Predicting parametric rolling in irregular head seas with added resistance taken into account

Parametric rolling in irregular head seas is investigated using numerical simulation in the time domain in this paper. The effect of the change in speed due to added resistance on parametric rolling is taken into account. Three methods of calculating the added resistance in irregular head seas are applied to this problem, and then Pinkster’s method, which considers the time-varying added resistance in irregular head seas, is extended for further investigations in this paper. Furthermore, the Froude–Krylov component of restoring variation is estimated with coupling from heave and pitch motions, and the hydrodynamic effects are extrapolated nonlinearly with regards to roll angle. Finally, the “practical non-ergodicity” of parametric roll is investigated with a model experiment at zero forward speed and using the simulation, and the effect of added resistance is investigated with the simulation.     

船舶在随浪中的运动与横甩预报

本文在水平的随船坐标系下,建立了船舶在波浪中的六自由度操纵运动方程。进行船舶在波浪中的回转运动和Z形操纵运动模型试验,验证数学模型的正确性。通过不同波浪和航速条件下船舶Z形操纵运动的模拟计算,预报船舶在随浪中的横甩,预报结果与试验结果比较一致。     

船舶横摇运动预测误差研究

通过对船舶横摇运动的预测误差与输入过去样本长度之间的关系进行研究,提出船舶横摇运动预测误差的经验公式,该公式可用于确定指定预测误差下的最小过去样本长度.采用小波-自回归算法模型进行横摇预测,统计分析预测均方根误差值与输入过去样本长度之间的关系,结果表明,预测过去样本长度与预测均方根误差之间遵循幂函数关系.     

船闸口门区泄水波风浪波高与船舶横摇

在有关标准规范中对船闸引航道口门区的通航水流条件提出了限值,但有的仅提出了设计原则。为此,收集枢纽泄洪中泄水波对船舶(队)缆绳安全系数的原型观测资料,提出了泄水波波高的建议值;在《内河航区分级规范》提出的不同航区风浪波高范围的基础上,对波高引起船舶摇摆的安全进行初步分析,以供讨论。     

Nonlinear dynamics of ship capsizing due to broaching in following and quartering seas

To provide a theoretical methodology to predict the critical condition for capsizing due to broaching, a nonlinear dynamical system approach was applied to the surge–sway–yaw–roll motion of a ship running with an autopilot in following and quartering seas. Fixed points of a mathematical model for the ship motion and unstable manifolds of the fixed point near the wave crest were systematically investigated. As a result, the existence of heteroclinic bifurcation was identified. With numerical experiments, it was confirmed that this heteroclinic bifurcation reasonably well represents the critical condition for capsizing due to broaching. Thus the nonlinear dynamical approach can be substituted for tedious numerical experiments. Received for publication on Nov. 20, 1998; accepted on March 16, 1999     

大型集装箱船参数横摇模型试验和数值模拟研究

以4000TEU集装箱船为研究对象,通过系列自航模型试验,确定其在迎浪规则波中发生参数横摇的限界。试验结果显示：在迎浪规则波中,参数横摇通常发生在波浪遭遇周期为横摇固有周期一半的附近;对应不同遭遇频率时参数横摇的发生,存在一个临界波高;航速的增加和舭龙骨的安装将使参数横摇发生的临界波高增加;当有初始干扰时,参数横摇发生的临界波高较小。而且,数值模拟结果与模型试验结果比较吻合。     

波浪中船舶操纵性预报

为实现对全回转桨船操纵性的预报,根据船舶分离型运动模型的建模方法,考虑全回转桨在水平面上周转的灵活性与受力的特殊性,着重分析双桨受力,建立适用于全回转对转桨船模的MMG操纵运动数学模型;模拟船模进行PMM运动,求得水动力导数并采用四阶龙格-库塔法对操纵性常微分方程进行求解;对某工程船在静水中的回转运动和Z形操纵运动进行数值仿真预报,并将预报结果与自航模操纵性试验结果进行对比。结果表明,两者吻合度较高,验证了针对全回转对转桨船模所建立的船舶运动数学模型的有效性,可为全回转桨船的操纵性预报提供一种较为可靠且行之有效的方法。     

船舶在横浪中的横摇运动及其稳定性研究

以规则横波下的船舶稳定性为研究对象,对船舶在横浪中的横摇运动及其稳定性进行深入研究。本文首先描述船舶横摇运动的非线性方程的建立方法,然后对横浪中船舶的横摇运动稳定性进行分析。分别介绍基于Lyapunov指数法的船舶混沌状态识别方法和基于Melnikov数值积分法的船舶全局稳定性分析方法。仿真实验结果表明,本文介绍的方法能够更好地了解不同激励下船舶的运动状态,稳定性判断方法具有很高的正确性。     

舰船在三维非规则波中的航向航速优选

文章探讨了舰船在三维非规则波中，基于方向谱的六自由度摇荡及动力响应统计特征值的计算方法，并给出了计算结果和实船海试结果的对比，证实了算法是可行的，精度高于舰船在二维非规则波中基于频谱的计算结果。在此基础上，提出了舰船在三维非规则波中航向航速优选的求解模式和算例。     

利用混沌理论进行船舶交通事故预测

在全球化日益繁荣的今天,我国的海外贸易量也面临着爆发式的增长,而有限的航道资源常常导致船舶的航行距离过近,航运碰撞事故常常发生。为了实现对船舶航行的高效预测和控制,急需一种先进的技术对船舶的交通航行进行智能化预测。本文通过采用先进的混沌理论,对船舶的时空距离和运动趋势进行预测,从而实现对船舶航行的定量监控,通过对船舶信息进行高速的采样分析,控制人员能够及时全面地把握好船舶的运动轨迹,从而避免各种可能发生的事故。     

卡尔曼滤波技术在船舶横摇预测中的应用研究

船舶在海上的航行受到海洋气象和水文条件的影响,会产生垂荡、横摇和纵摇等多种形式的运动,这些复杂运动对舰船航行稳定性和船载精密设备的工作精度有不利影响。因此,对船舶的横摇、纵摇等运动进行短时预测具有重要意义。本文系统介绍卡尔曼滤波技术,并利用滤波技术和随机海浪数学模型,研究一种船舶横摇运动的预测方法。     

用Melnikov方法研究船舶在随机横浪中的倾覆

本文应用Melnikov函数和相空间转移率研究船舶在随机波浪中的强非线性横摇运动及其倾覆问题,分析了波浪特征频率、特征波高、船舶非线性恢复力臂以及阻尼特性对相空间转移率的影响.以长30.7m、宽6.9m的渔船为例,采用ISSC波浪谱,在时域内计算了Melnikov函数,得到了相空间转移率与Melnikov函数之间的关系以及有义波高对相空间转移率的影响.研究表明:随有义波高增大,相空间转移率不断增大,船舶航行的安全域迅速减小.从而揭示了相空间转移率与船舶倾覆内在的密切联系,为船舶的设计和稳性衡准提供了有价值的参考.     

Broaching probability for a ship in irregular stern-quartering waves: theoretical prediction and experimental validation

To avoid stability failure due to the broaching associated with surf riding, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has begun to develop multilayered intact stability criteria. A theoretical model using deterministic ship dynamics and stochastic wave theory is a candidate for the highest layer of this scheme. To complete the project, experimental validation of the theoretical method for estimating broaching probability in irregular waves is indispensable. We therefore conducted free-running model experiments using a typical twin-propeller and twin-rudder ship in irregular waves. A simulation model of coupled surge–sway–yaw–roll motion was simultaneously refined. The broaching probability calculated by the theoretical method was within the 95 % confidence interval of that obtained from the experimental data. This could be an example of experimental validation of the theoretical method for estimating the broaching probability when a ship meets a wave.     

一种分解策略的船舶横摇运动姿态在线预报方法

为了解决单一预报模型对复杂的船舶横摇运动姿态时间序列建模预报困难以及支持向量机预报方法离线训练导致实时性差的问题,文中提出一种分解域船舶运动姿态在线预报方法。采用经验模式分解法对时序的不同特征信息进行分解;应用游程法将分量重构为高、中、低频三个分量;针对每个分量建立在线最小二乘支持向量机预报模型,对各分量的预报结果累加得出最终预报值。对某船横摇角时序进行了预报,结果表明,所提方法预报10s的相对均方误差在13%以内,相比于支持向量机预报模型,该模型能够有效提高预报精度和效率。     

航行中波浪水池的数值动力学研究

利用数值波浪水池进行船舶航行预报,是计算船舶水动力的重要方法。本文首先建立船舶水池的数值控制方程,然后利用网格划分对船舶周围的流场进行划分,最后利用Wigley-III船舶模型计算船舶在规则波中航行时受到纵向、垂向和纵摇力矩的系数,将其与势流理论(3D-BEM)和DUT计算方法相比较。     

灰色理论自适应模型在船舶流量预测中的应用

随着经济的发展,船舶作为最经济实惠的运输方式广泛应用。本文将灰色理论自适应模型应用于船舶流量预测,可以有效提高船舶交通服务的智能化及自动化水平。最后通过对比实验说明本文所设计的模型比传统模型精度得到提高。     

URANS analysis of a broaching event in irregular quartering seas

Ship motions in a high sea state can have adverse effects on controllability, cause loss of stability, and ultimately compromise the survivability of the ship. In a broaching event, the ship losses control, naturally turning broadside to the waves, causing a dangerous situation and possibly capsizing. Classical approaches to study broaching rely on costly experimental programs and/or time-domain potential or system-based simulation codes. In this paper the ability of Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) to simulate a broaching event in irregular waves is demonstrated, and the extensive information available is used to analyze the broaching process. The demonstration nature of this paper is stressed, as opposed to a validated study. Unsteady RANS (URANS) provides a model based on first principles to capture phenomena such as coupling between sway, yaw, and roll, roll damping, effects of complex waves on righting arm, rudders partially out of the water, etc. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method uses a single-phase level-set approach to model the free surface, and dynamic overset grids to resolve large-amplitude motions. Before evaluating irregular seas two regular wave cases are demonstrated, one causing broaching and one causing stable surf riding. A sea state 8 is imposed following an irregular Bretschneider spectrum, and an autopilot was implemented to control heading and speed with two different gains for the heading controller. It is concluded that the autopilot causes the ship to be in an adverse dynamic condition at the beginning of the broaching process, and thus is partially responsible for the occurrence of the broaching event.     

Efficient calculation of slamming pressures on ships in irregular seas

An efficient method for calculation of the slamming pressures on ship hulls in irregular waves is presented and validated for a 290-m cruise ship. Nonlinear strip theory was used to calculate the ship–wave relative motions. The relative vertical and roll velocities for a slamming event were input to the slamming calculation program, which used a two-dimensional boundary element method (BEM) based on the generalized 2D Wagner formulation presented by Zhao et al. To improve the calculation efficiency, the method was divided into two separate steps. In the first step, the velocity potentials were calculated for unit relative velocities between the section and the water. In the next step, these precalculated velocity potentials were used together with the real relative velocities experienced in a seaway to calculate the slamming pressure and total slamming force on the section. This saved considerable computer time for slamming calculations in irregular waves, without significant loss of accuracy. The calculated slamming pressures on the bow flare of the cruise ship agreed quite well with the measured values, at least for time windows in which the calculated and experimental ship motions agreed well. A simplified method for calculation of the instantaneous peak pressure on each ship section in irregular waves is also presented. The method was used to identify slamming events to be analyzed with the more refined 2D BEM method, but comparisons with measured values indicate that the method may also be used for a quick quantitative assessment of the maximum slamming pressures.     

Study of algorithms of new slender ship theory of wave resistance

In this paper, Noblesse‘s New Slender-Ship Wave-Making Theory was investigated numerically. Detailed expressions of zeroth and 1st order wave resistance have been derived and calculation programs have also been compiled. In the single and double integral terms of Green function, the kernel function of wave resistance expression, special function expansion method and Chebyshev polynomials approach have been adopted respectively, which greatly simplify the calculation and increase the convergence speed.     

非平坦地面上超短波的计算机场强预报

介绍超短波在非平坦地面上通信区域的计算机场强预报.阐述了地形数据库建立、通信线路地形剖面图绘制、传播类型判别、传播损耗计算的数学模型及其计算机处理方法.软件还可根据用户要求绘制服务区信号场强等级分布图.