富水岩溶隧道围岩注浆模拟试验研究

文章以渝怀铁路圆梁山隧道为工程背景,对富水岩溶地区复杂工程和水文地质条件以及洞穴围岩特性进行了围岩注浆室内模拟试验.试验中采用不同的注浆材料分析其在岩溶洞穴充填物--粘土粉砂地层中的注浆过程、浆体分布形态及注浆后效果评价,提出了此类岩溶洞穴条件下隧道围岩注浆设计和施工中的一些建议.     

铜锣山隧道岩溶浅埋段地表注浆试验研究

针对目前隧道地表注浆工程中出现的一些问题,以铜锣山隧道岩溶浅埋段K33 940～K34 035地表注浆为例,利用正交试验方法对3种注浆材料及36种浆液配比进行室内浆液试验研究,找到了适合于铜锣山隧道岩溶浅埋段地表注浆的注浆材料和合理的浆液配比。通过该试验得出:铜锣山隧道岩溶地区及裂隙较发育的地段,地表注浆压力应控制在1.0～1.5 MPa,注浆扩散半径约为1.0～1.5 m。同时也提出了压水试验、声波测试及取芯试验等多种注浆质量检测手段,进一步完善了隧道地表注浆的技术方法。     

多种施工技术在广州地铁二号线纪越区间隧道的综合应用

城市地铁区间隧道的施工,依据不同的地质状况、环境要求、施工机具等条件,可以选择明挖、矿山、盾构、顶管、沉管、凿岩等不同的施工方法.在广州地铁二号线纪越区间隧道的矿山法施工中,综合应用了水平冻结、注浆止水帷幕、洞内超前深孔注浆、CRD法、密排小导管桩、控制爆破、监测信息反馈、地面跟踪注浆的施工技术,取得了满意的效果,确保了工程的安全顺利施工.     

桥梁隧道中注浆拱棚超前支护技术研究

在桥梁隧道工程中,地下隧道施工受到地质灾害风险、岩体破碎带和地下水影响,容易导致隧道施工出现塌方、水浸、地层沉陷等严重安全问题。因此,为解决松散和软弱地层引起的稳定、安全问题,探讨注浆拱棚超前支护技术,阐述注浆拱棚超前支护设备配置,对桥梁隧道注浆拱棚超前支护技术进行分析,提出桥梁隧道中注浆拱棚超前支护施工控制要点。研究表明,通过注浆、钢筋加固和拱棚结构的应用,提前预防和控制地质灾害风险,桥梁隧道施工中的地质问题得以有效应对,使工程安全性得到提高。     

超前预支护技术在浏阳河隧道施工中的应用

文章以长沙市湘江大道浏阳河隧道暗挖段施工为例,介绍了该工程所采用的长短管棚和小导管相结合的超前支护、玻璃纤维锚杆超前加固、地面垂直注浆和全断面超前帷幕预注浆等复杂地质条件下暗挖段超前综合加固支护施工技术。工程实践证明,此项技术有效地保障了暗挖段的施工质量和安全。     

双液回退劈裂注浆在胡麻岭隧道富水粉细砂地层中的应用

胡麻岭隧道富水粉细砂地层开挖后自稳能力极差,掌子面不稳定,易坍塌,经常出现底板冒水、涌砂、涌水、沉降、初期支护变形等现象.采用常规注浆,注浆量大、工效低,效果不明显；采用化学注浆,造价又过高.大量工程实践表明,采用双液回退劈裂注浆方案,有效地改善了地层的稳定性,控制了围岩变形,且降低了施工成本.     

地铁盾构隧道运营期间注浆理论和应用

介绍了地铁盾构隧道注浆基本理论,以及有关规范要求;根据黏性土和砂性土不同的注浆机理,提出采取不同的注浆工艺及措施;对注浆效果无损检测的方法进行了分析。结合工程实例,介绍了对发生沉降的某地铁区间盾构隧道在运营期间实施注浆的过程和效果。     

盾构下穿明渠及排水倒虹吸结构注浆控制分析

针对济南地铁3号线向阳站—临港站区间下穿明渠及排水倒虹吸结构工程,论述该工程中盾构施工过程中同步注浆、二次注浆、深孔注浆的控制技术。监测数据显示,地表及河堤最大沉降量为9mm,倒虹吸结构沉降量为9.5mm,均小于控制值,可有效规避施工风险,为后续类似工程提供参考。     

小曼萨河连拱隧道病害综合治理

小曼萨河连拱隧道施工过程中产生中墙偏位、出口洞门开裂、衬砌开裂等病害,分析病害产生原因,并通过布设抗滑桩、地表花管注浆、中墙和边墙的基础注浆、SNS柔性防护系统等一系列措施进行了病害综合治理.文章介绍了工程概况、病害治理措施和治理效果.     

水平袖阀管深孔注浆在广州地铁的应用

在城市地铁施工中,由于隧道埋深相对较浅,且经常要穿越工程地质复杂、水文地质极差、围岩级别较低的地段,若采用矿山法施工,通常要采用大管棚、超前小导管、水平冻结……等辅助措施.文章结合广州地铁二号线纪-越区间隧道实际施工情况,介绍了另外一种辅助工法--水平袖阀管深孔注浆,并将它与同时采用的超前小导管注浆进行多方面比较,得出了水平袖阀管深孔注浆优于超前小导管注浆并具有广泛适用性的结论.     

Bicycles in large cities in China

Bicycles are a main means of transport in China. This paper discusses several aspects of the current situation and future policy, including the production of bicycles, their possession and utilization in typical large cities, the reasons for their importance in communication, the advantages and problems of bicycle traffic, and two different opinions on solving the existing problems. The paper also deals with road design for bicycles and their regulation in China's cities.     

Travel choices in alcohol-related situations in Virginia

Transportation - Using survey data from 3004 respondents aged 21 and older in Northern Virginia, Richmond, and the Tidewater area, this paper identifies factors associated with respondents’...     

Parking policies in large cities in Germany

This article deals with highly motorized large West German cities of about 200,000 inhabitants and more, which usually provide reasonable public transport systems. Illegal parking with shares of about 40 to 50% of the total parking is widespread in the parking problem areas of those cities, especially in the inner-city residential and mixed-use areas. Parking spaces are demanded by residents, employees, customers and visitors, and by delivery and service traffic. The different characteristics of parking demands by different user groups are discussed. The total parking supply consists of public and private spaces. The share of private spaces is about 40 to 50% of the total parking spaces in German cities. The amount of car traffic generated by a parking space depends on parking duration and parking turnover, as well as on search traffic. So the change of a space from long-duration use of an employee to short-duration of customers — as often discussed in parking concepts — generates at least five-fold car traffic. The measurements and effects of parking control of public spaces as well as the parking regulations in zoning ordinances, restrictions on the construction of new private parking spaces and park-and-ride are discussed. Finally, a parking concept methodology — using the example of Frankfurt am Main — is discussed.     

Role of transport in rural development in Africa

Rural Africa is starved of transport services. The transport routes run towards the export enclaves and the coast.

The political, social and developmental rural transport benefits are discussed. Rural transport will help (i) integrate the country and ease its governance; (ii) widen markets; (iii) induce increased agricultural output, through new technologies, reduced transport costs, etc. The transport cost savings should be passed on to rural firms and producers. The paper warns against their accruing only to middlemen — agricultural parastatals inclusive, thereby stifling the benefits to production. This could happen under some forms of pan‐territorial pricing. Negative aspects of road development, e.g. the substitution of local goods by imports, increased migration and noise, are noted.

The place and role of project appraisal in rural road planning is acknowledged. The broad‐based development packages approach associated with Integrated Rural Development Projects has, despite its attractions, some pitfalls. It favours well established villages and ignores distribution benefits within villages.

Project appraisal can be used to justify socially uneconomic transport developments. However, rural road investment projects with immediate negative returns are unlikely to be funded. Given clear priorities, short of elaborate cost/benefit analysis, obvious road investments choices can be made by the local community. Greater public accountability of transport planners and peoples’ participation in determining rural transport needs and priorities is emphasized. Increased rural road maintenance especially through self‐help schemes and increased use of traditional modes of transport, e.g. walking, animal and water transport, is recommended.     

Changes in transport risk perception in urban populations in Norway from 2004 to 2013

Urban populations transport risk perception is interesting because it is associated with travel mode choices and use. This study investigates changes in transport-related risk constructs in the urban population in Norway in 2004 and 2013, and describes whether people perceive private or public to be associated with the highest risk. The results are based on self-completion questionnaire surveys conducted in two independent representative samples living in the same urban areas in 2004 (n?=?592) and 2013 (n?=?1035). Overall, the respondents perceived the risk as lower in 2013 than in 2004. For both time periods, people consistently assessed the risk constructs related to private motorized transportation as higher than corresponding risk in public transportation. The findings suggest that while transportation risk perception in urban populations may change over time, the pattern that private motorized transportation is associated with a higher perceived risk than public transportation remains stable.     

Logistics opportunities in Asia and development in Taiwan

The economy in Asia is growing rapidly. As a consequence, transportation and communication technologies and the changing needs of customers and shippers have resulted in Asian and Taiwan's logistics being in transition. This paper discusses why logistics changes, and explores the opportunities for Asian logistics development. The issues of logistics perspectives of private sectors in Taiwan are then raised. Finally, logistics development in Taiwan is described.     

Passenger rail in North America in the light of developments in Western Europe and Japan

Because of different geo‐demographic and economic conditions, the impact of the new passenger modes (road and air) on rail travel was much larger in North America than in Europe. In 1960s and 1970s, as the railway share of intercity traffic in North America shrunk to a negligible one or two percent, the passenger trains were abandoned by private railway companies and taken over by state organizations, which have continued to operate traditional trains and generate mounting losses. On the technology side, no attempts have been made to improve competitiveness of trains vis‐a‐vis automobiles and airplanes.

In Europe and Japan, the railways responded to the challenge by (i) upgrading the performance (speed) and comfort of traditional trains operating on existing tracks and (ii) developing trains which could, on short and intermediate range distances, compete successfully, in terms of speed and economy, with the road and air modes. The Japanese (Shinkansen trains) and French (TGV trains) experience clearly shows that trains operating on dedicated lines at average speeds of 150 to 200 km/hr provide a superior transportation service and economy on high‐traffic intercity routes of up to about 500 km length. In this paper the factors responsible for the present status of passenger rail in North America are analysed, the current policies in the U.S. and Canada are evaluated in the light of experience to date and developments abroad, and suggestions for a long‐term passenger rail policy are made. This includes examination of (i) the viability of continued subsidization of traditional train services, (ii) the viability of operation of faster trains on existing tracks, (iii) the scope for introduction of modern, fast trains on dedicated lines in high‐density, intercity corridors, (iv) the application of fast trains as access to major airports and integration of airports with fast intercity lines, and (v) the impact of energy (oil) consumption in transportation.

     

Mapping minibuses in Maputo and Nairobi: engaging paratransit in transportation planning in African cities

ABSTRACT

Often called paratransit because of their flexible stops, schedules and routes, minibuses make up the bulk of public transport in African cities. Despite their ubiquity and importance, these systems are poorly understood by transportation planners who tend to focus on large-scale urban infrastructure projects such as highways, commuter rail or bus rapid transit systems. The assumption within much of this planning is that these minibus systems are barriers to change and will become at most secondary “feeder” buses within large-scale projects, but structured plans detailing this vision are lacking. This paper argues that frequent failure to collect data and value important paratransit systems as a critical part of transportation in their own right is deeply problematic from the point of view of equity, access and inclusive and effective planning. We ask whether the growing number of bottom up mapping projects of minibus systems can disrupt this status quo. By comparing two mapping projects, Digital Matatus in Nairobi and the Mapa Dos Chapas in Maputo, we find that inclusive, collaborative mapping can help render these minibuses more visible in planning and provoke more grounded and inclusive “planning conversations” on multi-modal integration, passenger information and minibus upgrading, all key but relatively marginalised aspects of creating accessible, low emission, high quality and safe public transport in African cities.     

Gender inequality in mobility and mode choice in Pakistan

Using the nationally representative dataset of the 2007 Pakistan Time-Use Survey, this paper examines gender differences in daily trip rate, mode choice, travel duration, and purpose of travel, which are previously unreported because of limited data availability. Wide gender mobility gaps are observed in the country, where women are less likely to travel, are half as mobile as men and may rely heavily on walking. The particular social and cultural context of the country, that renders women as private, secluded and family honor, seems influential in shaping their mobility and choice of activities. Demographic factors such as age, household income, and marital status significantly decrease female mobility levels. Hence, these findings call for a gender-based culturally responsive transportation policy in the country.     

美国煤浆体管道检测方法的新进展

从煤浆密度和浓度、流变参数和粒子带电量测量3个方面简要地总结了美国煤浆检测技术的新方法、新仪器的发展状况,分析了其发展特点。这将有助于促进国内煤炭浆体管道输送的发展。