桩式地锚在缆索吊装系统中的应用

桩式地锚由于具有结构轻巧、施工方便、节省成本等优点,在缆索吊装施工中得到了广泛的应用。文章从桩式地锚的设计理论出发,结合工程实践,介绍了桩式地锚的设计要点与施工工艺。     

单线循环吊椅式客运索道设计系统

单线循环吊椅式客运索道设计系统以悬索抛物线理论为基础,在已建立该客运索道设计数学模型的基础上,利用Visual Basic6．0开发而成。实现给定参数的输入,通过微机计算,输出该客运索道所需的数据。改变过去人工烦琐计算,提高工作效率。     

液体管道破损处泄漏特性实验环道设计

文中借鉴顺序输送环道设计的有关经验,利用相似原理,设计了一个采用多种环道结构和元件的实验平台。该设计根据实际事故情况设置泄漏孔形状等边界条件,可最大限度模拟实际泄漏事故过程,研究各运行工况下管道破损处的出流特性和扩散规律,为泄漏量预测、泄漏后停泵方案优化等提供依据。     

悬索跨越管道地震响应分析

悬索跨越管道在地震作用下易受破坏,其地震响应分析、抗震设计方法的研究己成为管道跨越工程设计中的重要课题。文中建立了ANSYS分析模型,运用大质量地震输入方式,以典型的地震波作用于悬索跨越管道,进行非线性动力时程分析,得到悬索跨越管道地震响应结果,分析了悬索跨越管道地震响应的规律和特点。结果表明：悬索跨越管道在地震作用下,弯管处受力最大,管跨中点位移最大,地震波轴向和竖向分量对结构响应更强烈。     

基于总压头相等的管道设计

输油管道有静压头相等设计和总压头相等设计两种设计理念。通过图形对比,直观展现了总压头相等设计相对于静压头相等设计的优势,通过假定地形参数和设计参数,运用管道设计计算公式和计算流程,计算静压头相等和总压头相等这两种管道设计理念的管线投资和抗风险能力,结果表明总压头相等设计理念在钢材使用与固定资产投资上具有优势,表明了这种设计的管道运行安全系数高、运行操作简单、可操作范围大、抗风险能力强等优点。     

索网式平面作业缆索起重机的研究

为了既要充分发挥缆索起重机对自然地形的适应性强,爬坡能力大,线路、支架占地面积小,可以跨越山川、克服地障,到达一般机械设备不能到达的地段作业,而且造价最为低廉等突出优点,又要克服这种起重运输机械过去只能按其承载索的方向进行沿线(窄带)作业,给归、装工作带来诸多不便的缺点,我们在总结前人研究成果的基础上,结合林业部“七．五”联合攻关项目的研究,研制成功的一套索网式缆索起重机,一次试车成功问世,使一个只有十多个工作人员的贮木场,年创利税130余万元人民币。经部级鉴定,确认这套索网式缆索起重机所用的索网式平面作业索道,在架空索道工程技术上获得了突破性进展,“总体设计水平达到了国内外同类研究的先进水平”,并已获得国家发明型专利,具重大推广价值。特别是在现代水电工程中,有可能比现代摆动式缆索起重机的设施投资和使用成本减少20～30％,运行更为安全可靠。     

马滩红水河特大桥缆索吊装系统塔架位移和稳定性分析

大型缆索吊装系统塔架通常都在超过百米的高空进行作业,塔架结构体系的几何非线性效应非常显著。文章通过对塔架体系进行偏位和稳定性的分析,验证了每束缆风索钢绞线根数的变化对塔架结构偏位和稳定性的影响,并提出了缆风索最佳配钢绞线方案,为塔架系统的缆风索设计提供理论支撑。     

软土地铁车站结构的振动台模型试验

对地下铁道开展建立抗震设计方法的研究正逐渐得到人们的关注.通过对地铁车站结构进行振动台模型试验,深入了解软土地铁结构动力反应的规律,以便为检验理论计算结果的正确性提供验证,并为改进计算模型和分析方法,进而制定软土地铁抗震设计指南等提供依据.利用振动台对地铁车站结构进行模型试验在国内尚属首次,试验工作的开展遇到许多困难,如模型箱的形式、模型土的配制方法及其动力特性、相似关系比的确定、传感器类型的选择与布置等.针对这些困难逐一开展了研究,并都提出了解决方法,试验结果表明文章中提出的试验方法行之有效.     

八尺江大桥缆索吊装系统安全与稳定性分析

文章以八尺江大桥主桥施工时采用的缆索吊装系统为研究对象,采用通用有限元软件ANSYS建立空间模型,对该系统在自重和吊装重量及风荷载作用下的安全性和稳定性进行分析,得出该缆索吊装系统满足设计吊重的要求,同时详细阐述了该类结构验算的控制因素及各工况的考虑方式,可为同类结构验算提供参考。     

老口航运枢纽工程船闸下闸首结构三维有限元分析

老口航运枢纽工程船闸下闸首结构采用整体坞式结构,基础置于第三系泥岩上,它属于软泥岩,具有地基承载力不足、地基应力及变形超标等特点。文章介绍老口航运枢纽工程船闸下闸首结构采用三维有限元分析计算方法,计算成果表明：船闸下闸首结构的设计与优化提供了可靠的依据。     

高速公路改扩建工程水土保持监测与评价

开展水土流失监测是水土保持监管的重要手段。文章以广西沿海高速公路改扩建工程一期工程水土保持监测实践为例,分析了工程建设水土流失特点,介绍了水土保持监测技术和方法,并通过对工程实例监测结果的分析评价,提出了水土保持监测工作中易出现的问题及相应的解决方案。     

Logsums for utility-maximizers and regret-minimizers,and their relation with desirability and satisfaction

This paper studies to what extent the Logsum-measure of user benefits relates to travelers’ perceptions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. Knowing these relations is important since researchers have recently started to analyze and interpret user benefits in general – and Logsums in specific – in terms of these more behaviorally oriented notions, rather than in terms of expected utility. Participants to a stated route choice experiment were asked to indicate, after each choice made, to what extent they considered the choice set to be desirable, or to what extent they were satisfied with the chosen alternative. These measurements were correlated with Logsums that were computed for each choice situation. In addition, the paper derives a regret-based Logsum (which gives the expected regret of a choice situation) and presents a comparison with its utilitarian counterpart. Also for this regret-based Logsum, correlations with desirability- and satisfaction-ratings are computed. As a general finding, it appears that all computed correlations are rather weak. This suggests that, at least in the context of our data, the utility-based Logsum and its regret-based counterpart appear to have only a fairly weak connection with the behavioral notions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction.     

公路与水路运输节能减排量化分析和比较

通过研究汽车与船舶的油耗特点,结合燃油种类与CO_2排放量的关系,建立了计算公路运输与水路运输单位耗油量与单位CO_2排放量的数学模型。通过敏感性分析,研究车速或航速与载货率对车辆或船舶单位CO_2排放量的影响。以从厦门港到盐田港的干散货运输为例,做了节能减排计算分析,并将结果与用其他方法获得的结果对比。在此基础上,对公路运输与水路运输节能减排做了敏感性分析研究,可以计算出能够体现水路运输节能减排优势的临界货运量。结果表明本文中介绍的方法能够为核算、比较公路运输与水路运输的节能减排效果提供更科学的量化参考。     

Resilience and accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities

Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands.     

隧道及地下工程结构防排水技术的发展和应用

文章总结了大瑶山隧道修建以来其复合式衬砌结构防排水试验研究和应用情况,介绍了塑料防水隔离层的防水机理及各种防水型式的优缺点,提出了改进建议.     

互联互通,走向繁荣

设施联通是"一带一路"国际合作高峰论坛六个平行主题会议之一,以"互联互通、走向繁荣"为主题,各国共商共议交通、能源、通信等设施联通务实合作。随着未来全球范围内基础设施的升级换代和互联互通,交通、能源与通信技术融合发展,催生新的业态,是拉动经济增长的新动能。在新一代基础设施网络体系的建设中,后发国家面临跨越发展的难得机遇,中国基础设施发展的经验具有重要借鉴意义。     

Subjective well-being and travel: retrospect and prospect

Although the improvement of well-being is often an implicitly-assumed goal of many, if not most, public policies, the study of subjective well-being (SWB) and travel has so far been confined to a relatively small segment of the travel behavior community. Accordingly, one main purpose of this paper is to introduce a larger share of the community to some fundamental SWB-related concepts and their application in transportation research, with the goal of attracting others to this rewarding area of study. At the same time, however, I also hope to offer some useful reflections to those already working in this field. After discussing some basic issues of terminology and measurement of SWB, I present from the literature four conceptual models relating travel and subjective well-being. Following one of those models, I review five ways in which travel can influence well-being. I conclude by examining some challenges associated with assessing the impacts of travel on well-being, as well as challenges associated with applying what we learn to policy.

     

材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划技术成果简介

当前,加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会已提升为国家战略。交通运输部为加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型交通,组织开展了“材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划”。通过专项行动大力推广路面再生技术、废胎胶粉筑路应用技术、机制砂混凝土技术以及聚合物改性水泥混凝土技术等西部交通建设科技项目成果,以为交通建设资源的高效利用和循环使用提供示范。本刊现以专栏形式介绍上述成果的相关内容,以飨读者。