Characteristic analysis of vehicle rollover accidents: Rollover scenarios and prediction/warning

Rollover accidents are relatively more serious than other types of accidents, so it is important that the safety device functions appropriately. For the safety device to work correctly, a rollover criteria system which can predict a rollover is needed. To Figure out the characteristics of rollover, NASS-CDS was used to statistically analyze the seriousness of accident and passenger injuries in various rollover situations. Typical scenarios for each rollover type were established by referring to the test criteria of NHTSA. Rollovers can be largely categorized into tripped or un-tripped rollover depending on the situation, but there is no method for estimating the velocity of the car in each situation. This paper suggests methods for estimating the car velocity through finding the relationship between car velocity and quarter turns by performing repetitive simulation in established typical scenarios. Additionally, simple physical models for rollover were developed and each model was analyzed to find the rollover criteria for each type. The rollover criteria were verified by simulating various rollover situations. The rollover criteria suggested would be helpful in predicting a rollover and appropriately activating the safety device.     

智能汽车自动驾驶的控制方法分析

自动驾驶汽车通过使用电脑系统来实现无人驾驶的目的 ,自动驾驶模式的应用能够有效地解决各种类型的交通事故,降低人力成本,对促进社会发展具有重要的实用意义.但自动驾驶控制技术仍然存在诸多问题,例如传感器的可靠性不强、控制系统存在漏洞等都影响着自动驾驶技术的安全性.基于以上背景,首先阐述了智能汽车自动控制系统的原理以及设计架...     

汽车爆胎的原因及应对措施问题研究

近年来,我国汽车产销量直线上升,已超越美国成为世界第一大汽车消费市场,但随着汽车保有量的增长,汽车爆胎事故也在不断上升,已严重威胁人民群众的财产和生命安全,据公安部统计,高速公路70％的亡人交通事故是由于爆胎引起的,汽车时速在120公里发生爆胎,死亡率为100％.因此,如何预防和减少汽车爆胎,已经成为汽车安全的焦点话题,那么汽车爆胎的原因是什么呢？遇到爆胎怎么办呢？如何有效地预防汽车爆胎呢？     

Reconstruction analysis for car–pedestrian accidents using a computer simulation model

Since the 1980s, Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI) has been developing computer simulation models in order to analyze car–pedestrian accidents and has been validating the models with full-scale car–pedestrian tests with Postmortem Human Subjects (PMHSs). This report presents reconstructions of real-world car–pedestrian accidents using the latest JARI pedestrian model and demonstrates the possibility of in-depth case studies on car–pedestrian accidents.     

Intelligent collision warning using license plate segmentation

Given the increase of vehicles in traffic, traffic accidents have become a crucial and urgent issue for some countries. Particularly, in heavy traffic conditions, rear-end collisions make up the majority of traffic accidents, which make the traffic jam worse. This article proposes a novel approach to rear-end collision warning systems using areas of license plates acquired with a single camera mounted on a car. The edges of the front car's license plate are segmented and a rectangle is sketched to calculate the area, which is used for estimating distance between the cars. Relative speed of the front car is computed using the differences of the rectangles in a specific time. Distance and relative speed are obtained from the estimated areas of the license plates and transferred to the fuzzy inference system to send a warning signal to the driver for collision prevention, in emergency cases. The experiments are greatly encouraging, indicating that number plate segmentation can be utilized to estimate the distance and fuzzy inference system can be developed to create a warning signal to the drivers.     

汽车驾驶安全隐患预防与对策探索

最近几年随着国内经济的不断发展人民的收入也在不断的提升,因此拥有汽车的家庭数量也在激增.虽然购买私家汽车能给家人出行带来很大的便利但是也同样带来了很大的交通压力.交通堵塞的情况在国内各个大小城市都非常常见,除此之外最让人担忧的还是交通事故频发的问题.交通事故的发生不但会给道路交通的正常运行带来麻烦,还会给驾驶人员带来生...     

刍议汽车安全驾驶及应急处置技术

本文主要对汽车安全驾驶以及应急处理技术进行研究,分析影响汽车安全驾驶主要安全事故,从而提出相应的改善措施,意在确保驾驶安全,避免发生安全事故,希望对相关工作人员具有一定的参考价值。     

Probabilistic assessment of roadway departure risk in a curve

Roadway departure while cornering constitutes a major part of car accidents and casualties in France. Even though drastic policy about overspeeding contributes to reduce accidents, there obviously exist other factors. This article presents the construction of a probabilistic strategy for the roadway departure risk assessment. A specific vehicle dynamic model is developed in which some parameters are modelled by random variables. These parameters are deduced from a sensitivity analysis to ensure an efficient representation of the inherent uncertainties of the system. Then, structural reliability methods are employed to assess the roadway departure risk in function of the initial conditions measured at the entrance of the curve. This study is conducted within the French national road safety project SARI that aims to implement a warning systems alerting the driver in case of dangerous situation.     

汽车驾驶员主动安全性因素的辨识与分析

机动车驾驶为运输业中特殊工作,所以对该行业从业人员要求较高。安全驾驶旨为预防交通事故,确保行车安全。汽车驾驶安全性,不仅与汽车自身安全性能相关,而且与驾驶者行车中安全操控密不可分,通过一系列的措施增强驾驶者主动安全意识,可降低行车风险。基于此,有必要掌握汽车驾驶员素质对行车安全影响,了解事故发生的客观规律,提出针对性的预防措施,将各类不安全隐患遏制于萌芽时期,为行车安全做以保障。     

CNG汽车发动机电控系统开发及匹配研究

开发了一种燃气汽车发动机控制系统,利用该系统将某电控汽油喷射式轿车改装成CNG/汽油两用燃料轿车,并进行了控制方案研究和优化匹配试验。该车燃用CNG时的排放指标达到欧Ⅱ法规的要求,整车动力性满足企业标准,在燃用汽油时仍保持了原车技术水平。     

车辆动力传动一体化控制对换挡过程影响的试验研究

介绍了在小客车上进行的动力传动一体化控制技术应用研究。动力传动一体化控制系统由电控汽油机、4速电液式自动变速器组成，利用I^2C总线实现两个电子控制单元的信息共享与动力传动系统的协调控制。重点研究了在1-2升挡过程中采用不同一体化控制策略对换挡冲击的影响。试验表明，对于由电控汽油机和电液式自动变速器组成的小客车动力传动系统，通过推迟点火的方式减小升挡惯性相的发动机输出转矩可以达到减小换挡冲击的目的，同时，采用发动机转矩控制 主油压控制的控制策略，可以大幅度地减小换挡冲击。     

波罗轿车的被动安全性设计综述

被动安全性是轿车开发中的一项重要内容，对于小型轿车由于其车身尺寸较小，显得更加重要。波罗轿车的被动安全性设计是建立在大众公司多年公司多年来对全世界各种碰撞安全法规和交通事故的研究基础之上，涵盖了正面、偏置、侧面、后部、翻滚以及车对车碰撞等各个方面，为小型轿车的被动安全性树立了典范。     

车内空气质量开发与管控方式的研究

文章首先简要的介绍了车内空气质量的管控方式以及现状,同时也通过我国国内某公司车的车内空气质量管控体系来进行相关的介绍,并且利用云处理分析具有较低VOC的材料,而且通过大数据总结了车内禁用材料清单。同时还通过与汽车零部件供应相关的VOC数据库来进行高危风险零部件的筛选。希望而已为我国汽车零部件供应商的提供一定的参考。     

应用模糊控制器控制轿车空调制冷及风道系统

本文应用状态反馈模糊控制方法对轿车空调系统中的电子膨胀阀和温度混合风门进行控制来调节轿车车室内温度，在车速变化和热负荷变化的扰动下实现了车室内平均温度的自动控制，为最后轿车空调自动控制系统的产品化提供了良好的基础。     

解决N车型外后视镜调节失效问题

车辆后视系统由车外反射镜和广角透镜组成,在车辆安全系统中起着重要的作用。现有的汽车后视镜系统还存在许多问题亟待解决,如汽车转向过程中的盲区等。本文提出了一种新型的智能车辆后视系统的设计方案,该系统能够在不同的行驶条件下自动调节车辆外部镜头的角度。影响因素包括车辆转向角、行驶速度和车辆尺寸参数。本设计以AT90C516RD+单片机为核心控制单元。该系统增加了一个新的自动模式与现有的手动功能保留。通过理论仿真和模型试验,证明该设计完全可行,并已被具有工业潜力的客户调查所接受。     

A vehicle type-based approach to model car following behaviors in simulation programs (case study: Car-motorcycle following behavior)

Traffic simulation models often neglect the important role of motorcycles and assume a flow of various combinations of cars. This paper addresses how much different would be the behavior of a car driver while following a motorcyclist compared to cases in which a car follows another car, along with a segment of an urban highway in the non-congested flow. Recognition of such a difference might help to develop existing simulation models and to improve the behavior of car drivers in such a way to lead to lower accidents with motorcycles. To reach the goal, a GHR (Gazis-Herman-Rothery) model for car following is applied and data have been collected by video cameras during 15?min time intervals in three different days. Analysis of 198 car-motorcycle and 374 car-car following observations has indicated that when a car driver follows a motorcycle, keeps a higher headway (about 10?m in the low speed) with a lower acceleration/deceleration in comparison with the situation in which car driver follow another one. It means that the behavior of the follower car driver would be more cautious compared to situations in which a car driver follows another one, especially in space headways <10?m. In addition to main findings of the paper for developing a more realistic simulation program, the paper also addresses that in cases when the required safe space between a car and a motorcycle would be endangered, a warning message could be generated for the car driver (by implementing an in-veh ITS technology) to warn driver about keeping a safe distance.     

基于CAN的无触点车灯开关控制系统研究与实现

应用CAN和霍尔元件设计了无触点式车灯组合开关控制系统。与传统的接触式开关系统相比,基于霍尔元件的无触点开关具有速度快、无机械磨损、无瞬问抖动、安全可靠以及寿命长等优点;与传统的开关控制系统相比,基于CAN的数字化开关控制系统具有节约安装成本、易于维护、可靠性高以及稳定性好的特点。通过搭建系统的硬件平台和设计车灯组合开关控制系统的控制软件,并进行实验,实验结果表明,提出的设计及实现方法是可行的。     

防误将油门当刹车结构的研究

驾驶汽车过程中,错踩油门(油门当刹车),引发的交通事故屡见不鲜。本设计结构根据驾驶员紧急制动时,踩踏刹车踏板的力远远大于踩踏油门踏板力这一事实,从而导致节气门开度不同,通过传感器测量误踩油门时节气门开启的角度、角速度、角加速度这三个参数的模拟量,并将信号传到控制器,与试验得到的临界值比较,判断是否误踩油门,若是,则发送命令到执行器进行强制制动,防止此类交通事故的发生。     

Comfort enhancement by an active vibration reduction system for a flexible railway car body

In order to improve the ride comfort of lightweight railway vehicles, an active vibration reduction system using piezo-stack actuators is proposed and studied in simulations. The system consists of actuators and sensors mounted on the vehicle car body. Via a feedback control loop, the output signals of the sensors which are measuring the flexible deformation of the car body generate a bending moment, which is directly applied to the car body by the actuators. This bending moment reduces the structural vibration of the vehicle car body. Simulations have shown that a significant reduction in the vibration level is achieved.     

Comfort enhancement by an active vibration reduction system for a flexible railway car body

In order to improve the ride comfort of lightweight railway vehicles, an active vibration reduction system using piezo-stack actuators is proposed and studied in simulations. The system consists of actuators and sensors mounted on the vehicle car body. Via a feedback control loop, the output signals of the sensors which are measuring the flexible deformation of the car body generate a bending moment, which is directly applied to the car body by the actuators. This bending moment reduces the structural vibration of the vehicle car body. Simulations have shown that a significant reduction in the vibration level is achieved.