汽车座椅靠背对驾乘者腰部支撑强度的压力特征及演变

在座椅其他设计均不变的情况下,被试者通过调节腰托前后位置实现腰部支撑强度变化,模拟背部特别是腰部不同支撑设计的座椅,进行了座椅靠背主客观评价相结合的舒适性研究,并讨论了随着驾驶时间的推移,驾乘者不舒适部位和坐姿变化规律。研究显示,得到被试者腰部支撑强度适中、不足和过大3种形式的压力分布特征之一。腰部支撑强度适中时,腰部区域内压力变化平缓成“面”支撑;腰部支撑不足时,一般特征是腰部区域内压力小于肩部,随着驾乘时间增加,骨盆会前移使腰椎脱离脊柱“S”形的健康弯曲状态;腰部支撑过大时,有“点”支撑的变化趋势,随着驾乘时间增加,胸廓后仰头部调整驾驶所需的眼睛位置,颈部和肩部肌肉处于活跃做功状态易产生疲劳。     

Subjective absolute discomfort threshold due to idle vibration in passenger vehicles according to sitting posture

Idle vibration, occurring when a vehicle comes to a stop while the engine is on, is known to be a main cause of discomfort for passengers, and the customer effect has been recently growing. The frequency of idle vibration is determined by the engine type. To lower the vibration, various technologies have been applied to optimize the engine mount and vehicle body structure. In addition to the technological developments, research on human response with a consideration of idle vibration is needed to effectively reduce the level of discomfort experienced by passengers. Seats aimed at enhancing static comfort influence the sitting posture of passengers; sitting posture is a factor affecting human body characteristics that response to idle vibration. This study examined the absolute discomfort threshold of idle vibration according to the sitting postures of 13 taxi drivers. The four sitting postures of subjects on a rigid-body seat without a backrest were variables in the determination of absolute discomfort threshold of idle vibration. The absolute discomfort threshold curves obtained in this experiment were less sensitive to frequency changes than the frequency weighting function of ISO 2631-1.     

汽车座椅高度调节器核心构件优化设计

汽车座椅安全性设计的主要目标就是尽可能避免座椅结构损坏和功能失效情况的发生.高调器作为汽车座椅的部件之一,其功能的好坏直接影响安全性.文章主要根据某款轿车驾驶员座椅在高度调节过程中失效的原因进行分析,设计一种解决高调失效的有效结构设计方案,该方案重新设计了高调器核心件内部销柱的结构.对重新设计的高调器进行疲劳耐久试验,试验结果表明,改进后的高调器可有效解决高调失效的问题,提高了汽车座椅的安全性.     

汽车座椅布置设计CAD系统的研制

乘坐舒适性是汽车座椅的重要性能，它包括静态舒适性和动态舒适性。设计座椅的位置，满足以驾驶员为中心的人机关系和坐姿要求是座椅设计的前提。提出了座椅位置及其调节范围设计的有效方法，并研制了相应的CAD系统，可以帮助厂商明确座椅位置设计的要求，并获得一系列信息，为汽车生产商和座椅供应商提供了一种良好的对话工具。     

汽车座椅头枕结构的参数化设计

利用有限元软件MSC．PATRAN／NASTRAN构建了国产某轿车驾驶员座椅骨架总成有限元模型，并对座椅头枕后移量进行了仿真分析。利用参数化设计语言PCL编写了座椅头枕结构参数化设计程序，分析了座椅头枕结构参数对头枕后移量的影响。     

汽车座椅常见异响故障及解决方案

随着人民生活水平的提高,汽车在生活中扮演的角色也越来越重要.随着科技的进步,汽车将不仅仅是人类出行的载体,更将是人类生活中不可或缺的一部分,汽车将成为人类最亲密的伙伴.不管科技如何进步,汽车座椅都是汽车重要的组成部分.汽车座椅的功能也越来越强大,从最初的人体支撑,到现在座椅具备多项调节,满足不同人群的使用需求,汽车座椅...     

Nonlinearity in the vertical transmissibility of seating: the role of the human body apparent mass and seat dynamic stiffness

The efficiency of a seat in reducing vibration depends on the characteristics of the vibration, the dynamic characteristics of the seat, and the dynamic characteristics of the person sitting on the seat. However, it is not known whether seat cushions influence the dynamic response of the human body, whether the human body influences the dynamic response of seat cushions, or the relative importance of human body nonlinearity and seat nonlinearity in causing nonlinearity in measures of seat transmissibility. This study was designed to investigate the nonlinearity of the coupled seat and human body systems and to compare the apparent mass of the human body supported on rigid and foam seats. A frequency domain model was used to identify the dynamic parameters of seat foams and investigate their dependence on the subject-sitting weight and hip breadth. With 15 subjects, the force and acceleration at the seat base and acceleration at the subject interface were measured during random vertical vibration excitation (0.25–25 Hz) at each of five vibration magnitudes, (0.25–1.6 ms^?2 r.m.s.) with four seating conditions (rigid flat seat and three foam cushions). The measurements are presented in terms of the subject's apparent mass on the rigid and foam seat surfaces, and the transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of each of the foam cushions. Both the human body and the foams showed nonlinear softening behaviour, which resulted in nonlinear cushion transmissibility. The apparent masses of subjects sitting on the rigid seat and on foam cushions were similar, but with an apparent increase in damping when sitting on the foams. The foam dynamic stiffness showed complex correlations with characteristics of the human body, which differed between foams. The nonlinearities in cushion transmissibilities, expressed in terms of changes in resonance frequencies and moduli, were more dependent on human body nonlinearity than on cushion nonlinearity.     

2车碰撞事故下5座乘用车乘员死亡风险分析

为探究5座乘用车乘员在2车碰撞事故下的死亡风险,研究了6种单一特征变量对乘员致死率的影响,进而基于二项Logistic回归模型分别对单一特征变量和组合特征变量进行显著性分析。通过9种常用的分类算法,结合网格搜索的调参方法,以F1为衡量指标选出相对较优的3种分类算法,即投票分类器、梯度提升及决策树,来构建多特征组合下的死亡风险预测模型。研究结果表明:①单一特征变量中行驶方向、路段类型、碰撞对象、乘坐位置对乘员死亡有显著影响。其中,异向行驶的车辆碰撞与同向行驶相比,乘员的死亡风险增加72%;非高速交叉路段与高速路段相比,乘员的死亡风险降低69%;碰撞对象为商用货车、商用客车的乘员死亡风险分别是乘用车的5倍和3倍,若在非高速非交叉路段发生碰撞则乘员死亡风险升至8倍左右,若在高速路段则高达15倍左右;相对于驾驶位乘员,副驾驶位乘员的死亡风险增加70%,且该位置乘员的死亡风险在高速路段会升高到驾驶位乘员的近4倍;②碰撞对象和路段类型是影响乘员死亡情况的主要特征变量;③由模型的预测结果可知:5座乘用车的正面或后面与商用货车在高速路段或非高速非交叉路段发生碰撞,乘员的死亡风险高于生存几率。      

基于CAE技术的某中型卡车司机座椅振动舒适性分析及优化

座椅刚度和阻尼参数的选取,直接影响座椅的乘坐舒适性。采用CAE技术,对某中型卡车司机座椅进行动力学响应分析,并对座椅的弹簧刚度和减振器阻尼参数进行动力学优化,优化后座垫上的加速度峰值大幅降低,取得了比较好的效果。通过平顺性试验验证,优化后的座椅结构在各种车速下,总计权值明显低于原结构。摸索出了一条运用CAE技术对机械式座椅的乘坐舒适性进行分析和优化的途径。     

汽车座椅头枕强度CAE分析及优化设计

建立了汽车座椅有限元分析模型,根据GB115502009《汽车座椅头枕强度要求和试验方法》,对座椅头枕及骨架的强度进行了仿真分析,并根据试验结果对模型进行了试验设计,改进了座椅的结构参数。结构改进后的仿真结果表明,在满足国标要求的前提下,新结构有效地提高了座椅头枕及骨架的强度。     

两辆SUV乘用车侧碰耐撞性最差工况的判定

为了判定运动型多功能乘用车(SUV)受到同款车型以确定速度侧面碰撞时驾驶位附近车体耐撞性最差的工况,参考2018版中国新车评价规程(C-NCAP)中的相关要求,联合HyperWorks和LS-DYNA软件建立了两辆某款福特SUV侧面碰撞的有限元模型,仿真计算了撞击车在50 km/h的速度下以4种角度碰撞静止车辆侧面6个位置时被撞车驾驶位附近车体侧围构件的侵入量数据及其分布情况。结果表明:若两辆此款SUV发生侧碰且碰撞速度一定,则被撞车驾驶位附近车体侧围构件在碰撞角接近120°且碰撞位置处于法规侧碰处向前0~200 mm范围内的工况下所产生的侵入量最大,即被撞SUV驾驶位附近车体的耐撞性在这样的工况下显得最差。     

基于2021版和2015版C-NCAP的某驾驶员座椅鞭打试验对比分析及改进

通过对比2015版和2021版C-NCAP鞭打试验评价规程和评分原则,总结了两个版本之间的异同点.搭载BioRID II假人模型对同一批次的某驾驶员座椅分别进行2015版和2021版C-NCAP鞭打试验,并对比了在不同版本评价规程下试验后假人颈部的伤害情况,找出失分的主要因素,为厂家进行驾驶员座椅设计提供了相对应的改进...     

关于MPV车型第三排头部空间不足问题的车身优化方案

随着三孩政策的开放,汽车市场7座家用MPV车型需求逐步增大,因受限于造型特征、整车尺寸以及车内安全带等布置限制,第三排乘坐空间较小,易产生压抑感,乘坐舒适度较低,如何在已有的条件限制先充分提升第三排乘坐空间,改善乘坐舒适性已成为各主机厂重点考虑的问题,本文介绍一种改善第三排头头部空间的安全带布置方案以及对应车身结构设计...     

考虑初始情绪的个性化驾驶负荷状态评价

利用驾驶人生理数据对驾驶人的负荷状态进行评价已成为交通心理学的研究热点,该方法通常需要采集驾驶人在静息状态的生理信号特征作为其负荷基准,因此负荷基准的提取将影响驾驶人状态评价结果的准确性.基于此,研究搭建驾驶模拟试验平台,招募15名志愿者开展驾驶模拟试验,设计不同任务诱导其产生3种程度的精神负荷,采集志愿者在不同负荷状...     

Starting sliding mode variable structure that coordinates the control and real-time optimization of dry dual clutch transmissions

This paper researches the coordination of control between an engine and clutch at the system level to adequately reflect a driver’s intention and improve the starting performance of a vehicle equipped with a dry dual clutch transmission (DCT). Four-degree-of-freedom (DOF) starting dynamic equations are established for a dry DCT with a single intermediate shaft, and a two-DOF model of the sliding friction process and a single-DOF in-gear model of stable operation are obtained after simplifying these equations. Taking advantage of predictive control and a genetic algorithm, target tracing curves of the engine’s speed and the vehicle’s velocity are optimally specified online, and the starting sliding mode variable structure (SMVS) coordinating control strategy is designed to track these curves. The starting performance of a prototype car equipped with a dry DCT is simulated under different starting cases on the MATLAB/Simulink software platform. The simulation results show that the designed SMVS coordinating controller not only embodies driver intention and effectively improves the dry DCT car’s starting performance but is also highly robust when subjected to variations in the vehicle parameters.     

汽车驾驶员视野校核方法

驾驶员的视野直接影响汽车的使用和安全,而视野与车身设计结构密切相关。对汽车进行车身设计及总布置时,不仅要考虑造型美观,而且还应保证驾驶员的视野符合法规要求。文章以一新型汽车的驾驶员视野为校核对象,结合车身设计与布置情况,依据相关法规和标准,介绍了汽车驾驶员前、后方视野的校核方法,从理论上验证了新设计车身与布置的合理性。     

12m大客车座椅布置与分析

根据大客车相关法规和人机工程学,对大客车驾驶区进行布置和乘客区座椅进行不同方案的布置设计,并对各种座椅布置方案进行分析和比较,还对客车的地板进行有限元分析;最后根据用户的实际使用要求,选择相应的座椅布置方案。     

Parameters optimisation of a vehicle suspension system using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm

The purpose of this paper is to determine the lumped suspension parameters that minimise a multi-objective function in a vehicle model under different standard PSD road profiles. This optimisation tries to meet the rms vertical acceleration weighted limits for human sensitivity curves from ISO 2631 [ISO-2631: guide for evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration. Europe; 1997] at the driver's seat, the road holding capability and the suspension working space. The vehicle is modelled in the frequency domain using eight degrees of freedom under a random road profile. The particle swarm optimisation and sequential quadratic programming algorithms are used to obtain the suspension optimal parameters in different road profile and vehicle velocity conditions. A sensitivity analysis is performed using the obtained results and, in Class G road profile, the seat damping has the major influence on the minimisation of the multi-objective function. The influence of vehicle parameters in vibration attenuation is analysed and it is concluded that the front suspension stiffness should be less stiff than the rear ones when the driver's seat relative position is located forward the centre of gravity of the car body. Graphs and tables for the behaviour of suspension parameters related to road classes, used algorithms and velocities are presented to illustrate the results. In Class A road profile it was possible to find optimal parameters within the boundaries of the design variables that resulted in acceptable values for the comfort, road holding and suspension working space.     

Optimization of Vehicles Elasto-Damping Elements Characteristics from the Aspect of Ride Comfort

SUMMARY

Spatial random vibrations of a vehicle that arise during driving represent an important factor in functioning of a dynamic system: Driver - Vehicle - Environment. They carry certain information for driver and also cause fatigue of driver and passenger.

This is the reason why the tendency is towards the minimization of vibratory loads, what in practice can be achieved by optimization of characteristics of elasto - damping elements of a vehicle.

In this paper for optimization of elasto - damping elements of a vehicle we used a complex nonlinear model of a driver and a vehicle during the straight - line motion of the vehicle on a rough road. Optimization was performed by application of the Hooke - Jeeves method and by use of outside penalty functions as well as the objective function that enabled simultaneous optimization of vertical vibrations of the driver's seat, vibrations of the steering wheel, and normal reactions in the contact surface of the tyre and road. The optimization was performed with application of the computer HP 9000/800 SE on the example of a medium passenger car.     

驾驶员座椅智能控制系统

介绍驾驶员座椅系统部件构成、系统主要电路,着重描述系统功能以及开启这些功能的条件。同时也介绍座椅电动机、座椅控制器的软件及硬件的设计要点。