集装箱空箱中转调运优化研究*

合理的空箱调运可降低班轮公司的营运成本、提高市场竞争力.针对班轮公司空箱调运问题,在对中国港口群分析的基础上,提出了基于融舱的中转调运策略.综合考虑运输成本、装卸成本、租赁成本和调运约束等条件,以最小化调运成本为目标,建立了在保证重箱运输前提下有中转的空箱调运整数线性规划模型.通过对模型求解,得到了比传统调运方式更为满意的调运方案,对结果进行分析制定出相应的调运策略.所建立的模型对空箱调运问题具有较强的指导意义.     

外贸集装箱空箱状况堪忧 出口风险增大

日前．南通检验检疫局对南通口岸场地堆放的用于外贸出口的集装箱空箱进行了一次集中查验，这些集装箱主要由境内调拨及外贸重箱回箱构成。通过查验，该局发现集装箱空箱卫生状况不容乐观，“空箱不空”的情况较为普遍。     

不均衡集装箱流下内陆空箱网络优化研究

为协调规划内陆集装箱空箱网络,确定在不均衡集装箱流下集装箱场站空箱保有量和调运量以降低空箱管理成本,构建了内陆集装箱空箱网络优化模型,设计了包含3种方案的内陆空箱网络算例,采用遗传算法求解.研究结果显示:不考虑运输方式的情况下,空箱保有量和空箱调运量协调最优的内陆空箱网络成本比基于单场站最优空箱保有量的内陆空箱网络成本...     

2010年深圳港集装箱吞吐量创出新高

<正>据深圳市港务管理局快速统计,深圳港2010年集装箱吞吐量达到2250.97万TEU,同比增长23.3%,超出2008年水平5.1%,创出年度新高。重、空箱比例为63.9%和36.1%,其中重箱为1438.31万TEU,增长19.2%,重箱进出     

轮胎式空箱门式起重机在中小码头的应用

随着集装箱运输的迅猛发展,各码头的集装箱吞吐量迅速增长,中小码头堆场原来多数采用的正面吊处理重箱、堆高机处理空箱的装卸作业工艺,由于场地堆存利用率低、装卸效率低而逐步转向集装箱门式起重机堆存装卸工艺.2005年5月,我公司委托交通部水运科学研究所开发1台LJMJ0523轮胎式空箱门式起重机,专门用于租用场地的空箱处理.     

装箱班轮公司合作调箱潜力无限

<正>由于国际进出口贸易的不平衡,集装箱空箱调运一直是各大集装箱班轮公司在日常航线经营中难以回避的问题。目前,部分集装箱班轮公司已就空箱调运展开积极尝试,希望通过合作调箱,有效降低空箱调运和堆存成本,提高集装箱利用率,加快箱体周转速度,最终实现各合作方互利共赢。1合作调箱运作机制及目标合作调箱的实质是舱位互换,其与传统的集装箱班轮公司间签署的长期航线舱位互换协议的相同之处在于,两者均基于不同集装箱班轮公司间航线和挂港的互补性进行舱位互换,从而扩大自身航     

浅谈降低箱管成本的途径（2）

2.2堆场的回空箱检验 货主对进口重箱进行拖运、拆箱是一个容易造成集装箱损坏、在箱内遗留垃圾的过程.向货主追究修理和清洁赔偿责任是减少船公司修箱成本的重要环节.其关键在于货主返回空箱时的进场检验.返空箱在GATE IN时,堆场必须对箱子进行检验,不仅要看箱体外表面,而且要开门检查箱内情况,重点查看木地板、内壁有无损坏,地板和内壁上是否遗留垃圾.     

海运空箱调运模糊优化研究

介绍应用模糊规划的方法研究海运集装箱空箱调运问题,模型以空箱调运和租借费用最小为目标函数,考虑空箱供给能力、空箱需求量和空箱运输容量限制等条件,并考虑到空箱需求量是模糊数时的情况。     

班轮联盟下舱位租赁与分配随机规划模型

为增加集装箱班轮公司收益、提升舱位利用率,针对联盟内外企业的集装箱租赁业务,考虑航线需求不确定性、联盟重视度,建立舱位租赁与分配随机规划模型。运用机会约束法将随机模型转化为确定性模型进行求解。算例结果表明,舱位租赁能提高班轮公司收益,联盟重视度会影响舱位分配决策,临界值下班轮公司收益和联盟稳定能够达到平衡。     

我国港口集装箱运输将积极向好——2021港口生产走势分析之三

2020年我国港口集装箱吞吐量增速明显放缓,内外贸吞吐量增速均创近十年来新低。其中,内贸主要受疫情背景下国内经济增速放缓影响、重箱吞吐量出现下降,外贸与我国进出口额超预期增长密切相关、重箱吞吐量增速比2019年有所加快。预计2021年港口集装箱吞吐量为2.76亿TEU,同比增长4.5%,其中,内贸增长6.5%,外贸增长3.1%。建议超前谋划我国港口内贸集装箱物流运输组织体系,不断优化我国与东南亚、南亚等区域的航线航班配置,优化集装箱空箱调度组织,有力支撑双循环新发展格局构建。     

A slot reallocation model for containership schedule adjustment

Ship slot capacity is the main sale resource of container shipping lines. However, shipping lines often encounter situations, such as serious ship delays, that require adjustments of shipping schedules, causing the original delivery plans of some consignments to be altered. This study proposes an integer programming model for slot reallocation planning, based on a given adjusted schedule. Decisions regarding empty container repositioning are also examined. This model aims to maximise a company’s benefits from deliveries of consignments and movements of empty containers. Available slots are subject to port rotation changes, allowable port handlings and ship capacity. A case study of a deep ocean loop demonstrates optimal slot reallocation, and empty container repositioning is used for illustrative purposes. The reallocation characteristics due to benefit items and the model’s applicability to large-scale examples are discussed.     

四卷筒轻型RMG及其在空箱堆场中的应用

根据集装箱堆场空箱堆取作业的特点，提出了一种四卷筒轻型空箱RMG的方案，对其关键技术进行研究。目前该机型已用于空箱堆场作业，其适应性强、性价比高，特别适合于专业空箱堆场和中小码头应用。     

Weekly container delivery patterns in liner shipping planning models

This paper addresses a fundamental question related to nearly all container liner shipping planning models: whether the implicit assumption of identical container delivery pattern every week is valid in a situation of identical shipping services and identical cargo demand every week. We prove that when the number of containers transported from one port to the next is formulated as a continuous variable, the resulting mathematical model with an identical container delivery pattern is equivalent to the model with general container delivery patterns which can be different in different weeks. When the number of containers transported is formulated as an integer variable, the model with an identical container delivery pattern is not equivalent to the model with general container delivery patterns. However, the difference between the optimal objective values of the two models is negligible for practical applications. In sum, little, if not nothing, is lost by assuming an identical container delivery pattern in liner shipping planning models.     

上海港集装箱智能化管理技术

上海港将现代信息管理和控制等技术应用于集装箱生产管理系统 ,改造了传统的生产方式 ,通过技术创新 ,促进了港口集装箱生产、管理、保障等技术的全面提升。上海港集装箱智能化技术基本涵盖了港口集装箱作业的全过程 ,包括集装箱智能化生产系统、集装箱生产多级优化管理系统、集装箱装卸设备远程监控和故障报警系统、E港口、集装箱装卸工艺仿真决策系统等。     

Reposition of empty containers of different life stages integrated with liner shipping network design

ABSTRACT

This paper integrates empty container reposition with container shipping network design considering the container life stages. A mixed-integer linear programming model is built to determine the liner shipping network, the initial launch ports of new containers, the ports for scrapping obsolete containers, the empty container reposition scheme and the containers of different life stages being used for a specific voyage. A case study is done by taking liner shipping among China, Japan and South Korea, Southeast Asia, Europe and the US as an example. The results show that over 93% of new containers are put into use in China while 63% of old containers are scrapped in Europe or the US, and 73% of containers used for packing cargoes from China to the US are those at the Decline Stage or the Exit Stage.     

集装箱空箱调运分析

分析了现阶段集装箱空箱调运产生的原因,针对集装箱空箱调运的特点,探求减少集装箱空箱调运、提高集装箱运用效率的策略。     

深圳港集装箱运输分析

深圳港是我国重要的集装箱运输干线港口。本文根据相关统计数据，分析深圳港集装箱运输的特点。     

A reactive container rerouting model for container flow recovery in a hub-and-spoke liner shipping network

This paper focuses on the container rerouting due to a disruption, aims at making the optimal container flow recovery plan for the affected liner shipping company. First, we make the initial effort to bring up with a basic framework of disruption management for liner shipping. Second, we present a compact integer linear programming model for addressing the container rerouting problem under the proposed framework in a hub-and-spoke liner shipping network, based on a given recovery vessel schedule that determines to omit a port of call. Other shipping companies’ services and other modes (roadway, railway, and airline) as candidate alternative means to transport the miss-connected containers are also incorporated in the proposed model. The container flow recovery plan would select the optimal alternative paths for the miss-connected containers balancing the trade-off between container transport costs and delivery delay penalty costs. Finally, a case study from a global liner shipping company is investigated and the computational results indicate the model can be solved effectively and efficiently for the real-scale problem. Thus, the proposed approach in this paper can supply real-time decision support tool for the liner shipping operators on handling the process of container flow recovery.     

Modelling and optimisation of online container stacking with operational constraints

Container transportation plays a critical role in the global shipping network and container terminals need to improve their operations to increase efficiency. Storage yard of a container terminal is a temporary area where the containers stay until they are shipped to their next destination. We concentrate on increasing the efficiency of the storage yard by developing online stacking policies for each incoming container. An unproductive move of a container, performed to reach another container stored underneath, is called reshuffling. The objective in container stacking problem is to minimise the number of reshuffles, thereby increasing the efficiency of terminal operations. Additional weight-related operational constraints bring additional complexity to the online stacking decisions. We propose a mathematical model for the optimal online assignment of an incoming export, transit, import or empty container. We also propose an optimal online stacking policy and compare it with a random policy through simulation. Additionally, lower bounds for the performance measures are obtained through simulation by relaxing the operational constraints of the problem in a third stacking policy. We present and discuss the computational results in terms of four main performance measures.