基于系统效率最优的CVT混合动力轿车转矩优化分配方法

无级变速器CVT消除了挡位概念,其速比在一定范围内连续可调。配备CVT的混合动力汽车能够实现动力源转矩和传动系统的优化匹配。针对此问题,提出了基于系统效率最优的CVT中度混合动力轿车动力源转矩优化分配方法:。该方法:综合考虑了各个关键部件的效率,以混合动力系统的总体效率为优化目标,以车速、车辆加速度、电池SOC为状态变量,优化分配了驱动工况下各动力源输出转矩,为整车能量管理策略的制定奠定了基础。     

Conceptual design of economic hybrid vehicle system using clutchless geared smart transmission

Most hybrid vehicles employ the continuously variable transmission (CVT or eCVT) currently as their choice of the transmissions. Recently, an automated geared transmission (AGT) or dual clutch transmission (DCT) is being tried for some hybrid vehicles for the better fuel economy than the CVT hybrid. However, this AGT or DCT is using automated clutches which require the hydraulic power in addition to the slippage in the clutch plate invoking some energy loss as well as wear. Also, they require a motor with significant power to match to the engine power. The clutchless geared smart transmission (CGST) has no clutch and the clutch function is performed by a planetary gear system controlled by a motor-generator. The hybrid vehicles proposed here using CGST may have some merits in durability, fuel efficiency, and cost since they do not have clutches. The motor used for the clutch function can be also working for power merge with the engine in propelling the vehicle. The proposed hybrid system can be either mild hybrid or full hybrid by adopting a different capacity of battery with much smaller motor-generator due to the planetary gear system compared to the other type hybrid vehicles. In this study, the prospects of newly proposed CGST hybrid system are examined in practical aspects compared with AGT hybrid or DCT hybrid systems.     

Range Extender Module Transmission Topology Study

Range extender modules are one option to compensate for short drive ranges of electric vehicles. The close interaction of combustion engine and generator poses new challenges in development. A key requirement for range extender systems is to be light and virtually imperceptible in operation. High-speed electrical machines aim at increasing power density. However, their introduction in a range extender requires a gearbox. The combustion engine torque fluctuations can lead to rattle in the gearbox. The rattle can be overcome by a dual mass flywheel. An interdisciplinary model is developed and used to analyse three different range extender systems: one with a low speed generator without gearbox, one with a high-speed generator, and one with a high-speed generator and a dual mass flywheel. The efficiency was found to be higher for the system with a low speed generator, whereas the power density and the costs are beneficial for the high-speed concept. A dual mass flywheel eliminates the changes of torque direction in the gearbox. It reduces the speed fluctuations of the gearbox and generator by over 90 % compared to the low speed setup. But it increases rolling moment and subsequently chassis excitation compared to a setup with only a gearbox.     

新能源汽车发展的技术经济分析

随着新能源汽车的不断发展,呈现出多种多样的技术途径。文章从技术经济的角度分析新能源汽车技术的发展趋势,同时对中国汽车产业发展提出了3点建议,对发展新能源汽车提出政策建议。表明,未来新能源汽车将沿着混合动力／插电式复合电动车、纯电动车的路径发展,指出国家应重点投资关键技术,进一步完善国内标准法规和环保补贴标准,规范原材料市场管理,提高中国的整体竞争力。     

混合动力汽车能量控制策略

针对串联、并联和混联3种类型的混合动力汽车驱动系统的不同结构特点,文章对3种类型混合动力汽车的能量控制策略分别进行了详细阐述,指出了未来混合动力汽车能量控制策略研究的发展方向。能量控制策略不仅要实现整车最佳的燃油经济性,而且还要兼顾发动机排放、蓄电池寿命及驾驶性能等多方面要求,并针对混合动力汽车各部件的特性和汽车的运行工况,使发动机、电动机、蓄电池和传动系统实现最佳匹配,兼顾上述各方面要求的优化控制策略的研究应是今后的研究重点。     

Tilt Control for Gyro-Stabilized Two-Wheeled Vehicles

Fully enclosed motorcycles could form the basis for extremely fuel and space efficient vehicles, but their inherent instability upon encountering even a momentary loss of traction renders them unsuitable for general use. It will be shown that a relatively simple tilt control system using a gyroscope to provide a tilt control moment is capable of stabilizing the vehicle at still stand or at speed on a very low traction surface. Furthermore, the system can achieve a coordinated turn on high traction surfaces. Since the gyro is an energy storage device, it can be used also in a hybrid system to provide extra power for acceleration and to recover some energy during braking. This relatively old idea should be reconsidered in light of the improved electromechanical devices, which have been developed recently for hybrid electric vehicles.     

新能源插电式混合动力汽车馈电时控制逻辑的分析与驾驶体验优化——不同混动架构与驾驶体验以及与能耗之间的关系分析

时代的发展使得环境污染问题愈发严重,机动车成为排放污染物的重要贡献者。因此,发展新能源汽车具有很强的战略性必要性。常见的混合动力汽车可粗略分为两大类:HEV 普通型混合动力汽车;PHEV 插电式混合动力汽车。前者的代表性车型为:丰田普锐斯、一汽丰田卡罗拉双擎。后者的代表车型为:比亚迪秦、荣威Ei6等国产车型。特殊车型为传祺GA5插电增程式电动车。本文重点介绍PHEV插电式混合动力汽车根据不同混动架构,在馈电时对驾驶质感以及能耗的影响做出分析、以及探讨可采取对应结构的改进方法及手段的可行性分析。PHEV插电式混合动力汽车馈电驾驶质感以及能耗的改变最终通过P0位置加装BSG电机或者P1位置加装ISG电机(适用于P3结构混合动力车型、代表车型比亚迪秦)、采用能量分流的混动架构(例如一汽丰田卡罗拉双擎)以及双电机增程式架构(例如传祺GS4 GA5新能源前轴发动机带动发电机发电输出动力的任务完全交给大功率的独立电机)等。通过该方式使得在馈电状态时,发动机与传动系脱藕,于最佳经济转速只用于发电。从而使能量得到最合理的利用、实现馈电油耗低、以及馈电行驶质感提升的目的。     

Tilt Control for Gyro-Stabilized Two-Wheeled Vehicles

Fully enclosed motorcycles could form the basis for extremely fuel and space efficient vehicles, but their inherent instability upon encountering even a momentary loss of traction renders them unsuitable for general use. It will be shown that a relatively simple tilt control system using a gyroscope to provide a tilt control moment is capable of stabilizing the vehicle at still stand or at speed on a very low traction surface. Furthermore, the system can achieve a coordinated turn on high traction surfaces. Since the gyro is an energy storage device, it can be used also in a hybrid system to provide extra power for acceleration and to recover some energy during braking. This relatively old idea should be reconsidered in light of the improved electromechanical devices, which have been developed recently for hybrid electric vehicles.     

现代汽车的自动变速器技术及应用

自动变速器是现代汽车上一个重要的动力传递总成,对提高汽车的动力性和驾驶舒适性具有重要作用。文章介绍了目前汽车上应用的电控机械式自动变速器（AMT）、液力机械自动变速器（AT）、无级自动变速器（CVT）及双离合自动变速器（DCT）,指出AMT适用于商用车和公交车,AT将大量应用于6挡以上的中高级车,CVT适用于排量在3L以下及混合动力车,DCT可广泛应用于各种车型.     

新能源电动汽车关键技术发展现状与趋势

随着技术的发展,新能源汽车越来越被大众认可,文章论述了新能源汽车的概念与发展现状,阐述了插电式混合动力汽车、燃料电池汽车存在的问题,并分别介绍新能源汽车的关键部件,驱动电机、电池、电池管理系统的发展概况,并且展望了未来的发展趋势,其生产工艺与效率必将大大提升。     

中国新能源汽车产业与技术发展现状及对策

为促进中国新能源汽车产业与技术的发展,首先从中国新能源汽车发展现状出发,对现阶段中国新能源汽车整体产业、关键零部件产业及基础配套设施等产业链重点环节发展现状进行系统的梳理,并对中国新能源汽车整车技术、动力电池技术、驱动电机技术、燃料电池技术等核心技术取得的进展进行总结。然后,通过对标国外纯电动汽车、插电式混合动力汽车、燃料电池汽车、动力电池及驱动系统的技术前沿,分析中国新能源汽车与国际先进水平之间存在的差距与不足。基于现状分析,从战略政策、核心技术、研发生产、产业体系、示范推广、产品销售6个方面对目前中国新能源汽车发展存在的问题进行深度剖析,并进一步从顶层设计、自主创新、基础支撑、产业生态、配套体系以及商业模式6个方面为中国新能源汽车未来的产业发展路径和技术突破方向提供对策建议。最后,对中国未来新能源汽车产业与技术的发展路径进行思考。研究结果表明：产业布局方面,应合理布局整车及零部件配套企业,推进企业集群化,产业集聚化;纯电动汽车应着重发展一体化电动底盘,加大新体系动力电池的研发力度;插电式混合动力汽车应重点发展高性能混合动力总成与专用发动机,以及动态协调控制技术;燃料电池汽车应以发展燃料电池电堆及关键材料为重点,同时兼顾燃料电池系统及核心部件的开发。     

我国新能源汽车产业的现状与发展趋势

在日趋严峻的能源和环境等外部压力和传统汽车转型升级的内在要求下,汽车工业面一临着严峻的挑战。新能源汽车将是未来汽车产业发展的必然趋势。文章介绍了新能源汽车的种类及特点,分析了我国目前新能源汽车的现状及存在的问题,通过对国内新能源汽车发展现状的分析,以及对新能源汽车发展趋势的认识,对新能源汽车有较全面的了解,并对其发展趋势提出看法。     

Experimental investigation on the efficiency of the pulley-drive CVT

Because of their outstanding advantages over other transmissions, rubber V-belt pulley drive CVTs have been extensively used in low-power vehicles, such as scooters and snowmobiles. A rubber V-belt CVT installed on a snowmobile is used here to research transmission efficiency. The power loss of CVTs, including torque loss and speed loss, is studied based on an analysis of the transmission mechanism of CVTs. Experiments on CVT efficiency are conducted on a specific CVT test bench, on which the values of torque, speed, and displacement, etc., are measured. Results show that the variation trend of the efficiency is close to the operating conditions of CVTs and optimal structural parameters are given that can serve as a beneficial references for designing and tuning CVTs.     

双碳目标背景下商用车能源与动力系统技术进展

为探明“双碳”目标背景下商用车能源与动力系统技术进展，通过查阅相关文献以及行业调研，系统梳理商用车能源与动力系统技术研究现状，详细总结传统商用车、纯电动商用车、混合动力商用车、氢燃料电池商用车的能源与动力系统技术的发展进程，归纳分析能源与动力系统技术的发展方向，以及商用车行业短期发展趋势。从用车能效、能源互动及全生命周期减碳的视角，为“双碳”目标背景下的商用车能源与动力系统技术发展路径提供建议。     

中国新能源汽车发展前景展望

从汽车发展遇到能源环境的挑战方面．探讨了混合动力汽车、燃料电池汽车、电动汽车等各种新能源汽车的发展状况及应用前景,并对中国新能源汽车发展前景做了综合比较分析与展望。     

燃料电池重型货车整车开发主要矛盾辨析与应对研究

在我国,中重型货车是温室气体及污染物排放的主要贡献者,加快以柴油为主的中重型货车向电动化转型十分迫切,纯电动与燃料电池是当下最受重视的两条技术路线。纯电动路线在十多年的中短途运输和公共领域中的发展被证明是成功的;燃料电池路线在能量补给、能量密度等方面的优势比纯电动路线更适宜于长途重型货车的应用,目前正处于迅猛发展阶段。然而,以柴油牵引汽车为例,车辆可通过采用大油箱轻松达到 3 000 km的续驶里程,而当前的燃料电池牵引汽车的续驶里程正努力向500 km迈进,远不能与柴油汽车相比较。鉴于此,基于客户需求视角考虑,当下燃料电池重型货 车整车开发的主要矛盾,是过低的车载储氢量带来的续驶里程过低问题,这主要是由氢过低的体积存储密度决定的。提高燃料电池堆和燃料电池系统的能量转化效率虽然有助于提升续驶里程,但其前提是关键材料的技术突破。在当前整车开发中,最大限度地提升车载储氢量,降低辅助系统能耗,提高机械传动与电力电子系统效率,降低车辆行驶消耗更具有现实意义和可操作性。重点介绍在提升车载储氢量和降低车辆空气阻力系数方面的措施,以及对提升续驶里程的影响。按照《节能与新能源汽车技术路线图2.0》的愿景,能够实现燃料电池重型货车到2030年达到800 km的续驶里程的目标。     

混合动力车型动力电池一种先进的热管理设计理念

随着国家排放节能减排要求愈发严格,汽车发展日趋电动化,越来越多的传统汽车厂家都选择在当前传统车平台上开发混合动力汽车作为纯电动汽车的过渡车型.混合动力汽车的电池为动力电池,由于电池容量小放电倍率高,如不进行主动冷却导致电池的温度急剧攀升.本文主要介绍一种比较先进的电池包双冷却液冷系统设计理念,通过对比当前市场常见风冷系...     

Advanced hybrid energy storage system for mild hybrid electric vehicles

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) utilize electric power and a mechanical engine for propulsion; therefore, the performance of HEVs is directly influenced by the characteristics of the energy storage system (ESS). The ESS for an HEV generally requires high power performance, long cycle life, reliability and cost effectiveness; thus, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that combines different types of storage devices has been considered to fulfill both performance and cost requirements. To improve the operating efficiency and cycle life of a HESS, an advanced dynamic control regime in which pertinent storage devices in the HESS can be selectively operated based on their status is presented. Verification tests were performed to confirm the degree of improvement in energy efficiency. In this paper, an advanced HESS with a battery management system (BMS) that includes an optimal switching control function based on the estimated state of charge (SOC) is presented and verified.     

串联式混合动力电动汽车复合电源系统设计

为了解决目前国内混合动力电动汽车普遍采用的是单一蓄电池供电能量存储系统,蓄电池的寿命不能最大化的利用这一问题,在混合动力结构中加入了超级电容器组,分析了超级电容的原理与特性后,在Matlab/Simulink里建立了蓄电池组与超级电容组成的复合电源系统模型,并确定了复合电源系统的拓扑结构以及各元件的选型以及参数匹配,加入复合电源控制策略,并对Advisor进行了二次开发,对比复合电源供电的车辆与单一蓄电池供电在性能与燃油经济性方面的差异。结果表明复合电源系统供电的混合动力车辆能够减小蓄电池组的大电流充放电,并且能够提高混合动力汽车的动力性和燃油经济性。     

中国市场增程式电动汽车研究

发展新能源汽车,是我国从汽车大国迈向汽车强国的必由之路,是应对气候变化、推动绿色发展的战略举措。增程式电动汽车作为串联混动的一种,发动机在该车辆上不直接驱动车辆,仅驱动发电机发电为车辆提供电能,相对于传统车及其他混动车型发动机,其工作点及车辆控制策略都更为简单,凭借这一特点,增程式电动汽车在新能源的舞台占据一席之地。文章列举了中国市场出现的几款典型的增程式电动汽车,并对其工作模式、性能参数及市场表现进行详细分析,从而对增程式电动汽车在中国市场未来的发展进行预测。