船用岸电技术综述

总结船用岸电技术的研究背景和发展现状,介绍了船用岸电系统的组成和供电方式,分析船用岸电技术对电能替代的推进作用、对节能减排的促进作用以及对港口环境的改善作用,并对船用岸电技术的研究方向提出了见解。     

零碳港口建设路径研究

港口是综合交通运输系统的重要组成和关键枢纽,也是能源消费和碳排放的重点环节之一,在交通运输行业大力推进碳达峰、碳中和的背景下,港口需要结合行业发展趋势和能源消费特点,积极探索低碳发展路径,推动零碳港口建设.本文对零碳码头内涵进行了分析,选取了某集装箱码头作为研究对象,对码头建设期、运营期碳排放量进行了测算,在此基础上,分别从清洁能源供应基础设施、节能低碳设备应用、能源智能管控、高效生产调度、绿色建筑建设、全寿命周期碳中和等方面提出了零碳港口建设路径.     

典型港口岸电比较及对中国港口岸电的启示

岸电技术是港口节能减排降噪的有效措施。文章总结岸电在一些发达国家的发展现状和研究进展,对世界典型港口岸电系统进行了评述。结合中国的港口电网电制特点,提炼现阶段中国岸电研究中的关键问题。     

邮轮岸电的发展现状及对策建议

岸电作为一项港口减排技术受到国内外的重视,如果船舶在停靠码头期间采用岸电代替燃油发电,可以大幅减少有毒物质的排放及空气污染,符合环保的发展要求,具有广阔的发展前景。文章总结了国内外邮轮岸电的发展现状,介绍了国内的政策环境,分析了天津发展邮轮岸电的困难,并提出了相应的对策与建议。     

船舶使用岸电技术节能减排效果的探讨

我国水运行业正在大力推进实施船舶使用岸电技术,船舶使用岸电技术可以使得港区环境得到明显改善,但增加了火电行业的能耗和排放。本文考虑船舶使用岸电后火电行业的能耗和排放增加的影响因素,分析船舶使用岸电技术的节能减排效果。     

国内外大型集装箱码头生产率比较

<正>随着经济全球化和区域经济一体化进程的加快,全球集装箱运输高速发展。在这一发展过程中,全球大部分集装箱码头面临通过能力不足的压力,由于适于建设港口码头的岸线和土地资源有限,而且规划建设新的港口码头需要时间,不断提高现有集装箱码头通过能力成为缓解通过能力不足压力的主要手段之一。集装箱码头经营商不同,经营理念不同,客户资源不同,码头位置和布局不同,码头组织管理和操作技术水平也不相同,导致码头生产率的差异。现在大型集装箱港口的码头往往由不同的经营商经营,因此基于港口整体情况计算所得的港口生产率一般不能代表所属大型码头的生产率水平。在与国际集装箱码头经     

基于RFID技术的港口集装箱车辆管理方案设计

以F港为研究对象,调查了该港口集装箱车辆管理的现状,分析了在车辆管理中出现的问题,提出在车辆及集装箱上应用RFID技术的集装箱车辆管理方案。方案的实施能对进入港口的车辆和集装箱信息进行采集、识别和跟踪,提高车辆通过的速度和码头作业效率。     

内地港口严重供过于求

中国近年大规模建设港口，而在金融海啸打击下，去年码头设备需求减少，业内已明显出现运力过剩的问题，有大批中小规模港口的码头设备被闲置。而在各类型港口中，以集装箱港口运力特别过剩。去年全国港口集装箱码头设计通过能力为1．28亿箱，已首次超过港口处理箱量。而以91个主要集装箱码头保守计算，处理能力为1．12亿箱，码头能力与处理量比率为1．11：1，且两者差距正在逐步拉大。     

独联体国家的四大沿海集装箱港口群

腹地横跨欧亚大陆的俄罗斯、乌兹别克斯坦、哈萨克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯坦、阿塞班疆、格鲁吉亚、乌克兰、亚美尼亚、摩尔多瓦、土库曼斯坦和白俄罗斯等12个独联体成员国,拥有可供国际和国内集装箱运输的四大主要海岸线港口群体,其建设发展的经验,值得我国借鉴。一、波罗的海地区港口圣彼得堡港是独联体在波罗的海的重要门户口岸,通过铁路和公路直接相连莫斯科、俄罗斯西部地区、中亚地区。该港第一集装箱码头于1998年竣工,拥有吊装跨度为38.5米、高度28米、负荷超过50吨的船岸吊车、跨运车、堆垛机等现代化集装箱码头设备。该集装箱…     

集装箱双重物流服务信息平台

传统的集装箱运输模式,在一定程度上,增加了集卡车辆的空驶率,不仅使运输企业经营困难,而且造成物流资源和能源的浪费。宁波港铃与物流有限公司于2008年9月创新推出集装箱公路运输新模式——集装箱双重、甩挂运输,并在杭州萧山设立内陆集装箱还箱场站,吸引船公司入驻,利用自行研发的集装箱双重物流服务信息平台与海关、货代、银行、港区码头、船公司、还箱点、仓储对接,实施甩挂、双重运输,有效地解决了车辆运输空箱问题,提高了运输实载率,实现了节能减排。     

对冲式消能器的消能效率及模态分析

文中利用ANSYS中的Fluent流体分析软件、静力学软件和模态分析软件进行了单向流固耦合仿真,分析了流体为压裂返排液时,该消能装置在一定高压范围和管径范围内的消能效率以及固有频率变化情况.流体分析表明,随着进口总压不断增高,对冲式消能器的消能效率基本稳定在70％;由于对冲产生涡流自耗,消能器进出口的速度未发生突增.模...     

Energy savings in transport

A decade of increasing Federal attention to urban transportation needs has culminated in the 1970 Urban Mass Transportation Assistance Act. This Act is intended to provide 10 thousand million dollars over the next 12 years in Federal assistance money to urban public transportation systems. This paper examines the needs of selected U.S. cities as a basis for (1) understanding the vast, various and complex transportation needs of urban areas throughout the country, and (2) assessing the sufficiency of these funds. The sample cities have been placed into three broad categories based on the state of development of their transportation systems. In Category I cities, the essential need is to ensure the survival of bus systems for the use of non‐drivers, or to provide some other viable alternative to the automobile; in Category II cities, the primary needs are to relieve auto congestion and to improve public transportation components, while in Category III cities, the primary need is massive investment to improve and to extend public transportation facilities. It is concluded that the presently intended Federal funding level for transportation will not meet the financial requirements of the Category III cities.     

纯电动汽车制动能量回收及储能策略研究

为解决纯电动汽车存在的制动能量耗损及续航里程不足等问题,通过对行车能量流分析的基础上,提出一种制动能量回收及储能策略,并利用ADVISOR软件建立整车制动能量回收策略仿真模型。选取UDDS城市道路工况进行仿真,结果表明所建立的控制策略可以对制动能量进行回收和储存,对于提高纯电动汽车续航里程提供了理论基础。     

基于再生制动能量吸收的地铁列车 节能运行研究

节能减排、低碳发展是城市轨道交通系统发展的重点,而优化列车运行过程是城轨系统节能降耗的重要途径之一,列车节能优化主要涉及两个维度,一方面可以优化单列车在站间的运行牵引策略,另一方面可以优化多列车运行的协同策略。从上述维度出发,本文建立了单列车运行优化模型和基于再生制动能量吸收的多列车运行优化模型,提出了协同优化的方法,设计了相应的算法求解。根据亦庄线运营实际数据,开展案例分析验证模型及节能效果。     

外国军队军事运输能源保障体系研究

本文从建立高度管理机构和军地能源联席机制,统筹制定军事运输能源发展战略和完善的法规制度,大力探索新型军事运输能源应用和多元化保障格局构建,持续加强军事运输能源研究,切实提高军事运输能源使用效益等方面介绍了外国军队军事运输能源保障的主要做法。     

Energy policies for passenger motor vehicles

This paper assesses the costs and effectiveness of several energy policies for light-duty motor vehicles in the United States, using a version of the National Energy Modeling System. The policies addressed are higher fuel taxes, tighter vehicle efficiency standards, and financial subsidies and penalties for the purchase of high- and low-efficiency vehicles (feebates). I find that tightening fuel-efficiency standards beyond those currently mandated through 2016, or imposing feebates designed to accomplish similar changes, can achieve by 2030 reductions in energy use by all light-duty passenger vehicles of 7.1–8.4%. A stronger feebate policy has somewhat greater effects, but at a significantly higher unit cost. High fuel taxes, on the order of $2.00 per gallon (2007$), have somewhat greater effects, arguably more favorable cost-effectiveness ratios, and produce their effects much more quickly because they affect the usage rate of both new and used vehicles. Policy costs vary greatly with assumptions about the reason for the apparent myopia commonly observed in consumer demand for fuel efficiency, and with the inclusion or exclusion of ancillary costs of congestion, local air pollution, and accidents.     

基于EXTJS的城市轨道交通能源管理系统

城市轨道交通能源管理系统通过分析城市轨道线路、车站耗能体系基础上,实现全线路完备的能耗和用电设备电能质量的监测、数据分析功能,对持续改善轨道车站能耗有着极为重要的意义.本文详细介绍了一种基于ExtJS的城市轨道交通能源管理系统的实现方式.首先介绍了系统开发过程中使用的开源前端技术ExtJS,然后罗列了能源管理系统所包含的功能,最后简单介绍了系统的应用.实验室运行测试结果表明,该系统具有良好的可操作性、易维护性和准确性.     

Energy conservation and intercity freight transport

In this paper, the characteristics of intercity freight modal operations are investigated to evaluate the potential for achieving energy savings. It is determined that the greatest opportunities for conserving energy appear to rest with achieving modal shifts and operational improvements in truck and rail transport. To test this hypothesis, intercity truck and rail freight operations are analyzed to determine the relationships between energy consumption and the delivery of transport service. The energy consumption impact of alternative conservation measures are calculated, and in turn, evaluated in light of a series of institutional constraints. As such, this study goes beyond the characteristic cataloging of alternative energy conservation measures by conducting a disaggregated assessment of the effectiveness and feasibility of implementing such measures. This paper concludes that the potential for achieving energy conservation in the movement of intercity freight in general, and by truck and rail systems in particular, is limited, as well as shrouded by the complexity of the nature of the commodity itself, the commodity flow characteristics, and the market and institutional structure.     

Energy conservation in urban public transport

Urban public transport energy use is determined largely by the weight of the vehicle, and frequency of intermediate stops, imposing repeated acceleration/steady running/braking cycles, in which much of the kinetic energy is dissipated. Energy consumed for the same capacity and vehicle performance may be reduced by coasting, cutting vehicle weight, and use of regenerative braking, on electrically‐powered systems, to convert the otherwise wasted braking energy into useful form. Particular attention is paid to the last‐named, identifying results of past experience and recent simulations. Practical constraints limiting the amount of energy actually recovered are discussed, including proportion of vehicle weight braked electrically, receptivity of the supply system, stop spacing and number of vehicles operated simultaneously. Reference is also made to battery vehicles and flywheel energy storage.

It is suggested that considerable scope exists in urban electric rail operation for reduced energy consumption, as existing fleets are replaced by lighter weight vehicles, fitted for regenerative braking. Further savings may come from use of inverter equipment. Rate of fleet renewal may be an important factor. Buses are already much more energy efficient, and dramatic gains are unlikely. However, there is some scope for use of flywheel energy storage, and regenerative braking on trolleybuses.