06NiCrMoCuNb钢焊接T型材的焊接工艺数值模拟

焊接残余应力和焊接变形是个困扰船舶行业的难题，有限元数值模拟软件的成熟与广泛应用为解决这个问题提供了条件和手段。利用大型软件MSC Marc有限元分析软件对T型接头的不同焊接方式进行了实时三维数值模拟，并对焊接残余应力分布以及角变形计算结果进行了分析说明。在此基础上，结合了整个焊接构件的实际情况进行定性分析，并且其分析方法对焊接领域中类似问题的处理也很有借鉴意义。     

船体焊接残余应力的数值分析

船体在焊接过程中产生的焊接残余应力不仅会降低船体结构的性能,还会使得建造精度难以控制,从而最终影响到船舶建造质量.本文以热弹塑性理论为基础,利用ANSYS非线性分析有限元程序,对船体结构焊缝进行了数值分析,获得了焊接顺序、构件尺寸对残余应力分布的影响规律.分析结果显示,分段焊接可以有效降低残余应力的峰值,尤其是对控制横向残余应力更为明显,焊缝方向上的残余应力会造成较大的残余变形.本文研究结果为优化生产工艺,控制残余应力提供了理论依据.     

工艺参数对平板对接焊温度场及残余应力的影响

焊接变形和残余应力对集装箱船的建造质量有着重要影响，通过优化焊接工艺可以有效提高其结构的焊接质量。为选择合理的焊接工艺参数，文章基于ANSYS软件，建立了船舶平板对接焊的有限元分析模型，采用高斯热源模型，对接头的温度场及应力变形进行了数值模拟，并将焊接电流、焊接速度和板厚对平板对接焊残余应力场及变形的影响规律进行了分析和总结，对实际生产中集装箱船结构焊接质量的控制具有一定的参考价值。     

基于固有应变法的环肋圆柱壳焊接残余应力数值分析

环肋圆柱壳是水下装备的主要承压部件,通常采用高强钢进行建造,对焊接残余应力等缺陷较敏感.为了得到不同肋骨布置方式下的焊接残余应力分布情况,首先采用试验和数值模拟的方法研究了高强钢焊接试板残余应力分布情况,验证了固有应变近似公式的适用性;然后,基于固有应变法针对内置、外置T型肋骨的圆柱壳的焊接残余应力进行数值分析,结果表明:两者壳板径向变形与实测资料较为一致,内置肋骨时,跨中壳板内凹,反之外凸;残余应力主要分布于焊缝部位,跨中壳板呈现压应力,内置肋骨的压应力要略大一些.     

船体梁结构低应力无变形焊接技术研究方法概述

低应力无变形焊接技术是一种降低焊接变形和残余应力的新技术,具有高效、灵活、效果明显等优点,有望能得到广泛应用.综述了近年来低应力无变形焊接技术的研究现状,并对国内外的研究成果进行了简要的介绍在此基础上,对基于低应力无变形焊接技术的焊接变形和残余应力控制研究的发展进行了展望,并以T型梁为例进行无变形焊接模拟研究.     

壳体对接焊工艺的数字仿真研究

利用ANSYS软件,对圆柱壳体圆周对接焊进行数字仿真分析.仿真过程采用双椭球体热源模拟焊接电弧,利用生死单元模拟焊料填充过程,真实再现了实际的焊接过程.通过数值计算总结了壳体圆周焊的焊接温度场、残余应力场和焊接变形的规律,探讨了焊接工艺以及结构尺寸对焊接残余应力及变形的影响,同时通过与实验测量值的比较,验证了仿真分析的可靠性.采用的数值仿真方法及提出的优化焊接工艺可为工程实际提供参考,具有理论和实用价值.     

高强度钢耐压锥柱壳体焊接残余应力数值分析

高强度钢耐压锥柱壳在工程焊接过程中产生的残余应力对结构的疲劳强度有着重要影响,有必要针对这类壳体的焊接残余应力进行数值分析。在大型有限元软件ANSYS的基础上,开发了相应的焊接程序,对焊接过程中结构的残余应力进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与相关的理论统计和实验值进行对比分析,显示这些结果是基本吻合的。在此基础上,对高强度钢耐外压锥柱结合壳体在不同几何和焊接参数下的焊接残余应力进行了三维有限元分析,得到了若干残余应力变化规律。这些结果为高强度钢耐压壳体焊接结构的疲劳强度计算提供了可靠的依据。     

钛合金Ti-6Al-4V ELI厚板多层多道焊试验与数值模拟

对2块厚度为24mm的Ti-6Al-4VELI厚板进行夹角为171.98°的多层TIG焊接试验,基于SYSWELD软件平台,在焊板两端完全刚性固定的装夹条件下数值模拟计算焊接温度场、应力场和焊接引起的变形.计算结果表明,焊接温度场的变化规律符合实际,焊缝区的拉伸残余应力最大,热影响区的压缩残余应力较大.焊接数值模拟得到的残余应力场与试验测量值能较好地吻合,验证了数值模拟模型的准确性.该数值模拟方法可应用到大深度Ti-6Al-4VELI载人舱强度计算中的焊缝残余应力模拟中.     

焊接残余变形对深海耐压环肋圆柱壳稳定性的影响

焊接残余变形对深海耐压环肋圆柱壳结构的稳定性是否有影响是个非常值得关注的问题.文章对深海耐压环肋圆柱壳结构的焊接残余变形和残余应力进行了分析,并进行了相关试验数据验证.由于耐压结构壳体和肋骨的焊接残余应力相对偏小,然后着重研究残余变形对深海耐压环肋圆柱壳结构的稳定性和极限承载能力的影响.结果表明:焊接残余变形对耐压舱段结构的稳定性和极限承载能力影响不大;叠加有初始焊接变形的结构肋骨失稳波形较少;计算结果更偏于工程实际.     

基于双面双弧焊接工艺的焊接接头残余应力及变形分析

本文采用数值模拟手段和小孔法测试试验,对新型双面双弧焊接工艺和现行单弧焊接工艺下船体高强度钢对接接头焊接过程及焊后残余应力、变形进行对比分析,为双面双弧焊接的实际应用及大面积推广奠定工艺基础。     

自升式平台桩腿焊接变形和应力控制技术研究

自升式平台的桩腿由多段大厚度高强钢圆筒拼接而成,需要大量的多层多道焊工艺,导致复杂的焊接变形与残余应力,是桩腿加工精度和安全性检验中需要格外关注的问题。焊接变形、应力与焊接工艺参数和工艺措施有关,因此本文选取了四项对焊接变形、应力有重要影响的工艺参数：预热温度,保温缓冷措施,焊接速度和约束条件,通过热弹塑性有限元计算,分析这四项工艺参数对圆筒圆度、应力极值的影响,并基于对焊接变形与应力的综合控制,提出了工艺优化建议。     

Welding-induced residual stresses and distortions of butt-welded corroded and intact plates

The welding-induced residual stresses and distortions of butt-welds between non-corroded and corroded steel plates are studied experimentally and numerically, simulating a repair in an aged structure. Butt welds are made between plates with different corrosion levels and intact ones, and temperature distributions and distortions have been measured. Finite element analyses of the butt-welded corroded and non-corroded plates are performed to estimate the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses for different levels of corrosion degradation. The environmental conditions during the welding repair process are also accounted for. Experimentally evaluated mechanical properties of corroded steel plates as a function of the temperature during the welding process are employed in non-linear finite element analyses. The importance of the material properties as a function of the severity of the steel plates' corrosion degradation on the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses is also quantified. This study shows the importance of considering the ageing of steel in the repair process. The developed methodology allows critical operational decisions to be made with greater ease and confidence in analysing the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses when ageing structures are repaired to extend their service life. Furthermore, different welding sequence scenarios may be analysed to identify the most appropriate repair solution in minimising the repair cost.     

Influence of the welding sequence on residual stress and distortion of fillet welded structures

T-joints are one of the most common welded joints used in the construction of offshore structures, including ships and platforms. In the present study, a sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model that considers temperature-dependent material properties, high temperature effects and a moving volumetric heat source was used to investigate the effect of welding sequence on the residual stresses and distortions in T-joint welds. The parameters of Goldak's double ellipsoidal heat source model were predicted using a neural network. The numerical models were successfully validated by the experimental tests. The results show that the welding sequences have significant effects on the residual stresses and distortions, both in the magnitude and distribution mode. The optimization of the welding sequences should be investigated numerically or experimentally before the construction welded structure.     

定位焊顺序对单面埋弧焊接头残余应力和变形的影响（英文）

Submerged arc welding(SAW) is advantageous for joining high thickness materials in large structure due to high material deposition rate. The non-uniform heating and cooling generates the thermal stresses and subsequently the residual stresses and distortion. The longitudinal and transverse residual stresses and angular distortion are generally measured in large panel structure of submerged arc welded fillet joints. Hence, the objective of this present work is to quantify the amount of residual stress and distortion in and around the weld joint due to positioning of stiffeners tack. The tacking sequence influences the level of residual stress and proper controlling of tacking sequences is required to minimize the stress. In present study, an elasto-plastic material behavior is considered to develop the thermo mechanical model which predicts the residual stress and angular distortion with varying tacking sequences. The simulated result reveals that the tacking sequence heavily influences the residual stress and deformation pattern of the single sided fillet joint. The finite element based numerical model is calibrated by comparing the experimental data from published literature. Henceforth, the angular distortions are measured from an in-house developed experimental set-up. A fair agreement between the predicted and experimental results indicates the robustness of the developed numerical model. However, the most significant conclusion from present study states that tack weld position should be placed opposite to the fillet weld side to minimize the residual stress.     

Influence of tacking sequence on residual stress and distortion of single sided fillet submerged arc welded joint

Submerged arc welding (SAW) is advantageous for joining high thickness materials in large structure due to high material deposition rate. The non-uniform heating and cooling generates the thermal stresses and subsequently the residual stresses and distortion. The longitudinal and transverse residual stresses and angular distortion are generally measured in large panel structure of submerged arc welded fillet joints. Hence, the objective of this present work is to quantify the amount of residual stress and distortion in and around the weld joint due to positioning of stiffeners tack. The tacking sequence influences the level of residual stress and proper controlling of tacking sequences is required to minimize the stress. In present study, an elasto-plastic material behavior is considered to develop the thermo mechanical model which predicts the residual stress and angular distortion with varying tacking sequences. The simulated result reveals that the tacking sequence heavily influences the residual stress and deformation pattern of the single sided fillet joint. The finite element based numerical model is calibrated by comparing the experimental data from published literature. Henceforth, the angular distortions are measured from an in-house developed experimental set-up. A fair agreement between the predicted and experimental results indicates the robustness of the developed numerical model. However, the most significant conclusion from present study states that tack weld position should be placed opposite to the fillet weld side to minimize the residual stress.     

Numerical investigation on the ultimate strength of stiffened cylindrical shells considering residual stresses and shakedown

In this paper, the effects of residual stresses on the ultimate strength of stiffened cylinders are numerically investigated with an emphasis on shakedown which might occur during the service of these structures. Residual stresses caused by two types of actions, namely, cold bending and welding, are simulated with simplified approaches in numerical analysis. Cold bending stresses are simulated by simulating cold rolling and elastic springback until the desired curvature for cylindrical shell is obtained. Welding is simulated by applying cooling down to a certain temperature on the elements adjacent to stiffener-shell joints to obtain weld-shrinkage with realistic magnitudes. Six small-scale externally pressurized ring-stiffened cylinder models are utilized to evaluate the appropriateness of the method for inclusion of welding residual stresses in numerical analysis by comparing the experimental and numerical results. Ultimate strength analyses are then performed for a reference ring-stiffened cylinder model under radial pressure and stringer-stiffened cylinder under axial loading. To assess the effect of shakedown, after applying cyclic compressive loading to the ring-stiffened cylinder model, the level of stress relief and the change in the ultimate strength are evaluated.     

内压对锥柱耐压壳焊接残余应力影响的数值模拟与试验研究

耐压结构在使用前一般都要进行内压试验,经过内压试验后结构的焊接残余应力会发生改变。残余应力的变化会对结构的力学特性有一定影响。文章首先运用ANSYS的APDL语言编写了大尺度锥柱耐压壳模型焊接残余应力数值模拟程序,对耐压结构的初始残余应力和经过内压试验后残余应力的变化进行计算;然后,采用X射线无损检测方法对该大尺度锥柱耐压壳模型的初始残余应力和经过内压试验后的残余应力进行测量。计算结果与试验结果表明,随着内压增加,内壳残余拉应力不断降低;而外壳残余压应力则变化不大;并且数值模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合。该文研究结果为更加合理可靠地进行耐压结构力学特性分析提供了理论依据。     

大型核电厚壁结构X射线衍射法残余应力测试

采用X射线衍射法（ XRD）对大型核电厚壁结构堆芯板端面、堆芯板与吊篮筒体环焊缝焊前焊后残余应力进行无损测量。研究堆芯板端面、环焊缝焊前焊后残余应力的分布情况及变化规律。结果表明：堆芯板焊前残余应力主要是机加工应力,且焊接过程对其残余应力影响不大;1＃和2＃堆芯板环焊缝轴向残余应力分布趋势明显,呈现焊缝为压应力,母材为拉应力;测试的环向应力在各区域分布不一致;焊接对远离焊缝区域的应力没有影响,远离焊缝区域呈现较大的加工应力。     

Fatigue life estimation of explosive cladded transition joints with the use of the spectral method for the case of a random sea state

The problem with fatigue lifetime estimation of explosive cladded transition joints under random loading conditions has been described. The paper presents the fatigue test results performed for the random state of tension-compression under a generated spectrum according to the Pierson-Moskowitz model. The obtained spectrum has a non-Gaussian characteristic. The tested material consists out of a transition joint clad with four layers of aluminium alloy A5083, A1050, Titanium Grade 1 and steel Grade D. The material has been tested for the existence of residual stresses after the welding process with the hole drilling method. The welding process has been also simulated with ANSYS and the residual stresses have been generated for the Goldak volumetric distribution. The obtained values of residual stresses comprise to the values of real tests performed for the hole drilling method. The information about the residual stress values have been taken into account in the process of fatigue lifetime estimation in the form of non-zero mean stresses compensation inside the clad. The fatigue life has been calculated with the use of the frequency domain method. The Goodman mean stress compensation model has been used in the process of residual stress compensation. The non-gaussianity has been compensated with the use of the Bracessi formula. The obtained fatigue life assessment results have been compared with stand test results. The calculated results are within the scatter area of 3, but individual scatter values have been calculated for calculated series.     

焊接残余应力对疲劳寿命影响的定量研究

在以往的研究中,残余应力对疲劳寿命的影响基本上均局限于定性分析,很少给出定量的研究结果。文章基于双参数统一方法,开展了锥柱结合壳处的残余应力对疲劳寿命的定量计算分析,给出了残余应力对疲劳寿命影响范围,并通过试样疲劳试验进行了验证。通过研究,可以看出残余应力没有改变裂纹的扩展趋势,但明显加快了裂纹扩展的过程,明显降低了耐压结构的疲劳寿命。