船舶黑碳排放测算方法

回顾黑碳的定义、黑碳的影响和船舶黑碳排放的研究进展，列举国际海事组织（IMO）自2008年以来关于黑碳内容的相关会议和关于北极船舶黑碳排放主题的提案。描述船舶黑碳排放的测量方法，提出船舶黑碳排放量的计算方法，为后续建立区域船舶黑碳排放测算方法提供依据。     

春季东海温带气旋对船舶航行的影响分析

根据在我国东部沿海活动的温带气旋特点，对东海气旋的天气和气候特征进行简要论述，并结合船舶在航行过程中遭遇温带气旋的实况，对气旋造成的大风、恶劣海况等天气特征进行了分析，总结了船舶在东部沿海遭遇温带气旋的预报着眼点。     

基于贝叶斯网络的浙江沿海船舶通航风险分析

针对浙江沿海水域通航环境复杂、商船和渔船航行矛盾突出等问题,面向该水域提出基于事故特征的船舶通航风险贝叶斯网络模型。运用风险要素相关性分析方法和贝叶斯概率模型,建立浙江沿海船舶通航风险评价模型;结合事故数据和专家的主观评价,实现对浙江沿海水域船舶通航风险的定量化计算。通过误差分析和灵敏性分析验证模型的可用性和可靠性,进一步通过模型中节点变量状态对通航风险的影响分析提取通航风险关键因素。在分区域通航风险研究的基础上,利用贝叶斯方法对某大型水域通航风险进行定量化计算,为进一步研究浙江沿海水域通航风险细粒度特征和安全保障措施提供参考。     

基于AIS数据的船舶碳排放量分析研究

为实时监控船舶碳排放量,提出了碳排放量评估模型。该模型通过分析碳排放量和燃油消耗量的计算方法,建立了碳排放量、燃油消耗量和船舶AIS信息三者之间的联系,为船舶碳排放量的分析提供了有效途径。     

上海港控制船舶碳排放立法研究

通过比较分析国际控制船舶碳排放公约及立法的要求与中国控制船舶碳排放现状,结合国家与地方政府关于船舶检查和碳排放等方面的具体要求,对上海港船舶碳排放控制的立法提出建议,从立法角度控制船舶碳排放,建设绿色航运,实现碳达峰碳中和的目标。     

海上安全因素的变化及对策

最近，对一家海上运输企业进行了调研，对企业近30年来发生的各类事故进行统计和分析。有几个现象值得我们关注。从事故发生的地点来看，在中国沿海发生约占事故总数的48％。由此，我们认为中国沿海是事故相对多发地。究其原因，既有中国船舶进出家门口的机会较多，也有中国沿海通航密度大，各类船舶在海上操作或作业缺少协调性，     

海上安全因素的变化及对策

最近，对一家海上运输企业进行了调研，对企业近30年来发生的各类事故进行统计和分析。有几个现象值得我们关注。从事故发生的地点来看，在中国沿海发生约占事故总数的48％。由此，我们认为中国沿海是事故相对多发地。究其原因，既有中国船舶进出家门口的机会较多，也有中国沿海通航密度大，各类船舶在海上操作或作业缺少协调性，     

影响中国沿海雾中航行的环境因素及对策

该文对影响中国沿海雾中航行的环境因素进行了分析研究，提出了改善中国沿海航行环境的基本对策以及中国沿海雾中航行注意事项。对于保证船舶雾中航行安全，防止事故发生，具有重要意义。     

内河船舶碳排放优化方案

在环保意识逐渐增强的今天,国家大力实施节能减排措施,以适应不断增强的环保要求。随着经济的增长,船舶越来越多,船舶的碳排放问题也逐渐引起重视。本文就船舶碳排放的计算,及船舶减少碳排放的措施进行探讨。     

我国沿海船舶事故特征及影响因素分析

为深入探究我国沿海船舶的事故特征,以2000—2019年我国沿海海域船舶事故数据为基础,运用数据分析和挖掘技术,从事故船舶、事故严重程度和事故时空分布等方面对我国沿海船舶事故特征进行研究。运用离散选择模型对船舶事故影响因素进行识别研究,通过构建有序Logit模型对影响我国沿海船舶事故的严重程度有关因素进行识别,并在此基础上构建多项Logit模型分析并研究各个因素对不同船舶事故后果严重程度的具体影响。研究表明:影响船舶事故严重程度的核心要素共6类属性17种因素,事故类型是对事故后果影响程度最高的一类因素。     

Air pollution impact of maritime shipping operations in the port of Houston

Abstract

Major air pollutants from maritime shipping operations are sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter emissions from combustion of fuel oil during cruise, berth, and start‐up modes. Sulfur oxides emissions are substantial from steamships burning high‐sulfur residual fuel oil, where shipping contributes 66 percent of the total sulfur dioxide emissions from transportation sources, and almost 3 percent of the total for Harris county, Texas. Nitrogen oxides emissions are significant during cruise conditions for both steamships and motor ships, while particulate emissions are substantial during start‐up and tube cleaning.

Significant marine air pollutant emission sources are found in busy harbor areas such as the Houston Ship Channel. Offshore terminals for unloading large tankers may result in emissions of 10 to 20 tons of sulfur oxides daily per ship, and 3 to 5 tons of nitrogen oxides daily per ship during pumping operations. Trace‐metal constituents present in the oil may catalyze sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide oxidation to their respective sulfate and nitrate aerosols in the humid Texas Gulf Coast atmospheres to aggravate photochemical air pollution problems once the air masses reach industrial and populated urban areas on land. Onshore sulfur dioxide and particulate‐matter emission controls may be necessary for some large ships in port to minimize potential impact on coastal zone air quality.     

长江上游船舶大型化对典型污染排放的影响

长江上游船舶大型化趋势明显,评估其对典型污染排放的影响对航道建设规划具有重要意义.收集计算长江上游船舶吨位、船舶交通流、船舶燃油消耗及典型污染物排放等数据,分析了长江上游船舶大型化对典型污染物排放的综合影响.结果表明:1)2008—2019年长江上游三省一市船舶平均吨位从249 t增加到874 t,船舶流量显著减小,货...     

船舶造成空气污染成因分析及对策研究

近年空气质量不断恶化,控制气体污染成为社会关注焦点。船舶排放已成为了第三大空气污染源,仅次于工业气体排放和机动车尾气。据测算,1艘中型集装箱船使用普通燃料（含硫量为3.5%）航行1天,其排放量等于50万辆货车。国际海事组织加强对船舶造成大气污染的控制,2005年5月19日起实施《防止船舶造成空气污染规则》。2016年1月,我国在珠三角、长三角、环渤海水域设立3个船舶排放控制区。本文主要分析船舶造成大气污染的原因,探寻较少排放污染的方法。     

我国东部沿海平均潮差分布特征及变化规律

我国沿海地区面积广阔,受多种因素的影响,平均潮差的分布及变化特征相当复杂。由此,利用我国东部沿海地区21个验潮站连续1 a的逐时实测潮位资料,统计其年平均潮差及月平均潮差,并由此分析了年平均潮差在我国东部沿海的分布特征及月平均潮差变化规律。结果显示我国东部沿海平均潮差的分布及变化除受天文因素的影响,径流以及海湾形态亦是重要的影响因素。沿海地区,在天文因子作用下,月平均潮差呈现明显的规律性变化,但在河口内及受非周期性因素影响严重海域,月平均潮差变化规律则比较复杂。     

Law enforcement in the ocean

The combating of the present great variety of criminal activities occurring at sea mainly involves measures to be taken on land, in particular in ports.However, also actual enforcement at sea will continue to play an essential (complementary) role. This article surveys the rules of international law governing law enforcement measures at sea. These rules are complex, because distinctions have to be made between the various jurisdictional zones at sea and between the positions of the flag state, the coastal state and the port state. Traditionally, ships in the high seas (all sea areas beyond a narrow band of territorial sea) were under the exclusive jurisdiction of the flag state. In an increasing number of situations, the coastal state now has law enforcement authority over foreign ships in expanded areas up to 200 nautical miles offshore. But apart from these situations, flag state jurisdiction still prevails beyond the territorial sea. This makes effective law enforcement difficult. In practice, many obstacles can be overcome by making more effective use of the authority of the port state, and by concluding new international agreements providing for specific enforcement systems.     

中海长兴岛修船基地浮船坞布置及系泊方式

为支持上海市举办2010年世博会,在长兴岛修建基地码头。以充分利用国家宝贵岸线资源,提高岸线利用率为原则,从多个角度对三艘浮船坞的平面布置形式和泊碇方式进行深入探讨,充分利用控制区特殊的建设要求作为坞前操作水域,体现出物尽其用,恰如其分的设计理念。     

Characteristics and potential impacts of under-ice river plumes in the seasonally ice-covered Bothnian Bay (Baltic Sea)

The northernmost basin of the Baltic Sea, the Bothnian Bay, is ice-covered for about half the year. During this time, distinct under-ice river plumes develop, even seaward of the smallest rivers, that are substantially thicker and larger in extent than during the summer months. Wind mixing is negligible, and during late spring in April or May, the highest annual discharge occur while the sea is ice covered, thus providing conditions for the formation of extensive under-ice plumes. These plumes are characterised by high levels of trace elements (e.g., Al, Fe and Zn), organic matter (TOC and dissolved organic carbon [DOC]), nutrients and also optically active substances (colored dissolved organic matter, CDOM). The under-ice plumes provide an important pathway for undiluted transport of land-derived substances to the pelagic waters of the basin, affecting the salinity, chemistry and optical properties of coastal waters. Freshwater ice growth on the underside of an existing sea ice sheet also restricts the buildup of sea ice and under-ice algal communities, potentially in large areas along the coasts. Plume water influences the optical characteristics of coastal waters for a period of time after ice break-up, potentially affecting primary production in these areas. Furthermore, the formation of under-ice plumes potentially has a positive feedback on the ice season length due to freshening of the coastal waters (earlier freeze-up) and restricted oceanic heat flux (slower melting).     

有限航区敞口集装箱船的载重线核定与总体设计

从敞口集装箱船的险情-安全措施分析出发,介绍了核定此类船舶载重线的要素,以及根据有限航区的特点,在国际海事组织《敞口集装箱暂行指南》对无限航区敞口集装箱船载重线核定要求的基础上,导出对有限航区敞口集装箱船的相应要求,提出了关于有限航区敞口集装箱船设计应考虑的若干问题。     

LNG Ready方案下的VLOC LNG舱段结构直接计算方法

为满足船舶低硫排放要求，液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG)Ready方案应运而生。结合超大型矿砂船(Very Large Ore Carrier, VLOC)LNG舱段的布置和结构特点，提出一种LNG舱段结构直接计算方法，并对该方法的若干要点进行研究，包括模型范围和要求、计算载荷和工况的选择等。以某VLOC为例，运用该方法进行LNG舱段结构的有限元直接计算，计算结果指出LNG舱段需要进行结构加强的关键区域。