及其临空范围的空间规划建设提供参考。     

Bicycles in large cities in China

Bicycles are a main means of transport in China. This paper discusses several aspects of the current situation and future policy, including the production of bicycles, their possession and utilization in typical large cities, the reasons for their importance in communication, the advantages and problems of bicycle traffic, and two different opinions on solving the existing problems. The paper also deals with road design for bicycles and their regulation in China's cities.     

Travel choices in alcohol-related situations in Virginia

Transportation - Using survey data from 3004 respondents aged 21 and older in Northern Virginia, Richmond, and the Tidewater area, this paper identifies factors associated with respondents’...     

Parking policies in large cities in Germany

This article deals with highly motorized large West German cities of about 200,000 inhabitants and more, which usually provide reasonable public transport systems. Illegal parking with shares of about 40 to 50% of the total parking is widespread in the parking problem areas of those cities, especially in the inner-city residential and mixed-use areas. Parking spaces are demanded by residents, employees, customers and visitors, and by delivery and service traffic. The different characteristics of parking demands by different user groups are discussed. The total parking supply consists of public and private spaces. The share of private spaces is about 40 to 50% of the total parking spaces in German cities. The amount of car traffic generated by a parking space depends on parking duration and parking turnover, as well as on search traffic. So the change of a space from long-duration use of an employee to short-duration of customers — as often discussed in parking concepts — generates at least five-fold car traffic. The measurements and effects of parking control of public spaces as well as the parking regulations in zoning ordinances, restrictions on the construction of new private parking spaces and park-and-ride are discussed. Finally, a parking concept methodology — using the example of Frankfurt am Main — is discussed.     

Role of transport in rural development in Africa

Rural Africa is starved of transport services. The transport routes run towards the export enclaves and the coast.

The political, social and developmental rural transport benefits are discussed. Rural transport will help (i) integrate the country and ease its governance; (ii) widen markets; (iii) induce increased agricultural output, through new technologies, reduced transport costs, etc. The transport cost savings should be passed on to rural firms and producers. The paper warns against their accruing only to middlemen — agricultural parastatals inclusive, thereby stifling the benefits to production. This could happen under some forms of pan‐territorial pricing. Negative aspects of road development, e.g. the substitution of local goods by imports, increased migration and noise, are noted.

The place and role of project appraisal in rural road planning is acknowledged. The broad‐based development packages approach associated with Integrated Rural Development Projects has, despite its attractions, some pitfalls. It favours well established villages and ignores distribution benefits within villages.

Project appraisal can be used to justify socially uneconomic transport developments. However, rural road investment projects with immediate negative returns are unlikely to be funded. Given clear priorities, short of elaborate cost/benefit analysis, obvious road investments choices can be made by the local community. Greater public accountability of transport planners and peoples’ participation in determining rural transport needs and priorities is emphasized. Increased rural road maintenance especially through self‐help schemes and increased use of traditional modes of transport, e.g. walking, animal and water transport, is recommended.     

Changes in transport risk perception in urban populations in Norway from 2004 to 2013

Urban populations transport risk perception is interesting because it is associated with travel mode choices and use. This study investigates changes in transport-related risk constructs in the urban population in Norway in 2004 and 2013, and describes whether people perceive private or public to be associated with the highest risk. The results are based on self-completion questionnaire surveys conducted in two independent representative samples living in the same urban areas in 2004 (n?=?592) and 2013 (n?=?1035). Overall, the respondents perceived the risk as lower in 2013 than in 2004. For both time periods, people consistently assessed the risk constructs related to private motorized transportation as higher than corresponding risk in public transportation. The findings suggest that while transportation risk perception in urban populations may change over time, the pattern that private motorized transportation is associated with a higher perceived risk than public transportation remains stable.     

Logistics opportunities in Asia and development in Taiwan

The economy in Asia is growing rapidly. As a consequence, transportation and communication technologies and the changing needs of customers and shippers have resulted in Asian and Taiwan's logistics being in transition. This paper discusses why logistics changes, and explores the opportunities for Asian logistics development. The issues of logistics perspectives of private sectors in Taiwan are then raised. Finally, logistics development in Taiwan is described.     

Mapping minibuses in Maputo and Nairobi: engaging paratransit in transportation planning in African cities

ABSTRACT

Often called paratransit because of their flexible stops, schedules and routes, minibuses make up the bulk of public transport in African cities. Despite their ubiquity and importance, these systems are poorly understood by transportation planners who tend to focus on large-scale urban infrastructure projects such as highways, commuter rail or bus rapid transit systems. The assumption within much of this planning is that these minibus systems are barriers to change and will become at most secondary “feeder” buses within large-scale projects, but structured plans detailing this vision are lacking. This paper argues that frequent failure to collect data and value important paratransit systems as a critical part of transportation in their own right is deeply problematic from the point of view of equity, access and inclusive and effective planning. We ask whether the growing number of bottom up mapping projects of minibus systems can disrupt this status quo. By comparing two mapping projects, Digital Matatus in Nairobi and the Mapa Dos Chapas in Maputo, we find that inclusive, collaborative mapping can help render these minibuses more visible in planning and provoke more grounded and inclusive “planning conversations” on multi-modal integration, passenger information and minibus upgrading, all key but relatively marginalised aspects of creating accessible, low emission, high quality and safe public transport in African cities.     

Passenger rail in North America in the light of developments in Western Europe and Japan

Because of different geo‐demographic and economic conditions, the impact of the new passenger modes (road and air) on rail travel was much larger in North America than in Europe. In 1960s and 1970s, as the railway share of intercity traffic in North America shrunk to a negligible one or two percent, the passenger trains were abandoned by private railway companies and taken over by state organizations, which have continued to operate traditional trains and generate mounting losses. On the technology side, no attempts have been made to improve competitiveness of trains vis‐a‐vis automobiles and airplanes.

In Europe and Japan, the railways responded to the challenge by (i) upgrading the performance (speed) and comfort of traditional trains operating on existing tracks and (ii) developing trains which could, on short and intermediate range distances, compete successfully, in terms of speed and economy, with the road and air modes. The Japanese (Shinkansen trains) and French (TGV trains) experience clearly shows that trains operating on dedicated lines at average speeds of 150 to 200 km/hr provide a superior transportation service and economy on high‐traffic intercity routes of up to about 500 km length. In this paper the factors responsible for the present status of passenger rail in North America are analysed, the current policies in the U.S. and Canada are evaluated in the light of experience to date and developments abroad, and suggestions for a long‐term passenger rail policy are made. This includes examination of (i) the viability of continued subsidization of traditional train services, (ii) the viability of operation of faster trains on existing tracks, (iii) the scope for introduction of modern, fast trains on dedicated lines in high‐density, intercity corridors, (iv) the application of fast trains as access to major airports and integration of airports with fast intercity lines, and (v) the impact of energy (oil) consumption in transportation.

     

Gender inequality in mobility and mode choice in Pakistan

Using the nationally representative dataset of the 2007 Pakistan Time-Use Survey, this paper examines gender differences in daily trip rate, mode choice, travel duration, and purpose of travel, which are previously unreported because of limited data availability. Wide gender mobility gaps are observed in the country, where women are less likely to travel, are half as mobile as men and may rely heavily on walking. The particular social and cultural context of the country, that renders women as private, secluded and family honor, seems influential in shaping their mobility and choice of activities. Demographic factors such as age, household income, and marital status significantly decrease female mobility levels. Hence, these findings call for a gender-based culturally responsive transportation policy in the country.     

美国煤浆体管道检测方法的新进展

从煤浆密度和浓度、流变参数和粒子带电量测量3个方面简要地总结了美国煤浆检测技术的新方法、新仪器的发展状况,分析了其发展特点。这将有助于促进国内煤炭浆体管道输送的发展。