桩基双挡板透空式码头波浪上托力试验研究

依托沈家湾客运码头拟建二期工程,通过物理模型试验,对桩基双挡板码头面板所受波浪力上托力进行研究。结果表明：相对波高（Hd）、相对波长（Ld）、后挡板结构形式、后挡板相对入水深度（t2d）均对码头面板及横梁上所受波浪上托力具有较为显著的影响。通过将最大上托波压强的试验值与现有研究成果进行对比,在后挡板相对入水深度≤0.65时,最大上托波压强的计算可以参考周益人的拟合公式;在后挡板入水深度＞0.65时,最大上托波压强的计算可以参考过达的拟合公式。     

石化码头墩台结构波浪力研究

海上栈桥式码头的上部一般由置于静水面以上的带有纵横梁水平面板构成,为估算作用于结构上的波浪力,已有相当多的理论和试验研究,提出许多波浪力和相应的压强分布经验公式。然而,由于影响因素非常复杂,且工程梁系结构多变,因此通过模型试验来确定梁系结构等的波浪上托力和水平力是十分必要的。利用物理模型试验,测定了厦门港海沧港区石化码头结构在不同水位波浪组合情况下码头平台、墩台和桩基上的波浪力,并且得到了设计部门的实际采用。     

全装配式高桩码头钢质靠船构件设计要点

通过调查研究目前码头采用的混凝土靠船构件应用和施工过程中存在的问题，针对全装配式高桩码头结构的设计需求，将混凝土靠船构件与前沿护舷功能合并，提出一种新型密闭式钢质靠船构件及相应的耐久性措施和结构健康监测方案。该结构由面板、背板和纵横筋板组成并采用密封结构，直接通过预埋螺栓安装于码头前沿，克服了靠船构件安装施工难点，有利于工程施工安全，提高施工效率。     

高桩码头上部结构波浪力物理模型试验研究

在不同水位、相同波浪要素组合条件下进行波浪对码头上部结构作用力的模型试验研究,得到上部结构所受最大波浪水平力、最大波浪上托力、最大波浪水平力对应的波浪上托力以及最大波浪上托力对应的波浪水平力,分析最大波浪水平力和最大波浪上托力之间的相位差;并对最大波浪上托力和理论值进行分析比较。试验结果表明:随着水位的增高,作用在码头上部结构的波浪力先增大后减小,在设计高水位时,码头上部结构受到的波浪力最大;最大波浪上托力和最大波浪水平力并不同时出现,存在相位差。     

斜坡接岸码头面板波浪上托力出现类型和统计分布

码头面板波浪上托力具有明显的随机性，规则波试验得到的结果也相当离散。通过对１：１．５斜坡接岸砂面板波浪上托力出现类型和统计特征的分析说明这一特点。当码头面板在静水面以上的高度超过一定范围时，对应每个试验，波浪上托力出现可能性具有一定的随机性，这种随机性称作“出现类型”出现类型分为不出现，偶然出现，间歇出现，连续出现四种。采用Ｋ－Ｓ法，对同一试验条件得到的全部波浪上托力数据的分布概型作了检验，计算结     

开敞码头上部结构波浪上托力的试验研究

波浪上托力是作用在开敞码头上部结构的主要荷载，对码头的安全使用具有重要影响。本文从试验资料入手，着重分析了开敞码头上部结构波浪上托力的作用特点，影响因素及计算方法的适用性，并分析了波浪上托力的统计分布类型。     

某拖轮码头高桩结构的设计优化

某拖轮码头为高桩梁板式结构,上部结构由预制桩帽、预制横梁、预制面板、预制靠船面板及现浇面板组成,结构复杂,施工困难,浇注质量难以保证,码头结构存在优化的可能性和必要性。通过对设计荷载、桩基结构进行优化,在维持原码头功能要求的前提下,降低桩基内力,重新设计钢管桩壁厚,节省钢管桩钢材用量;将上部结构更改为现浇结构,提高了施工效率和混凝土浇筑质量,节省钢筋用量。该设计优化可供类似项目借鉴。     

离岸透空式结构波浪上托力计算方法的探讨

在分析前人试验研究成果的基础上,结合透空式码头结构型式,提出作用在透空式结构面板上的波浪上托力压强分布形式为:同一时刻既有冲击型上托力压强分布,又有均布型上托力压强分布,并给出上托力的计算宽度和总上托力的计算方法。     

毛里塔尼亚某25万吨级矿石码头工程创新设计

为了有效地节约成本,降低海上沉桩难度,提高施工速度等一系列问题,码头设计方大胆创新,采用靠船墩与码头平台分离的结构型式,桩基采用全直桩,突破常规采用叉桩来抵抗由波浪、船舶和装卸机械产生水平分力的常规做法,充分发挥钢管桩自身抗弯刚度大的特点。设计首次采用欧洲标准进行设计,桩基采用全直钢管桩,引桥横梁、码头桩帽、靠船墩和系缆墩采用薄壁外壳结构方案,大大降低了工程成本,提高了施工速度。     

大水位差地区高桩梁板码头靠船构件的结构型式

以长江中下游高桩梁板码头靠船构件为例，简述八十年代以来，大水位差的内河港口码头由钢立柱靠船构件到钢钢靠船桩靠船结构，直至目前采用的浮式靠船设施的发展历程，及各靠船设施的结构特点。     

The uplift capacity of single-plate helical pile in shallow dense sand including the influence of installation

The helical pile has been used to resist the tension for a long time. However, the prediction of the uplift capacity of helical piles including the influence of installation is still a challenge in design. Based on the change in stress according to Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, a simple theoretical method has been developed, which can calculate the uplift capacity of shallow pre-embedded circular plate anchors and the uplift capacity of helical piles installed by torque and compression. In order to analyse the influence of installation process of a single-plate helical pile on its uplift capacity and verify the theoretical model, a series of model tests have been conducted in dense saturated sand. The single-plate helical piles with different out diameters of helixes have been installed with different installation speeds, and then, the single-plate helical piles have been moved up monotonically. The test results show that the installation speed and the size of the out diameter of the helix have significant influence on the uplift capacity of the helical piles, and the results of the theoretical method have a good fit with the test results. Using this simple theoretical method, the designer can easily predict the uplift capacities of helical piles, which includes the influence of installation.     

Required test durations for converged short-term wave and impact extreme value statistics–Part 2: Deck box dataset

In the assessment of wave-in-deck loads for new and existing maritime structures typically model tests are carried out. To determine the most critical conditions and measure sufficient impact loads, a range of sea states and various seeds (realisations) for each sea state are tested. Based on these measurements, probability distributions can be derived and design loads determined. In air gap model testing usually only few, if any, impact loads occur per 3-hour seed. This can make it challenging to derive reliable probability distributions of the measured loads, especially when only a few seeds are generated. In addition wave impact forces, such as greenwater loading, slamming, or air gap impacts are typically strongly non-linear, resulting in a large variability of the measured loads. This results in the following questions: How many impacts are needed to derive a reliable distribution? How is the repeatability of individual events affecting the overall distribution? To answer these questions wave-in-deck model tests were carried out in 100 x 3-hour realisations of a 10,000 year North Sea sea state. The resulting probability distributions of the undisturbed wave measurements as well as the measured wave-in-deck loads are presented in this paper with focus on deriving the number of seeds and exposure durations required for a reliable estimate of design loads.The presented study is Part 2 of a combined study on guidance for the convergence and variability of wave crests and impact loading extreme values. The data set of Part 1 ([1]) is based on greenwater loads on a sailing ferry and the data set of Part 2 on wave-in-deck loads on a stationary deck box.     

Structural behaviour of a high tensile steel deck using trapezoidal stiffeners and dynamics of vehicle–deck interactions

As an early part of a large design and fabrication-oriented project FasdHTS funded by the GROWTH programme of the European Commission, an exotic concept ship was designed in very high tensile steel (EHS690) with the purpose of finding out consequences for design and production. The project has already produced a considerable bank of knowledge for design and shipyard production in this material.This paper presents analysis and discussions on static and dynamic behaviour of a high tensile steel deck designed with trapezoidal stiffeners. First, a finite element model of the deck structure is created. The influence of support condition for the longitudinal girders, and the contact area between the vehicle tyre and panel were analysed. The results from modal analysis of the structure under different load conditions are presented. The different load conditions comprise the unloaded and loaded deck, and the load type, i.e. cargo loads or vehicle loads (car loads or truck loads). From the frequency response analysis under harmonic excitation, it shows how the locations and numbers of cars parked on the deck influence the dynamic response of the structure. Furthermore, by studying the car–deck interaction, it is found that the effects of normal cargo loads are quite different from the vehicle loads due to the spring/damping effects of the vehicles. It is suggested that the carloads have a similar mechanism to that of tuned mass dampers. Finally, two transient analyses of the structure due to excitations transferred from deck supports and lorry braking-induced loading are performed. It is suggested that the deck structure and vehicle design could have more interactions with each other.     

应用斜桩实用公式计算高桩刚性桩台桩力影响线

应用桥梁承台斜桩实用公式法推导出刚性桩台桩力影响线的计算公式,并应用于港口工程高桩刚性桩台桩力影响线的计算,其结果完全能满足工程设计要求。该公式简单、实用、方便,可供设计人员结构设计时参考。     

Design method for steel deck plates under quasi-static patch loads with allowable plastic deformations

Plastic deformation of plates in steel deck structures under heavy vehicle or helicopter wheel loads is common in ships and offshore structures, and is therefore of significant interest to designers of ro-ro/cargo ships, helicopter-carrying ships and offshore platforms. To provide insight into the plastic deformation of plates, the nonlinear elasto-plastic response of stiffened steel plates loaded quasi-statically by a central rigid rectangular indenter is investigated both experimentally and numerically. The numerically-determined stiffened plate permanent deflections compare well with those obtained experimentally. The concept of applying the elasto-plastic method to the design of deck plates under wheel patch loads is introduced, and the design principle of wheel patch loaded plating is studied together with the design criteria. A simple design formula to determine plating thickness is proposed based on an acceptable level of permanent set. Ship-mounted helideck plating design cases are given to illustrate the elasto-plastic method, and comparisons are made between the thicknesses derived using the proposed design formula and those found from Lloyd's Register (LR), Bureau Veritas (BV) and DNV-GL rule requirements.     

5000 t自航甲板驳船波浪载荷与总纵强度研究

针对5 000 t自航甲板驳船,研究甲板宽大型驳船的波浪载荷及结构强度问题。根据船舶作业海域的海况条件,通过对波浪诱导载荷响应函数的计算,得出并预报船体所承受的波浪载荷。确定结构强度计算工况,分析甲板驳船结构强度问题。     

A study on reliability-based inspection planning – Application to deck plate thickness measurement of aging tankers

In order to conduct a timely and effective inspection to avoid the ultimate failure of deck plate, a reliability-based procedure for inspection planning is introduced. A review of the uncertainties in deriving the capacity of deck plate and through life degradation effects on tanker structural integrity is given. Using the Latin Hypercube sampling method to perform the Monte Carlo Simulation, the time-variant failure probabilities of deck plate are computed, then compared with target values. Based on the comparison, the time for thickness measurement of deck plate is predicted. A total of 1080 cases for nine sample tankers are analyzed to illustrate the procedure, including sensitivity and parametric studies. This paper is a sequel to the preceding paper [6], where a semi-probabilistic approach is presented to assess the time-variant ultimate strength of aging tanker’s deck plate considering corrosion wastage.     

开孔沉箱盖板顶托力现场观测与分析

针对某工程开孔沉箱消浪室盖板顶托力问题,采用现场观测研究手段,对顶托力与潮位进行观测,总结潮位和顶托力分布特点,分析顶托力在单日、短时长和整个观测期间的规律以及顶托力过程和历时,对比盖板抬高0. 5 m后顶托力变化。结果表明:顶托力增长过程与潮位升高过程一致,盖板受力为潮位静水压力和波浪动水压力共同作用的结果,不同仓之间的受力表现为后仓中仓前仓,若盖板抬高0. 5 m,盖板受力状态将得到明显改善,沉箱盖板底高程对顶托力起着决定作用。     

甲板运输船艏部舱段有限元强度分析

考虑甲板运输船的甲板相对较宽,容易导致尺度比超出规范的限定,因此其强度分析应该特殊考虑.利用有限元分析软件MSC.Patran/Nastran建立舱段有限元模型,对甲板运输船的艏部舱段在总纵外载荷、外部水压力和甲板局部载荷作用下的强度进行直接计算和分析.     

温度效应对全直桩现浇梁板高桩码头结构的影响

针对温度效应对全直桩现浇梁板高桩码头的影响问题,在75、150、200、300 m等4个不同长度的结构段上增加温度效应后对内力的影响进行对比和论述,采用国际通用有限元软件进行三维空间计算,得出国内环境下适当增长结构段长度可对桩基、纵横梁的弯矩、剪力和轴力值均有一定程度的降低。