《国际货物运输代理业管理规定实施细则（草案）》评价

1修改背景《中华人民共和国国际货物运输代理业管理规定》(1995年国务院第5号令,原对外经贸合作部发布施行,以下简称《管理规定》)与《中华人民共和国国际货物运输代理业管理规定实施细则》(商务部2004年1月1日颁布,以下简称《实施细则》)是我国国际货运代理业管理的2个基本规则。随着我国国际货运代理业、对外贸易、国际海运、物流等的快速发展,现有国际     

国际货代物流业税收问题

近几年，国际货运代理与物流之间的关系经历了3个阶段的变化：起初强调国际货运代理企业应该向物流服务转型，两者之间似乎属于不同行业，界限分明：然后提出“货运物流代理业”概念，将货运代理业理解为从属于物流，为物流企业提供代理服务（实际上，“货运物流代理业”与“货运代理业”两概念并不存在本质上的区别）；最后，提出“货代物流业”概念，将货运代理业理解为物流业的组成部分，货代企业从事的本来就是物流业务。     

国际货运代理人身份识别

1国际货运代理业的内涵国际货运代理业指接受进出口货物收货人、发货人和其他委托人或其代理人的委托,以委托人的名义或者自己的名义,组织、办理国际货物运输及相关业务,提供国际物流增值服务的行业。[1]需要注意的是,国际货运代理制度不同于我国《民法通则》和《合同法》规定的代理制度。《民法通则》第63条     

第三方物流和国际货运代理的区别与联系（下）

根据《货运代理管理规定》，国际货物运输代理企业必须依法取得中华人民共和国企业法人资格。2004年1月1日商务部颁布的《国际货运代理业管理规定实施细则》（简称实施细则）第七条进一步规定，国际货运代理企业应当依法取得中华人民共和国企业法人资格。企业组织形式为有限责任公司或股份有限公司。禁止具有行政垄断职能的单位申请投资经营国际货运代理业务。     

论我国国际货运代理的经营范围

1995年6月29日由外经贸部发布并实施的《中华人民共和国国际货物运输代理业管理规定》(以下简称“管理规定”)及其随后于1998年发布并实施的《中华人民共和国国际货物运输代理业管理规定实施细则》(试行)(以下简称“细则”)对我国国际货运代理的概念、经营范围等作了具体的规定，这对于明确我国国际货运代理的性质、法律地位、责任及其权利、义务，加强对我国货代业的治理整顿和管理起到了很好的作用。然而，将其“管理规定”及其“细则”有关货运代理的概念、经营范围条款的规定结合起来进行考察，不难发现其内容不仅相互存在矛盾，而且与目前我国国际货代的实际业务不相符合，由此引起了理解上的混乱，也增加了在实践中对货代业是否违法经营等方面管理的难度。     

《国际货运代理》实验教学的思考与实践

国际货运代理业的蓬勃发展,引发了货运代理人才的大量需求.但货运代理业极强的实务性使得《国际货运代理》课程教学具有一定的难度.本文主要从三个方面对《国际货运代理》实验教学进行了思考和实践.     

我国国际货运代理责任保险探讨

近年来,随着国家经济和对外贸易的迅速增长,国际货运代理业在市场竞争中得到迅速发展。国际货运代理市场的全面对外开放给国际货运代理业带来了发展的机遇,但随之而来的是激烈的竞争和难以预测的风险。国际货运代理责任保险制度作为防范和规避国际货运代理风险和责任的有效制度在西方发达国家已极度盛行,而在我国却甚少有人问津。因此,本文从国际货运代理和责任保险的基本概念出发,联系我国国际货运代理责任保险的现状,对国际货运代理责任保险制度在我国的设立作了简单的论述。     

笑看风云 全面提速

中国正在成为世界的制造中心伴随而来的是中国国际货运代理业的风生水起。目前，全国已有4000余家的货代企业。并且原有的严格审批制很可能为宽松得多的登记制所代替，行业的准人门槛越降越低现有的货代企业应当如何面对？国家人世时早已承诺逐步放开货运代理业．2005年12月11日后外商将被允许在中国独立经营货代业务。实力强     

国际货运代理业发展对策分析

在中国尚未完全实现工业化和市场化的今天,日趋激烈的市场竞争将使我国国际货运代理业直接面临世界经济信息化和全球化的挑战。虽然早在1988年,我国就基本上取消了负载保留政策,并且给了外资企业种种优惠待遇,提前经受了全球化的冲击,但加入WTO给国际货运代理业带来的冲击仍不能忽视。同时,经济全球化、贸易自由化加剧了全球经济竞争,国际货运代理业正朝着第三方物流的方向发展,因此我国国际货运代理界要适时制定相应     

中国国际货运代理业面临的形势和应对思路

1 我国加入WTO在国际货运代理业及相关行业的开放承诺 (1)国际货运代理业 加入世贸组织以前,我国政府允许外国货运代理公司在中国建立合资企业,外商在合资企业中的股份最高为50％,最低为25％;加入WTO一年后,外商可在合资企业中控股;入世4年以后外     

浅析国际货运代理人法律地位认定的若干标准

确定国际货运代理企业的法律地位并依其法律地位承担相应的责任和义务,是我们参与到国际货运游戏规则中的必要条件。本文就中国际货运代理人的法律地位认定的几个标准进行分析,以便国际货运代理人明确其法律责任意识,建立起更好的风险防范机制,实现更安全健康的发展。     

Eastern/Western European shipping companies and multimodal transport operations

The purpose of this article is to discuss the current developments in multimodal cargo flows in North European freight transports from Eastern and Western European shipping companies' point of view. Four types of options were identified for shipping companies in multimodal transport operations, namely: (i) the full service operator option, (ii) the feeder operator option in container trades, (iii) the ro-ro operator option, and (iv) the ferry operator option. Option (i) requires a global transport network together with efficient information handling capabilities. This option can be reached by a limited number of mega-carriers. The scope of investment and know-how in this option is such that Eastern European operators are unlikely to achieve this level. In (ii), fleets from (or registered in) the former socialist countries have an advantage as low cost operators, provided that the quality of the operation conforms to principals' requirements. However, the supply side in the intra-European container feeder trades seems to be quite saturated, and new market shares will be very difficult to acquire in the 1990s. In ro-ro shortsea trades the major freight transport operators are well integrated into either freight forwarder driven arrangements (Sweden, Germany), or into major shippers (Finland). As providers of port-to-port transports for road-based cargoes, ferry operators continue to play an important part in international transports. However, the major incentive (and revenue) for passenger/car ferry operations is usually derived from consumers' vacational or travelling needs. Along with the ongoing transition process and a higher level of economic stability that is hopefully achieved in these countries, mergers and acquisitions by Western partners are likely to follow.     

Cooperation among freight forwarders: Mode choice and intermodal freight transport

The objective of this paper is to compare vertical and horizontal cooperation among freight forwarders. The paper analyses three freight forwarders (‘players’) with two different means of transportation. The first two players are truck-operating freight forwarders. The third player is a freight forwarder with its own ship. For the purposes of analysis, the paper applied a two-stage game. The results revealed that the best form of cooperation is the one in which the large truck-operating company would establish a coalition with the ship-operating company; that is, vertical cooperation. This cooperation would generate better payoffs in the form of profit, not only to the members of this coalition, but also to the player that has not joined the coalition. However, user surplus is negative in all coalitions, which shows that the establishment of these kinds of cooperation is not beneficial (in terms of prices) for the users of these service providers.     

试论合同法之代理原则对货运代理业的影响

根据民法相关规定阐述了我国对于国际货运代理法律地位的认定以及产生的后果。并在此基础上针对《合同法》第四百零二条、四百零三条进行相关的分析。揭示了上述两条款对货运代理业的影响。     

传统货运代理业向物流领域发展的对策研究

针对我国传统货运代理业服务方式单一、生存空间受到严峻挑战的现状,提出了货运代理企业向物流领域进军的发展对策。     

国际集装箱运价管理机制的探讨——兼论运价报备制度实施的作用与实质

通过对试行的运价报备制度的作用与实质的分析提出了在目前国际集装箱运输市场以运价报备制度作为运价管理模式是合适的。运价报备制度比传统的各种运价管理模式刚性小、易于被业界各方接受,又可以作为国家宏观管理的一种政策手段,为长期稳定集装箱运价起到积极的作用,在目前运价全面放开的市场背景下还可以作为一种新运价管理模式。     

无船承运人与货运代理人的识别

无船承运人与货运代理人在国际贸易和航运业的发展中都发挥着重要的作用,但是由于二者发展历史上的渊源以及业务范围的某些交叠使得无论在理论中还是实践中都存在着含混不清的地方。我国现有的法律法规包括新近颁布的《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》都没能很好地解决这一问题,而美国的《1998年航运改革法》似乎在这方面做出了有益的探索。     

Combination hedging strategies for crude oil and dry bulk freight rates on the impacts of dynamic cross-market interaction

The fluctuation of freight rates revenue and the fierce volatility of oil cost are two of the most key risk exposures in the shipping industry. However, neglecting the dynamic interrelationship between the cost and the revenue markets leads to the overestimation or underestimation of hedging ratios, which makes the present single hedge strategy less efficient. This paper proposes an optimal combination hedging model for a shipowner trading the derivatives of crude oil and dry bulk freight rates simultaneously with the cross-market economic linkages. We investigate the impacts of spillover transmission, structural breaks, and dynamic conditional correlations (DCCs) on the optimal combination hedging trading. It is found that the significant volatility transmission between oil future and dry bulk forward freight agreements suggests a high dependence of the Capesize sector on the oil fluctuations, which means that the dynamic cross-market interactions have significant impacts on the aggregate risk exposures. Furthermore, the DCCs incorporating structural breaks significantly improve the performance of the combination hedge, which is superior to the two separate hedging strategies. Our study offers new insights into how the freight rates and oil markets relate to a combination hedging, which can be used to promote the risk management in the market.     

Development of ocean carriers' behaviour model focusing on their 'cost and tariff' based on the spatial general equilibrium

Spatial computable general equilibrium (SCGE) theory has been applied to an international trade model to evaluate tariff and fiscal policies of a country. Those models can not be applied for the evaluation of transport policies such as port development and tax/subsidy policy against transportation sectors, since they do not deal with ocean freight and ocean carriers explicitly in the model. Ocean freight often varies with the changes of competitive conditions and/or demand/ supply balances in the short run, while it should reflect the actual expenditure of the carriers in the long run. The model proposed here considers the profit maximization behaviour of ocean carriers, and deals with ocean freight explicitly. The model is applied to four major economic regions; Japan, USA, EU and Asia. A multi-level function composed of the Cobb-Douglas function is adopted to produce reliable parameters of the production function for many industries.