我国合同法对光船融资的影响之初探

从法律和实务的角度，论述了我国新的《合同法》生效后，对光船融资的影响。探讨了光船租赁的概念、融资的渠道和有关法律的规定。给出了融资和租赁过程当中应注意的问题。     

船舶融资租赁与船舶登记

近年来船舶融资租赁业务日益增多,从国际上来看,此项业务也具有广阔的发展前景。但目前政策性限制较多、法律规定还不健全,这其中也包括融资租赁船舶的登记。正确认识船舶融资租赁法律关系,规范海事     

船舶融资租赁登记制度探究

船舶融资租赁是一种自成绿色的交易，兼具买卖，融资及租赁的法律属性，以融资为其经济实质，以光船租赁为其形式，光船租赁登记制度不能满足船舶融资租赁登记之要求，建立融资租赁登记制度富具现实性并能以此完善船舶登记制度，在光船租赁登记制度的基础上，笔者尝试提出建立融资租赁登记制度的法律框架。     

船舶融资抵押标的物存在问题分析及相关建议

在船舶融资法律实践中,评估船舶融资抵押标的物价值存在对于标的物的范围立法不够完善,以及实践操作中欠缺相关法律指导和监督等问题。本文结合国内外法律制度,对船舶融资抵押标的物的范围进行研究后发现:需明确船舶属具和在建船舶范畴的判断标准;除保险赔偿金、损害赔偿,以及征用补偿金外,还有违约赔偿金、船东互保赔偿金可作为船舶的替代物;船舶的附属利益没有必要设定,理由在于国际公约所规定的内容在我国制度下可以归入代位物的范畴;对于征用补偿金的具体标准还需进一步予以明确,等等。     

日照港融资结构研究

融资结构是企业融资决策的核心问题,企业融资结构受多种因素影响。衡量企业资本结构的方法通常有比较资金成本法、权益资本利润率法和每股收益分析法。通过对我国港口融资现状和制约融资结构的影响因素分析,结合日照港的融资需要,制定了融资的具体方法。     

论国内的船舶融资环境

我国船队是世界上最大的船队之一．其中有为数不少的老龄船和设备陈旧的船亟待更新，为此需要大量资金。本从经济和法律角度，分析了目前我国船舶融资的现状，并提出了可行的船舶融资办法。     

中外港口融资方式对比研究

随着中国加入WTO,中国的港口企业面临更加激烈的竞争局面,一个亟需解决的问题就是融资问题.现阶段我国的港口企业基础差,发展慢,缺乏竞争意识,对融资问题的重要性认识不足.本文通过对中外港口融资现状和方式的对比研究,找出中国港口企业融资方面的不足并提出建议.     

对中小企业融资途径的探讨

目前国内中小型企业的金融支持显得十分不足。借鉴发达国家的经验,在新的形势下,我认为应从以下几个方面进行中小企业融资途径的创新:充分发挥各类金融机构对中小企业的信贷支持作用;建立健全中小企业的信用担保体系;建立全方位的资本市场;创造有利于中小型企业融资的政策法律环境及提高中小型企业自身素质。     

中小企业可行融资渠道探讨

妥善解决中小企业融资难的问题,能保证中国经济持续稳定发展,本文提出了中小企业融资的可行渠道及开辟渠道重点注意的问题,包括银行融资渠道、股权融资渠道、债券融资渠道、风险投资融资渠道、民间游资融资渠道、融资租赁渠道、典当融资渠道、政府基金融资渠道.     

项目融资风险控制与法律保障

我国目前正面临新一轮大型建设项目集中期，许多项目将耗资亿元以上的投资，要实现如此宏伟的目标，单靠某一主体投入是远远不够的，必须拓宽融资渠道。项目融资作为一种新型的融资方式，尤其适用于资金密集型的大型建设项目。了解认知项目融资机制，风险及法律保障体系，以企借它山之石。     

航标技术改造中的风险预测及管理

风险预测及管理是国示航8标界近年来颇为关注的话题。如何在航标管理中引入风险的概念，如何通过风险管理来达到航标建设投入与产出的合理平衡是我们中国航标界人员应仔细思考的问题。本文结合以往在航标技术改造中的一些经验，论述了航标技术改造的风险类型，以及相应的评估指标体系，初步总结了这方面的经验，供参考。     

Exploring the effects of passenger rail franchising in Britain: Evidence from the first two rounds of franchising (1997-2008)

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the previous literature concerning the impact of passenger rail franchising on productivity and costs in Britain, and also presents important new evidence. In particular, the extension in time of previously-used datasets offers the first opportunity to study the impacts of re-franchising. The previous literature emphasised the failure of franchising to produce sustained productivity gains, with a sharp deterioration in productivity after 2000. The new evidence presented offers a somewhat more positive view of the British experience. It suggests that part of what was previously considered to be falling productivity may in fact be due to exogenous changes in diesel prices. Further, new data suggests that the recent increases in costs have resulted in higher quality of service. Finally, competitive re-franchising, and the associated unwinding of short-term management and re-negotiated contracts, seems to have led to improvements in productivity between 2006 and 2008. Nevertheless, it remains the case that passenger rail franchising in Britain has failed to reduce costs in the way experienced in many other industries and in rail in other European countries. The evidence is that somewhat larger franchises, avoiding overlapping and optimising train density and length, should reduce costs. We also speculate that the major increase in wages and conditions of staff might be moderated by longer franchises, although that remains to be proved. This re-appraisal of the British case is important in the context of the wider international interest in the use of franchising in passenger rail, and its relevance to the current review of ways of introducing competition into the domestic rail passenger market in Europe.     

Attitudes toward Participation in Cooperative Coastal Management: Four European Case Studies

Findings are reported of the VALCOAST project that had as one of its research objectives to ascertain: (a) stakeholder willingness to participate and cooperate in coastal management (CM), given local and national CM practices; and (b) stakeholder assessment of the "accessibility" and "friendliness" of current CM processes. The project involved case studies and stakeholder interviews in Belgium, Greece, Spain, and the UK. Major findings include: (1) most stakeholders are willing to cooperate in three out of the four case areas, but not to the same extent; (2) the participating "officials" in the case studies are expecting the stakeholders to be less willing to cooperate than the latter indicate; (3) stakeholders in all case studies do not expect to be heard by those responsible for CM, find it difficult to learn about the relevant institutional arrangements, and consider the communication of the objectives and anticipated impacts of CM policies to be inadequate. It is concluded that the strong evidence of stakeholders' potential willingness to cooperate in local initiatives is very encouraging for a devolved, regional approach to European Union coastal management policies, provided that this potential is capitalized upon in such policy processes.     

Risk analysis of jackup rigs

Increasing attention has been focussed in the North Sea and elsewhere on the quantification of the risks of working in a hazardous enviroment: the offshore world. The perception of risk with respect to mobile rigs has often been vague and uninformed. This paper attempts to put the risks with respect to jackup rigs into perspective by quantifying them and comparing them to other risks.

This paper contains a few risk comparisons with fixed platforms, semi-submersibles, and drillships. Historical casualties are used in an example to show how a change intended to make an operation safer, may result in the opposite effect.

Examining risks from losses due to environmental overload, the conclusion is reached that jackups are very safe structures: there appears to be no jackup, in the timeframe examined, that has been lost because of a deficiency in the calculation methods currently in use by knowledgeable experts.     

Decentralized Coastal Zone Management in Malaysia and Indonesia: A Comparative Perspective 1

Transferring decision-making process from central to local government and enhancing the role of local communities in managing coastal zones is an increasing commitment by governments in Southeast Asia. This article analyzes decentralized coastal zone management in two neighboring countries, Malaysia and Indonesia. The Federal system in Malaysia is argued to be able to influence more decentralized coastal zone management and to promote community-based management approaches. Meanwhile, the large diversity of coastal resources and communities combined with a still as yet tested decentralization policy in Indonesia is argued to bring more challenges in implementing the decentralization and community-based approaches in coastal zones. The lessons learned in this study provide insight in how far decentralized coastal zone management has taken place in Malaysia and Indonesia. The significant differences in the pattern of coastal zone management in these two countries are discussed in detail. This study recognizes that co-management and community-based approaches can be appropriate in dealing with coastal zone management. This comparative perspective is important to the development of a bigger picture of sustainable coastal zone management processes and cross-regional knowledge-sharing in Southeast Asia.     

基于小波分析的Spar平台阻尼系数研究

连续小波分析方法作为典型的时频方法虽已广泛应用于工程界,但在海洋工程领域并未得到大力推广。文章应用连续小波分析方法对海洋工程领域中与Truss Spar平台涡激运动相关的阻尼系数进行求解。通过构建测试信号对这一方法进行数值检验,验证了小波分析方法的可靠性和准确性。利用试验数据,成功将小波分析方法应用于求解Truss Spar平台阻尼系数问题中。结果表明小波分析方法具有较好的可靠性,能够准确求解平台的阻尼系数。     

长江干流交通管理系统的研究

长江是我国东西交通的大动脉,随着经济建设的发展,水上运输日趋繁忙,为了保证水上交通安全,提高船舶运输效率,防止环境污染,在长江水域建立船舶交通管理系统是当务之急。本文首先分析了长江干流水域特点,根据最优化原则提出长江干流建立船舶交通管理系统的方案,特别是应用模糊综合数学模型和德尔菲(Delphin)专家咨询方法对10个重点航段交通管理系统的需要程度作了排序,使交通管理系统规划设计的科学性、定量化提高到新的高度。     

高分辨率罗兰C天波延迟估计新技术

提出了一种基于特征分解的多信号分类算法估计罗兰C接收机天波延迟的信号处理新技术。它为接收机基准点的实时设置提供了一种新方法。常规接收机为了防止天波干扰，将基准点设置在一个固定位置上，导致基准点处信噪比受包络限制而较低，从而大大增加了对准基准点的时间。利用这项技术，我们在低信噪比条件下分离出了地波和天波的到达时刻。这就使得接收机能根据天波延迟变化实时选择基准点最佳位置，并能利用地波到达时刻进行周期选择。由于此法有助于增加基准点处的信噪比，减少对准基准点的时间，因而能极大地提高现有罗兰C接收机的性能。还显示了新方法较IFFF方法有更高的分辨率。     

Overseas trade vis-a-vis overseas shipping: Growth and performance in India (1999–2009)

Maritime trade has been and even continues to account for about a lion's share of India's total cargo volumes. Despite the growth of multimodal transport (by land, water and air), shipping still continues to be the major mode of transport in the bulk carriage of country's overseas trade. In view of this vital role of shipping, in the first four decades of independence, under the initiative of planned development and active government support, India's shipping and port sector saw dramatic growth in their performance to build adequate national fleet, in keeping up with the transport of overseas cargo. However, the onset of economic liberalization in 1991 has given rise to many new dimensions in the development of the shipping and port sector of the country with a significant redefinition of shipping and port services, in response to the new global trend patterns. For instance, it has also established the new era of containerization in the mode of cargo delivery from the dominance of the era of bulk and break-bulk trade during the decade of sixties and seventies. Moreover, as global competition increases, in response to this emerging trade patterns within this country, India's volume of traffic growth also increases manifold. So, India's shipping and port sectors need, significantly, to build up and furnish their capacity by increasing the frequency of this mode of transport i.e. the growth of the national overseas fleet to meet this surging demand. This paper, therefore, have focused on this role of shipping in such rising overseas trade, with a view to examine the shipping performance (the growth of overseas fleet) in response to the growing overseas trade at all ports of India during the period (1999–2000 to 2008–2009), in terms of both a mathematical model and a graphical representation. Finally, it concludes that the absolute overseas trade, being highly import dependent, have led to a more or less stagnant performance in overseas shipping, owing to the lack of the adequate growth of absolute overseas exports during this period.     

Part I: Externalities and economic policies in road transport

Road transport imposes negative externalities on society. These externalities include environmental and road damage, accidents, congestion, and oil dependence. The cost of these externalities to society is in general not reflected in the current market prices in the road transport sector.An efficient mobility model for the future must take into account the true costs of transport and its regulatory framework will need to create incentives for people to make sustainable transport choices. This paper discusses the use of economic instruments to correct road transport externalities, but gives relatively more weight to the problem of carbon emissions from road transport, as this is particularly challenging, given its global and long-term nature.Economics offers two types of instruments for addressing the problem of transport externalities: command-and-control and incentive-based policies.Command-and-control policies are government regulations which force consumers and producers to change their behaviour. They are the most widely used policy instruments. Examples include vehicle emission and fuel standards in the US as well as driving or parking restrictions in Singapore. The implementation cost of these instruments to the government is small. Although from an economic perspective these policies often fail to achieve an efficient market outcome, the presence of political constraints often make them the preferred option, in terms of feasibility and effectiveness.Economic theory shows how policies, which affect consumption and production incentives, can be used to achieve the optimal outcome in the presence of externalities. Incentive-based policies function within a new or an altered market. We first examine incentive-based policies, which cap the aggregate amount of the externality, such as carbon emissions, by allocating permits or rights to the emitters. The emitters are then free to trade their permits amongst them. The permit allocation mechanism is important-although market efficiency would be satisfied by an auction, political influences usually favour a proportional allocation based on historic emissions. We discuss EU ETS as an example of a cap-and-trade system, however, no such policy for CO₂ emissions in road transport has been implemented anywhere in the world to date.Fiscal instruments are, like command-and-control, widely used in road transport, because they are relatively cheap and simple to implement. They include the use of taxes and charges in order to bridge the gap between private and the social costs and, in principle, can lead to an efficient market solution. Registration, ownership, fuel, emissions, usage taxes, and parking and congestion charges have been implemented in many countries around the world. On the other side of the spectrum, subsidies can be given to those scrapping old cars and buying fuel-efficient vehicles. Some cities, such as London, have implemented congestion charges and many states in the United States have introduced high occupancy lanes. Other interesting possibilities include pay-as-you-drive insurance and other usage charges. However, the size and scope of taxes and subsidies are determined by governments, and because of their imperfect knowledge of the market the outcome is still likely to be inefficient.Governments have many effective economic instruments to create a sustainable road transport model. These instruments can be used separately or together, but their implementation will be necessary in the nearest future.