铁路开展联合货物运输的产品组织形式研究

本文基于铁路现有运能和运输组织水平,对铁路开展联合货物运输的产品及组织形式进行了研究。首先阐述了铁路开展联合货物运输的意义,基于运输产品的概念与设计原则,提出适合联合货物运输的铁路货运产品,并对其组织形式进行了分析研究。     

高原艰险山区铁路货物运输组织模式

随着高原艰险山区铁路基础设施的逐步完善,亟需根据地区发展提出适宜的铁路货物运输组织模式,通过铁路货运助推地区经济产业发展,加速高原艰险山区融入国家发展新格局。本文基于高原艰险山区自然及产业发展概况,对铁路货物运输特性进行了分析,在既有运输组织模式的基础上,结合现代物流理念构建高原艰险山区铁路市场导向动态规划型运输组织模式,并针对货运流程及动态开行方案编制两项关键技术进行相应的优化与分析。     

透视铁路货运开放与第三方进入

<正>为实现我国对WTO的承诺,顺应物流全球化和对外开放运输市场的发展趋势,在更大范围和更深程度上参与经济全球化的合作和竞争,铁路运输业加快了改革步伐,其中铁路货物运输先行一步对外放开,即允许除铁路运输主业、铁路多经运输企业之外的第三方运输企业进入铁路货物运输市场,从事铁路货物运输。     

铁路货运装车作业流程仿真与优化

铁路货运装车作业是铁路货运业务的重要环节,其作业速度对铁路货物运输效率有着重要影响,需要对铁路货运作业流程进行优化。本文从铁路货运装车作业出发,分析了目前我国铁路货运装车作业的流程现状,并以整车运输为例,建立相应的Petri网模型,利用Exspect仿真软件对优化前后的模型进行仿真,并对装车作业流程优化以后的效果进行量化评价,验证了优化方案的有效性。     

高速铁路成网背景下既有线货物运输发展策略

从近两年铁路货运量"不增反降"现象出发,论述了高速铁路建设成网对既有线货物运输组织的影响,分析了铁路货物运输现状及存在的问题,从铁路运输经营理念、货运产品设计、运输组织方式等角度提出发展策略。     

路企直通运输利弊分析及改进对策

文章针对铁路货物运输现状,阐述了路企直通运输带来的好处,同时分析了路企直通运输存在的问题,并提出了相应的改进建议。     

我国货运发展趋势及提高效率的对策

提高货运效率的目的,就是要尽可能避免或减少货运发展过程中的各种资源性浪费,减少单位运输产出的资源成本,包括货物运输的外部成本。这不仅需要提高货运企业效率、各种运输方式自身的技术效率,而且要优化各种运输方式之间的资源配置,提高运输资源的配置效率,从而提高我国货运系统的整体效率。     

欧美驮背运输发展及对我国的启示

驮背运输是我国货运发展的重要方向,欧美驮背运输发展的较早,运输模式已较为成熟,而我国铁路驮背运输在货物运输体系中尚属空白。本文主要介绍了欧美驮背运输的发展现状和运输方式,结合国外驮背运输的发展经验,对我国驮背运输的发展提出建议。     

鄂尔多斯市煤炭运输需求形势分析及建议

本文结合煤炭产业发展形势,分析鄂尔多斯市货物运输需求总量、货类结构、货物运输需求空间结构等变化特征,提出增强鄂尔多斯市铁路外运通道建设、构建工业园区集疏网络、集约化大型工业园区运输模式、建设完备的危化品储运系统等建议。     

浅析我国铁路货运的发展

随着各种运输方式的快速发展,运输市场发生了重大的变革,尤其是在货物运输市场中,铁路运输的占有比例逐步降低。文章介绍了我国铁路货运的发展现状,分析了近几年铁路货运量及货运周转量持续下降的主要原因,从实际出发对铁路货运的改革发展提出了相应的策略建议。     

Land Transport Policy and Public Transport in Singapore

Singapore has a sophisticated and efficient system of land transport to serve a growing demand for transportation. Constrained by limited space, a comprehensive set of land transport policies has been in place to balance the growth in transport demand and the effectiveness and efficiency of the land transport system. A multi-pronged approach has been used to achieve the objective of a world-class transportation system. These include integration of urban and transport planning, expansion of the road network and improvement of the transport infrastructure, harnessing the latest technology in network and traffic management, managing vehicle ownership and usage, and improvement and regulations of public transport (Ministry of Transport (MOT) (2003) Policy and Regulations, Land Transport, Available: www.mot.gov.sg, Date of Access: 15 September 2003). Singapore was the first country in the world to introduce various new techniques, notably the Area License Scheme (ALS) in 1975 and the Vehicle Quota System (VQS) in 1990. An Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system replaced the ALS in 1998 to take the role of congestion management, the experience of which has also drawn particular attention from many large cities in the world. In 2003, the world’s first and only fully automatic heavy rail Mass Rapid Transit system was opened to the public, marking a new chapter in Singapore’s innovative approach to solving its land transport problem. This paper reviews the land transport policy implemented in Singapore and pays special emphasis to its public transportation systems.     

影像运输

、~口~一影像运输@陈和琦!本刊记者~~     

Transport in Warsaw

The paper is devoted to Warsaw, a city burnt to the ground during World War II and reconstructed from its ruins. This allowed the post‐war designers to change the road network and modernize the system of transport. This modernization, however, has turned out not to be far‐sighted enough: hence the present transport difficulties.

Compared with Western European cities car traffic is less intensive and smoother. The high density of places of work in the central district and of inhabitants in residential districts has resulted in a shortage of parking places. Most people use public transport comprising buses, trams and railways; trolley buses and taxis are less used. Buses are the most frequently used transport within the city; railways play a similar role in the city‐suburban zone connections. The first underground line is under construction.

The immense amount of daily travel is generated mainly by the inappropriate distribution of residences, places of work and services, and secondly by the low fares on public transport, which is subsidized by the state and works more as a social service than as a branch of the economy.     

Transport reviews prize

This paper reviews the provision of public transport in the Cape Town Metropolitan Area and the proposals for its future development. A vitally distinguishing characteristic of public transport in Cape Town and other South African cities is the fractured market with great discrepancies between different segments. These range from those with high incomes and preferences similar to those found in typically First World countries to a great majority living at or below minimum poverty levels with virtually no choices and a very different set of needs and preferences. Although scope for improving service levels and satisfying user needs is unlimited, in South Africa resources for transport are facing severe competition from other macrolevel social and economic imperatives, such as combating crime and addressing discrepancies in health and education needs. This situation represents a huge challenge to those responsible for planning and developing public transport strategies. Evidence is presented that current public transport services are unsustainable in terms of increasing subsidy requirements while also not effectively meeting user needs. Proposals to restructure the public transport system and to use Stated Preference techniques to identify user needs are put forward. Given the fractured market for public transport in metropolitan Cape Town, Stated Preference techniques will require innovative adaptations and different approaches to those most commonly applied elsewhere in the world and this paper provides some broad guidelines.     

Transport in Tokyo

This paper gives a review of the historical and geographical preconditions as well as of the population and economic development which led to the unique and complex transport systems of Tokyo. Tokyo Metropolis, one of the most populous cities in the world, is located in the National Capital Region of Japan where 32 million people are living today. The special transport problems deriving from this high population density are described in context with the development of employment, transport infrastructure and motorization. Due consideration is given to the influence exerted by the structure of the whole region on the overall traffic behaviour.

Several transport phenomena and problem solutions which are typical of the traffic systems in Tokyo are described, such as the change of rush hour congestion rates depending on subway extension, modal split for different trip purposes in the inner urban area, or information via local radio broadcasts with very short range of transmission.

The main current transport issues are discussed. Though the transport networks in Tokyo are some of the most developed in the world, there is still heavy congestion in rush hours. The basic policy therefore is the further strengthening and improvement of the public transport network.