并联缓速器齿轮增速比对制动扭矩影响的实验研究

基于现有并联液力缓速器,分别设计2.0、2.03、2.138三种不同齿轮增速比的缓速器驱动齿轮和被动齿轮,并装配样箱进行缓速器外特性实验,研究齿轮增速比对缓速器制动扭矩性能的影响。根据现有缓速器实验数据,通过理论计算,设计满足整车匹配缓速器所需的缓速器齿轮增速比及对应缓速器制动扭矩曲线。实验表明,可通过增大缓速器齿轮增速比来解决缓速器低转速区间段制动扭矩较小问题,进而满足市场上大马力小后桥车型匹配缓速器的需求,并可通过限制扭矩控制方法实现高转速区域缓速器制动扭矩的平稳输出。     

电涡流缓速器的使用与维护

缓速器是车辆的辅助制动装置。目前，我国高档大、中型客车已较普遍采用缓速器。缓速器有3类:电涡流缓速器、液力缓速器和磁力缓速器。磁力缓速器在日本应用比较广泛，其优点是维护成本较低，缺点是制动转矩较小。液力缓速器曾在厦门金龙XMQ6128、XMQ6ll8G和XMQ6llZG等型车上使     

安装电涡流缓速器的驱动桥设计要素

本文介绍了电涡流缓速器的工作原理,分析了电涡流缓速器对驱动桥的利弊,说明了电涡流缓速器在驱动桥上的安装方法,总结了安装电涡流缓速器对驱动桥的总体要求。     

车用自励式缓速器的工作原理及其使用

本文介绍了一种新型的电涡流缓速器-自励式缓速器，这种缓速器克服了已往缓速器的缺点，同时兼容了它们的优点。本文详细介绍了自励式缓速器的结构和工作原理，介绍了其安装和使用方法。最后分析了自励式缓速器的优越性。     

一种带蓄能器的液力缓速器研究

分析了带蓄能器装置的液力缓速器的工作原理,通过采集整车试验数据,验证了带蓄能器装置的液力缓速器响应时间更快,明显提升了缓速器的使用性能。同时也分析了影响液力缓速器制动响应时间的因素,为液力缓速器的设计开发提供相应的理论借鉴。     

安凯客车电涡流缓速器的2例故障分析与排除

介绍电涡流缓速器工作原理;通过电涡流缓速器2例故障的检修,阐述缓速器故障的判断方法与检修的步骤。     

中大客车电涡流缓速器的使用与维修（二）

3 电涡流缓速器的维护 3.1清洗 电涡流缓速器转子表面及风道是电涡流缓速器散热的主要部分,保持电涡流缓速器转子表面的清洁对保证电涡流缓速器的正常使用非常重要。特别对在灰尘较多和泥泞道路条件下使用时,要定期对电涡流缓速器表面进行清洗。     

车用电涡流缓速器试验台的研制

本文在分析车用电涡流缓速器性能要求的基础上,研究车用电涡流缓速器试验方法,进而研制车用电涡流缓速器性能试验台,介绍了车用电涡流缓速器试验台的结构、测试项目和特点。     

华越缓速器备受瞩目

华越携包括第3代缓速器控制器、FV系列缓速器V系列电涡流缓速器等多款产品亮相本届展会。其中,代表了当今电涡流缓速器控制技术全球最高水平的华越第3代电涡流缓速器控制器备受瞩目。     

自励式缓速器的设计与试验研究

基于转筒式电涡流缓速器与永磁发电机功能相结合的思想,提出了一种自励式电涡流缓速器的方案,并设计和制造了制动转矩为500N·m的自励式缓速器样机.最后在台架上进行了自励式缓速器的制动转矩、转筒温度和1 500r/min拖磨试验,揭示了自励式缓速器的某些特性.     

考虑溶洞空间形态的路基岩溶顶板稳定性分析方法

岩溶路基随岩溶地区交通工程建设的快速发展而越来越普遍，如何评价岩溶路基稳定性成为岩溶区路基设计与施工的关键问题之一。针对目前路基岩溶顶板稳定性分析的不完善性，考虑溶洞形成过程中岩溶顶板所具有的空间形态特征，首先，将路基下伏岩溶顶板简化为固支梁、抛物线拱、圆拱与固支双向板等承载模型，以此进行路基岩溶顶板稳定性分析，并采用结构力学分析理论分别建立不同模型的路基岩溶顶板抗弯最小安全厚度计算方法；其次，通过典型案例的影响因素敏感性分析，揭示岩溶顶板最小安全厚度随溶洞顶板矢高、跨度、岩石抗拉强度与上覆荷载的变化规律，探讨路基岩溶顶板破坏模式的控制性因素及其影响规律，确定岩溶路基稳定性分析的基本原则；然后，基于岩溶地区地质勘察信息提出路基岩溶顶板稳定性分析过程，建立考虑溶洞空间形态特征的路基岩溶顶板稳定性分析方法；最后，通过工程实例计算分析验证所提方法确定的路基岩溶顶板稳定性评价结果的合理性与有效性。研究结果表明：岩溶顶板按何种模式破坏不仅与破坏形式有关，还与溶洞形态及其矢高密切相关，石灰岩抗拉强度同样影响较大，工程设计与稳定性评价时应基于勘测数据分析各种破坏模式，以便使设计或评价结果更接近实际情况。     

Effect of the front and rear weight distribution ratio of a Formula car during maximum-speed cornering on a circuit

Because Formula cars are lighter than ordinary cars, the optimal settings for this type of car are thought to be different from those of a ordinary car. The front and rear weight distribution ratio of a vehicle is an important parameter that exerts a significant influence on critical cornering. The tendency of a ordinary car to under-steer during critical cornering is determined by the front and rear weight distribution ratio of the vehicle. Specifically, when the front of an ordinary FR (front-engine, rear wheel drive) vehicle is slightly heavier than the rear, the car tends to understeer during critical cornering. However, the optimal weight distribution ratio for critical cornering is not obvious for a formula car because of its lightness. This observation was investigated using a driving course similar to a real driving course to perform a maximum speed cornering simulations. It was found that a front to rear weight distribution ratio of 40:60 resulted in the fastest lap time. This ratio also gave the best results in the maximum-speed driving experiment performed using a driving simulator. Moreover, the maximum lateral acceleration during turning, the driving force, and the load movement of the inside and outside wheels was calculated using experimental driving force data and the concept of a tire friction circle. As a result, driving mechanics have been determined for a vehicle having a front/rear weight distribution ratio of 40:60 while traveling at maximum speed.     

Dynamic performances of an innovative coupler used in heavy haul trains

An innovative structure for a heavy haul coupler with an arc surface contact and restoring bumpstop is proposed. This coupler has a small lateral force at a small yaw angle and a limitable yaw angle to ensure an allowable coupler lateral force under intense compressive force. The main structural characteristic of the combined contact coupler is a lateral movable follower with an appropriate friction coefficient of 0.06–0.08 and a slide block with a single freedom of longitudinal movement. In order to verify and simulate the performances, a multi-body dynamics model with four heavy haul locomotives and three detailed couplers was established to simulate the process of emergency braking. In addition, the coupler yaw instability and wheel set lateral forces were tested in order to investigate the effect of relevant parameters on the coupler performances. The combined contact coupler is suitable for heavy haul train for a good dynamic performance.     

Theory and experimental research on six-track steering vehicles

The structural characteristics and steering behaviour of a six-track vehicle are described in this paper. Kinematic analysis for skid steering of a six-track vehicle under steady-state conditions on firm ground is conducted, with the relationship between thrust force and speed instantaneous centre of the track–terrain interface taken into consideration. A mechanical model for steady steering of a six-track vehicle is also presented based on the kinematic analysis. In this model, the steering inaccuracy and efficiency are defined to evaluate steering performance. The steering performance of a six-track vehicle is numerically simulated to analyse the effect of the structural parameters and deflection angles on tracks. A virtual prototype model is established based on the multi-body dynamics software RecurDyn for steering simulation and the findings coincide well with theoretical results. The theory and the virtual prototype simulations presented are verified by a power test of a bucket-wheel excavator. The method for analysing the steering performance of a six-track vehicle proposed in this paper provides a basis for designing a six-track vehicle.     

基于频率法的索力测量系统

为了在工程现场快速方便地检测斜拉桥的拉索索力,依据随机振动法索力检测原理,开发了一种新型的索力测量系统。通过对随机振动法索力检测方法的概述,介绍了该系统的性能、硬件结构和软件模块,并重点阐述了通过数字滤波抑制快速傅里叶分析(FFT)的混频现象、自动扫描确定主振频率和提高索力计算精度的方法和措施。索力测量系统以AT89C55WD单片机(SCM)为平台,集成了电荷放大器、信号分析仪和计算器的相关功能。在工程现场,只需输入少量参数,拉索振动信号采集、信号的快速傅里叶分析和对应的索力计算即可在线自动完成。     

A vehicle type-based approach to model car following behaviors in simulation programs (case study: Car-motorcycle following behavior)

Traffic simulation models often neglect the important role of motorcycles and assume a flow of various combinations of cars. This paper addresses how much different would be the behavior of a car driver while following a motorcyclist compared to cases in which a car follows another car, along with a segment of an urban highway in the non-congested flow. Recognition of such a difference might help to develop existing simulation models and to improve the behavior of car drivers in such a way to lead to lower accidents with motorcycles. To reach the goal, a GHR (Gazis-Herman-Rothery) model for car following is applied and data have been collected by video cameras during 15?min time intervals in three different days. Analysis of 198 car-motorcycle and 374 car-car following observations has indicated that when a car driver follows a motorcycle, keeps a higher headway (about 10?m in the low speed) with a lower acceleration/deceleration in comparison with the situation in which car driver follow another one. It means that the behavior of the follower car driver would be more cautious compared to situations in which a car driver follows another one, especially in space headways <10?m. In addition to main findings of the paper for developing a more realistic simulation program, the paper also addresses that in cases when the required safe space between a car and a motorcycle would be endangered, a warning message could be generated for the car driver (by implementing an in-veh ITS technology) to warn driver about keeping a safe distance.     

大型营运客车在高速公路的换道安全性辨识

为了给大型营运客车换道预警系统设计提供参考,采用毫米波雷达、激光雷达、车道线识别传感器、GPS、视频监控系统以及控制器局域网（CAN）总线数据采集仪等设备,基于小型乘用车搭建浮动车采集平台。通过在试验线路上进行1.5×10⁴ km的驾驶试验,获取1 200余次营运客车的真实换道数据。以Jula提出的换道安全性模型为基础,结合营运客车的换道行为特征,通过分析换道进程结束后客车需要与周围车辆保持的安全距离,建立适合于营运客车的3类换道安全性识别模型（客车与自车道前方车辆、目标车道前方车辆、目标车道后方车辆）,并利用真实数据对3类模型进行验证。研究结果表明：客车换道持续时间均值为10.4 s,换道起始时刻与目标车道后方车辆的距离为10.0~40.0 m;所有换道样本中,73.3%的换道过程中客车速度要高于目标车道后方车辆,且超过90%的换道过程是由前方慢车引起;不同的速度区间下,车速和航向角联合变化情况下,驾驶人控制营运客车的横向偏移速度保持稳定,可认为客车驾驶人的心理预期换道进程存在固定经验模式,这与小型车换道的研究结论存在较大差异,传统的TTC预警算法识别率较低,在不同速度区间情况下,所提出的模型对客车与自车道前方车辆、目标车道前方车辆、目标车道后方车辆的换道安全识别评价准确率均超过了90%。     

西部红层软岩地区高速公路路堤与桥梁方案评价研究

从长期效益考虑,针对红层软岩的工程性质,利用广泛的调查研究资料,分析了高速公路高填方路段的技术经济影响因素,构建了路堤与桥梁方案评价的指标体系,并利用灰色关联度作为测度进行综合评价,得到了路堤与桥梁相比的合理填方高度,为西部红层软岩地区高速公路的设计和施工提供有益参考。     

面向交通枢纽的车辆三维真实感实时仿真

为分析和解决城市交通拥挤问题并提高城市道路利用率提供可行的途径,提出了一种面向交通枢纽的车辆运行仿真方法,通过场景、道路与车辆的三维动态建模,实现交通枢纽交通状况的实时真实感仿真.首先,提出了基于道路关键点连接网络模型表示交通枢纽的通行道路.其次,基于粒子系统实现车辆的动态运行实时仿真,并采用基于空间剖分的车辆碰撞检测方法对车辆运动控制算法进行了优化.最终,通过对路段的动态观测和反馈机制实现车辆行驶路线的规划和调度.实验结果表明,本文提出的方法可以生动直观地呈现实际路面的交通状况,并且能以较为流畅的帧速率实现交通场景的动态仿真.     

A study on a dynamic model of a vehicle simulator with 6 DOF for the Korean tilting train

This article presents a dynamic model of a railway vehicle for the development of a 6-DOF (degrees of freedom) tilting-train simulator. It will be used to verify the tilting-electronics and tilting-control algorithm that are to be applied to the Korean tilting train. It is composed of 6 electrically driven actuators, a track generation system, a graphic user interface, and a visualization system with a 1600-mm-diameter dome screen. Each system shares the data by means of Ethernet network in real time. In this study, a train model of 9-DOF with a force generation system to tilt the train body has been used. Dynamic analysis for the straight track running and curve negotiation of a railway vehicle can be performed in the model. A verification study for the application of the model to the simulator has been conducted on curving tracks with different radii.